Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvinomera upenyu? Mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kukura zvinomera

Plants - shamwari dzedu girini. Ivo chakakodzera kudaro ainzi nokuti vanhu nemhuka, kasvisto uye yenhengo dzayo - itsime chikafu, zvinhu zvokuvakisa imba zvinodiwa, mishonga, chikuru regulator mhepo kuchena uye zvichingodaro.

To musi, mune zvinopfuura 350,000 siyana kwemarudzi zvinomera. Vose vane akasiyana morphological uye nemagene features, isu uye siyana nokubwinya kufadza, zvino tirwirei aesthetic mufaro. Zvisinei, avo upenyu siyana zvingava zvakasiyana, asi nguva dzose kuchikosha, nemamwe uye akanaka. Uye kuvapo kwavo kukanganiswa zvakananga ezvinhu anodiwa kuti chirimwa upenyu.

Life mhando miti

kupatsanura Izvi zvinogona kuderedzwa semaonero sayenzi siyana: Systematics uye Ecology. Tiri kuziva chete hurongwa, sezvo hwakavakirwa zvokunze unhu zvinomera. Kubva chinzvimbo ichi yose hwaJehoshafati kasvisto zvinogona mapoka mapoka kuti akaumba shanduka uye vari kukanganiswa zvinhu zvoupenyu zvinomera.

1. Miti - raidudzwa hunde, kukwirira haidereri pane makubhiti maviri.
2. Mumakwenzi - kubva 50 masendimita 2 mamita kureba, dzakawanda hunde anomuitira kubva pasi.
3. Nemiti - aumba kubva rapfuura chimiro, asi kukura kusvika 50 cm.
4. Nemiti - inoumbwa Zvekare zvimiro zvemhashu zvakaita nemiti, asi yokumusoro chikamu vakawanda hunde dzacho akafa.
5. Herbs - yakaderera-kukura zvirimwa muchando -oma pemashanga dzavo.
6. Creeper - Paaiita branching uye zvinokambaira madzinde akapa nezvikokovonho, tunonzwa nezvimwe namano vakabatirira.
7. Succulents - miti anogona kuchengeta yakawanda mvura iri hunde uye mashizha.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha mupudzi upenyu nomumwe mapoka aya? Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Environmental zvinhu sezvo mamiriro chirimwa upenyu

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera.

1. Abiotic:

• chiedza chezuva;
• mwando (mvura);
• tembiricha kurapwa;
• zvokudya.

2. Biotic: zvose zvipenyu kuti vakombe chirimwa ichi (mhuka, mabhakitiriya, notumwe).

3. anthropogenic - dzevanhu simba uye mabasa ayo ari siyana sectors zvoupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye indasitiri.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvinomera upenyu zvikuru? Ndiko, izvo takatsunga kubva izvi? Mubvunzo uyu unonetsa kupindura. zvavo tinofanira kugara nomazvo mubatanidzwa chete rinobvumira zvinomera kunzwa panokwanisika, vakachengeteka uye vakatsanya kukura, kutanga uye tinobereka.

Zvazvakaita chiedza

Musiyano kukosha chirimwa zvipenyu kubva vamwe - zviri autotrophic nzira kudya. Ndiko, kukwanisa kutendeutsa simba chezuva kupinda kwemakemikari simba akanyudzwa mukati aumba Organic yeimwe. nemakemikari zvose muitiro uyu yakaoma, yakavakwa muna maitikiro mbiri, anonzi photosynthesis. Zvinobikwa transformations izvi zvinova starch sezvo kuchengeterwa kuti chirimwa zvinovaka muviri uye okisijeni gasi - seinokonzera upenyu redu.

Zvinova pachena kuti pasina photosynthesis paisazova noupenyu. Uye pasina chiedza chezuva hakusi muitiro. Saka, simba rwokuzvarwa chezuva uye kumwewo chiedza - mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa kukura zvinomera. Basa izvi zvinhu takatsunga.

Mapoka inoverengeka zvipenyu vangazivikanwa kunogumira chiedza.

