Ndeipi zvivakamutauro izwi? zvivakamutauro mazwi

Nyaya ino inotsanangura dzinokosha pfungwa, izvo unoshanda girama Chirungu. The mashoko akapiwa chepakutanga yokutanga izita. Chekutanga yarinopa nhengo mukuru struture anorondedzerwa hama kuti mureza shoko murayiro. Uyewo, yeuka kuti nepovestvovatelnye kuvaka ( 'irrealis moods'), dzakadai mubvunzo majana ( 'interrogative mwoyo'), zvikumbiro uye mirayiro ( 'zvinokosha mwoyo'), zvimiso zvirevo ( 'zvimiso zvirevo'), kazhinji mamiriro ari mutongo . Kana inversion Predicate (kana chikamu Predicate) anova mberi pasi. Uyewo dzimwe nhengo vaduku vanogona kuenda panzvimbo yokutanga pakuita basa rematicheskoy. Izvi hairevi kuti tsanangudzo, sezvo havavimbi pamusoro chero chirevo, asi zvakananga kubva emazita.

Chidimbu, nyore uye anoumbwa nevazhinji (zvivakamutauro hwaro, nyore uye kunzwisisa mutongo)

Modern Chirungu nemarongerwo kwakafanana Russian, kunyange ane zvakajairika pfungwa. Chokwadi chokuti chinyakare hurongwa anoratidza zvakafanana pfungwa dzinoshanda zvingaita vazvibate zvakasiyana. Saka, isu muchidimbu kureva zvivakamutauro tichitarisa Chirungu asina zvakaoma mbambo kuna Russian kupatsanura hurongwa.

'Mutongo' - kupa iine mashoko ane pfungwa nekaupenyu wakakwana.

'Rhema' - Rem, accented chikamu, zvakagadzirirwa kuratidza rakasiyana uye vangasimudzira kukosha mashoko, ipapo, nokuti shoko pakaziviswa (kana zvakanyorwa).

'Theme' - the pusa chikamu, kushanda sezvo muviri nokuti ine theorem no uye aizivikanwa kana regai kukanganisa musimboti chiitiko zvizere.

'Chidimbu' - chikamu mutongo ine rechiito anowanzoshandurwa sezvo pamitemo yemitauro hwaro.

'Hwoupenyu mutongo' - kunzwisisa panyaya ine dzakawanda 'clauses' ( «nheyo zvivakamutauro"), kuti hierarchical kuparadzirwa rakakamurwa:

• inotaura kuchinjaniswa zvikamu - 'remubatanidzwa mitsara' (slozhnosochinennye);
• inotaura zvaanoda uye omurume dzakabatana - 'Complex zvirevo' (akakura).

Uyezve, zvichienderana Kuwanikwa yechipiri nhengo, pane zvivakamutauro izwi akadai 'vasiri nevazukuru mutongo' (kujeka bhidha) uye 'akawedzera mutongo' (zvakafanana).

Nhengo vaisava kumwezve nemutsetse (nhengo Non-Kuwanda anopa)

'Non-dzimwe mutongo' - kujeka kupfimbwa rine chete huru tichitarisa chikumbiro: yacho uye / kana kuti Predicate.

'Predicate' - rechiito, pamitemo yemitauro rinoreva zvakakodzera shoko rechiito nenhumbi dzayo chikamu zviumbu - 'nyore Predicate' (nyore) kuti Multiple Predicate - 'kunzwisisa Predicate' (kunzwisisa).

'Kutuka Predicate' - remubatanidzwa Predicate rine verbs anoverengeka.

'Predicative okuti' - the aizviti chikamu chezita Predicate, kazhinji vakaratidza kuva pazita kana chisazitasingwi.

'Subject' - pasi - zvivakamutauro izwi rinoshandiswa kureva huru nharo ( 'nharo') Predicate ringaratidzwa muzvinhu zvose chikamu kutaura kana mutsara. In basa iri rinogona kuita kunyange 'muvaravara'. Tichingotarisa, muna Chirungu inofanira kuuya pfungwa dzinenge muchimiro chakarongwa 'It', asi tsika chinowanzoonekwa kusiyiwa.

Nhengo kumwezve mitsara (nhengo nevakariri pfungwa)

'Vamwe mutongo' - kupararira bhidha unotora kunze yacho uye / kana Predicate zvakawanda yedzimwe nhengo akadai Somuenzaniso, Uyezve, uye kutituma.

'Vanoramba' - Kunze. Direct Kuwedzera ( 'zvakananga chinhu') kwakabatana zvakananga rechiito akati pamusoro ani / pane kana yokuti chimwe rinoitwa.

'Adverbial' ( 'adjunct') - ezvinhu. In rinobatanidza Mupfungwa rinotsanangura mashoko acho ezvinhu zviitiko, zvakadai nguva, nzvimbo, chikonzero kunotangira nguva mamiriro fungidziro uye migumisiro.

'Paunhu' - .. Kutsunga, iyo anowana nzvimbo yaro iri murugwaro, pasinei hombe mamiriro, kureva nzvimbo yaro kunyanya zvokutaurira shoko, kwete mureza-kuitira mazwi ari mutongo.

'Zvatinoita mazuva ese zvive-Mashoko' - mubvunzo mashoko kana mashoko anoshandiswa pave inokosha nyaya uye ezvirevo zvakafanana.

