Ndeipi transcription mu zvipenyu? Izvi danho mapuroteni usage

Negadziriro Biology - munhu multi-danho muitiro kuverenga mashoko kubva DNA, inova constituent mapuroteni biosynthesis muchitokisi. Nucleic asidhi ndiye mutakuri masero mashoko pamuviri, saka zvakakosha decipher uye kutamira dzimwe cellular hurongwa mamwe vanoungana peptides.

Shoko rokuti "transcription mu zvipenyu"

Protein usage chinhu chikuru chinokosha kwacho chero muchitokisi muviri. Pasina pakasikwa peptide mamorekuru haagoni kuramba zvakajairika upenyu, t. To izvi Organic yeimwe vanobatanidzwa mune zvose metabolic urongwa, muri STRUCTURAL zvinoumba nyama zhinji uye nhengo, uye kutamba ndangariro Mureza uye anodzivirira basa mumuviri.

Muitiro, unotanga puroteni biosynthesis, ndiye transcription. Biology muchidimbu runoparadzanisa kuva muzvikamu zvitatu:

1. Kudzidziswa.
2. Elongation (kuwedzera RNA chain).
3. Kugumiswa.

Negadziriro Biology - ari stepwise Pazvinoitika siyana izvo kuguma DNA template synthesized RNA mamorekuru. Uye nokudaro akaumba kwete mashoko chete ribonucleic acids, asiwo chokufambisa, ribosomal, diki enyukireya uye nevamwe.

Kungofanana nokukanganisika muitiro, transcription inotsamira zvinhu zvakawanda. Chokutanga, muri makemikari kuti zvisingapindirani prokaryotes uye eukaryotes. Izvi kushandiswa mapuroteni kubatsira kutanga uye basa transcription siyana zvakarurama, izvo zvinokosha kuwana yepamusoro mapuroteni goho.

transcription pamusoro prokaryotes

Sezvo trankriptsiya bhayoroji - ndiye kwetunhu RNA pamusoro DNA template, mune izvi kunyanya enzayemu chinhu DNA-nemataundi RNA polymerase. In utachiona, panongova mhando imwe polymerases nokuda mamorekuru ose ribonucleic acid.

RNA polymerase maererano nheyo complementarity rinopedzisa RNA beach uchishandisa template DNA cheni. Mune Zvinoumba enzayemu ichi chine mbiri β-subunits, mumwe α-subunit uye mumwe σ-subunit. The zvinoriumba maviri okutanga kushanda sezvo enzayemu muviri inotungamirwa, uye vaviri vasara ndivo mhosva chengetedzo ari enzayemu kusvikira morekuru reDNA uye kuziva mutsigiri chikamu deoxyribonucleic acid, ukuwo.

Sezvineiwo, Sigma chinhu chimwe nhandare pamusoro izvo vanoziva imwe Gene. Somuenzaniso, indekisi Latin tsamba σ N zvinoreva kuti RNA polymerase anoziva kwemajini vanobatanidzwa ne kushayikwa senitrogen mune zvakatipoteredza.

Traskriptsiya mu eukaryotes

Kusiyana utachiona, nemhuka uye zvinomera transcription kunoitika zvakawanda kuoma. Chokutanga, muchitokisi chimwe nechimwe pane hakuna asi Mhando Nhatu RNA polymerases. Pakati pavo:

1. RNA polymerase I. Hazvina mhosva transcription ose ribosomal RNA majini (kunze 5S ribosomal RNA subedinitsv).
2. RNA polymerase II. Basa racho synthesize inowanzotorwa ruzivo (chizvaro) ribonucleic acids, izvo panguva iyoyo mune nhepfenyuro.
3. RNA polymerase III. Mashandiro ichi mhando polymerases ndiko synthesize ribonucleic iine acid chokufambisa, uye 5S-ribosomal RNA.

Chechipiri, nokuti kuziva nditsigire iri mumasero eukaryotic nedostachno chete polymerase. At mharuro transcription dzinoitawo chaiyo peptides, akadana TF-nemapurotini. navo chete vachishandisa imwe RNA polymerase anogona kutora kutanga DNA usage uye RNA mamorekuru.

Meaning of transcription

The RNA Morekuru inopfurwa iri DNA template, vakabva vasiyana ribosomes umo verenga mashoko uye synthesized mapuroteni. Pfungwa paumbwe peptide kunokosha kuti masero, sezvo pasina izvi Organic yeimwe havagoni kuva zvakajairika upenyu; ndivo zvikurukuru hwaro kukosha makemikari ose nokukanganisika siyana.

Transcription mu zvipenyu - asiwo tsime rRNA, inova chikamu ribosome uye tRNA, izvo zvinobatanidzwa munyaya chokufambisa pakati amino acids panguva shanduro idzi dzisiri Kamudzira hurongwa. Ivo rinogonawo synthesized snRNA (diki enyukireya), uyo basa kunoratidzwa splicing RNA mamorekuru.

mhedziso

Translation uye transcription zviri zvipenyu kutamba inokosha basa kwetunhu mapuroteni mamorekuru. pezvakaitwa Ava chikuru chezvinonhuwira nezvebasa Dzidziso ezvinhu zvipenyu, iyo inoti kuti DNA chizvaro iri synthesized kubudikidza RNA, uye RNA, uyewo, ndiyo hwaro kutanga paumbwe mapuroteni mamorekuru.

Pasina transcription hwaizodai kuverenga mashoko ari coded mu vatatu vaiva deoxyribonucleic acid. Izvi zvinoratidza kamwe zvakare kukosha kwacho panguva zvipenyu pamwero. Sero Chero, kana prokaryotic kana eukaryotic, anofanira nguva synthesize mamorekuru itsva uye mapuroteni itsva, izvo zvakafanira panguva kuti tirarame. Naizvozvo, transcription mu zvipenyu - Nde Danho mubasa sero mumwe nomumwe pamuviri.