1. Mumvuri zvirimwa. Vamiririri kwakadaro havagoni kushivirira yakananga chezuva, havana chiedza chete pasi vakapararira chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, zvakawanda yedondo miriwo, rakagumbatirwa pasi pomumvuri miti - huni zvakarungwa, maianthemum, backache, saxifrage, Corydalis, snowdrop, Mountain Girl, bluebell, Ivy, bracken, celandine uye nevamwe.
2. Mumvuri-anoshivirira. Zvirimwa izvi vanosarudza mwero chiedza uye zvakakwana akashivirira kunyange refu kudzima magetsi, somuenzaniso. Zvisinei, chiedza chezuva richiri kudiwa uye kuona pfupi zvakananga chezuva sei chokwadi. Izvi Somuenzaniso, currants, seruva, blueberries, elderberries, cranberries, chisimbiso yaSoromoni, cuff nezvimwe.
3. Photophilic - zvirimwa kuti vari vanoshayiwa zvikuru inobwinya zvakananga chezuva. Chete pasi izvi ezvinhu chirongwa photosynthesis anotora nokukurumidza uye zvachose kuaisa. Mienzaniso: The mai coltsfoot, apila, lavender, immortelle, Melissa, lotus maruva, mvura maruva, rekushongedzesa, cacti vakawanda mumiti, uye vamwe.

Saka, chii zvirimwa vanofanira kurarama pakutanga? Chiedza chezuva, inova huru tsime chirimwa kwacho - photosynthesis.

mvura Meaning

Dioxide, rehydrogen ndiyo nyaya chinokosha muupenyu, kwete chete zvinomera, asiwo vose zvipenyu panyika. Zvinozivikanwa kuti upenyu Panyika unoitwa zvichibvira nokuvapo mvura. Naizvozvo, mutengo wayo rakaoma kuona. solvent Universal umo nokukanganisika kuitike zvose zvipenyu muviri, chinhu chinokosha STRUCTURAL chikamu, mumwe chezvinonhuwira muchitokisi.

Kukosha mvura mupudzi upenyu hakuna kumboderera pane chiedza chezuva. Nekuti mvura kunoita turgor kumanikidza muchitokisi pamadziro, zviri voitakura ose chokufambisa kwokubatana, zviri - ezvinhu kuti nemakemikari. Muchidimbu, mvura nokuda miti - kunobva simba.

Havasi vose nemiti iri zvakafanana akarondedzera mvura yaro uwandu. Saka, pane zvikuru zvitatu mapoka zvemhoteredzo zvinomera pakureva rehydrogen oxide.

1. Xerophytes - vagere kupfuura dzisinganayi kunzvimbo, izvo vakakwanisa kuchinja kushaya unyoro. Mienzaniso: The mugwenga uye Semi-gwenga miti, vagari mugungwa kumiganhu. Eschscholzia, cacti, gorosi uswa, pamhenderekedzo uswa, briofillum, ngamera munzwa uye zvichingodaro.
2. Mesophytes - vagere munzvimbo ine mwero mvura. chirimwa ichi Mafuro, dondo vanogara. Kazhinji kushandisa kuti ivhu nyoro, asi haagoni kushivirira kunyanyisa unyoro kana kwemvura. Timothy, camomile the, cornflower, Burnet, Vanya, Lilac, Hazel, apila, lungwort, goldenrod, zvose Deciduous pamiti.
3. Hydrophytes. zvirimwa akadaro yakanaka anzwe kana vari zvisina kukwana mumvura (mvura yakachena, munyu), kana kuti kunyudzwa zvachose mariri. Mienzaniso: algae, mvura buttercup, hornworts, maruva, posedonii, pondweed, altemii, mollusk, uye vamwe.

Saka, chii zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti zvinomera upenyu? Water zvaisanganisira dzavo mazita.

Basa tembiricha

Warm mazuva vose vapenyu venyama nomufaro. Zvisinei, pakati zvirimwa, pane vaya vanotsungirira tembiricha yakaderera zvikuru nyore. Miti yose kasvisto pazvinhu chinhu ichi inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvitatu.

1. Thermophilic. Mamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa upenyu miti boka iri, - a tembiricha parameter pazasi 5 ⁰ C. The optimum mumwe wavo ndiye anenge + 25-26 ⁰ C. miti yakadaro kushivirira inopinza nokufamba mukati tembiricha, haagoni kukunda kunyange chiedza frosts. Mienzaniso: mupunga, donje, but, nemichindwe, mabhanana, zvinenge zvose vagere dzinopisa uye subtropical.
2. Cold nemishonga zvirimwa. Zvisinei, vanosarudza mwero tembiricha vanokwanisa kutakura uye vakanaka pasi, achigura chando pasina kukuvara. Mienzaniso: nembatatisi, zvose mudzi miriwo, hanyanisi, marudzi mazhinji crucifers, bota nevamwe.
3. Chando nemishonga. Kukwanisa kupedza chando pasi chando jira, ukaramba chinhanho. Mienzaniso inosanganisira vakadaro Horticultural zvirimwa zvakadai rhubarb, perennial hanyanisi, gariki, zvakarungwa, uye vamwe.

Mhedziso: tembiricha kudzorwa - chinhu ezvinhu anokosha kwomuzvarirwo kukura zvinomera zvose panyika.

inorganic udyo

chinhu ichi kunokosha zvikuru kunyanya nokuda muchero, michero uye miriwo zvirimwa uchikudziridzwa murume. Zvechokwadi, muna vivo zvinomera nyuchi nzvimbo dzakadaro, anogona kuchinja. Kusanganisira kuti zviri chicherwa munyu muvhu.

Asi vamiririri tsika vanoda rubatsiro. muridzi ose anoziva yakaoma chicherwa fetiraiza zvinofanira kuitwa kuti zvimwe zvirimwa kuti ndeyezvokwadi.

Kazhinji, zvicherwa - chinhu chinokosha simba vanhu, izvo wefodya miti kubva muvhu nokuda kubvisa nokuita zvokuishambidza nemvura. Asi chirimwa zvinokuvadza overabundance pamusoro fetiraiza, uye kushaya kwavo kunotungamirira sipidhi kukura uye murombo anokohwa.

mhepo Kuronga

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvinomera upenyu, kuwedzera kune apa? Uyewo chinokosha murwiyo dzedenga. Pashure pezvose, miriwo usiku, uyewo mamwe zvipenyu kufema, uchapedza okisijeni. Saka, zviri mumhepo kuti chakaipa kukura kwavo kunofanira kuva zvakakwana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pasi ezvinhu venzvimbo kuwanda zvinokuvadza magasi, guruva, notumwe tupukanana tusingaoneki uye miti vanonzwa zvakaipa chaizvo.

Biotic zvinhu zvavo rova

Isu akatarira vose abiotic zvikonzero zvirimwa upenyu. Heat, chiedza, mhepo, mvura - chikuru uye chinokosha mwoyo wavo wenguva kukura.

Biotic chete zvinhu - matambudziko avo akarikomberedza biomass, kureva, dzimwe zvinomera, mhuka, notumwe tupukanana tumbuyu, uye zvichingodaro. Kutarisa zvose zvine chokuita matambudziko aya ezvinhu, sainzi, ikoroji wakasikwa. Zvinofanira chete kucherechedzwa kuti biotic zvikonzero havasi kumboderera pane abiotic.

Huru mamiriro upenyu mumaruva zvirimwa

Environmental ezvinhu anodiwa kuti upenyu kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba, hazvina kusiyana nevaya dzatakurukura vose zvavo. Vanodawo chezuva, ushamwari, mvura, chicherwa muviri, kudzivirirwa zvipukanana.

maruva mumaruva kunzwa zvakanaka uye tarirai yakanaka, zvinokosha kutaura navo somunhu mumwe nomumwe, kufungisisa peculiarities imwe genus uye mhando mupudzi.