Modal mashoko uye zvatinoita mazuva ese zvive-Mashoko

'Modal Mashoko' - modal (yokutanga) shoko (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa modal verbs).

'Zvatinoita mazuva ese zvive-Mashoko' uye 'Modal mashoko' vari yemanyorero vanoonekwa oga, pasina chaiyo kuti mutongo.

Akapfupikisa pazasi mu Tables girama. Chimwe chikamu (pamusoro) integrates mutongo, mumwe (dzakaderera) - kumativi kutaura.

Zvikamu speach (zvikamu kutaura)

Girama weshoko zvinoreva mitemo kuti remapazi morfemoobrazovaniya uye kuongorora nzira dzekuziva apo mashoko anotsanangurwa neimwe kirasi. Zvikamu speach - Mapato dzemashoko, izvo zvinoodza kuratidza mumwe zvakawanda pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, adjectives anoratidza chiratidzo zvinhu uye mananara, uye zvisazitasingwi zvinoshandiswa sananga kureva dzimwe kutaura. Share hayo ( 'rakazaruka') uye namahwindo ( 'kuvharwa') boka zvikamu kutaura.

Open mapoka (rakashama boka)

'Open mapoka' - zvivakamutauro rinoreva nguva kukasawedzerwa boka. Mashoko New ngavauye nokuwedzera prefixes uye suffixes, kubudikidza nokuwedzera nemidzi dzidzo nezvimwe zvikamu kutaura, nokukwereta kubva mimwe mitauro, kuti chidzoke yematemu itsva uye mazita, pamwe zvichikonzerwa mitauro-shanduka kubva huripo mashoko zvokukwegura.

'Nouns' - emazita, achitaura chinhu kana chiitiko, uye vane kunosiyana madhigirii yokusununguka zvakajairika mazita zvakakodzera, asi kuti inobudisa kushandiswa nyaya uye kugarisana pakati mitemo hakuiti kukanganisa nemarongerwo yavo.

'Verbs' - verbs. Achitaura rechiito somunhu anokosha chezvinonhuwira ari Predicate anogona kuziva zvivakamutauro rokuti 'chikuru rechiito' (zvichireva rechiito), kuti verbs vasara zvakachengeterwa vazvirondedzere zvakawanda namahwindo boka: 'modal rechiito' (maturo rechiito ine kuchinja chinangwa) uye 'auxuliary rechiito' ( upiyona rechiito), rinoshandiswa kuti vaunze nguva-pronged, chikwereti uye omurume zvivako, uyewo siyana 'ebetsero verbs' - 'vang rechiito' (Link-rechiito), rinoshandiswa kupa kungonyaradza yavose sezvavakatarirwa (chezita) Predicate. Apo 'kubatana rechiito' ndizvo chete rechiito iri zvivakamutauro hwaro, riri kuonekwa huru iri, 'chikuru rechiito'.

Rechiito siyana:

- 'inokosha chimiro', zvinokosha chimiro (kana "kuitika chokuti pasina 'kuti'», 'wakashama kuitika chokuti '), kana chete akaita rechiito iri chipo kutorarama hakunyatsozivikanwi;

- 'kuitika chokuti' (kuitika chokuti);

- '-s'-chimiro, riri kuparadzwa narini panguva ino ari wechitatu munhu yakazonaka;

- Past Nokusingagumi Active - nekwaiitwa rechiito anotora nguva indeterminate kare (dzose verbs vanoumba zvibereko zvayo kuzviuraya 'zvo-', uye kururama anogona kuonekwa mbiru patafura kwemashifiti verbs wechipiri);

- 'ezviri I' kana 'ezviri - ezviri, shoko rechiito rine chimiro kuvhara pamwe kuwedzera' dzichiitirana ';

- 'ezviri II' kana 'yapfuura PARTICIPLE' - kare PARTICIPLE rinotarira nguva dzose verbs kuvhara sezvo kuwedzera 'zvo-', uye nokuda sizvo - wechitatu mbiru patafura kwemashifiti verbs;

- 'gerund' - gerund, iro rinobatanidza ehupfumi ane pazita uye chiito.

'Adjectives' - adjectives kuratidza chiratidzo pazita kungava chikamu yacho uye Predicate kana kutsunga.

'Adverbs' - adverbs kazhinji zvinoratidza mashoko chiito, asi anogonawo kureva pfungwa seboka, kazhinji vanoumba chinoumba ezvinhu.

Closed mapoka (yakavharwa boka)

'Closed mapoka' - mapoka zvikamu pakutaura, nhamba vezvikwata iyo, sezvo mutemo, nguva dzose inoramba zvakafanana. Sezvo zvisingawanzoitiki anosara kunze, morpheme itsva dzaiumbwa sezvo akazaruka mapoka tichiregeredza mazuvaano kuti huripo mashoko, kana girama iri yoku- uye modernize.

'Zvisazitasingwi' - zvisazitasingwi.

'Zvireva mwene' - Zvireva mwene.

'Conjunctives' - mibatanidzwa.

'Determiners' - zvomuenzaniso mashoko. Akakamurwa 'nezvimedu' - nezvimedu, uye 'nyaya' - nyaya.

'Anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira' - anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira.