NAFTA - ndiko ... North American Free Trade Zone. NAFTA: zvinangwa uye zvinangwa

NAFTA - a North American vakasununguka wezvokutengeserana vematunhu, inova chibvumirano pakati nyika dzakadai America, Canada uye Mexico. On munharaunda inoti izvi rave akaumba nzvimbo musika chete. The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pakati inoti romusoro waro muna 1994. Pasi chibvumirano chibvumirano nyika, vari chikamu nokuwadzana, vakazvisimbisa vakazvipira vari gumi anotevera uye kubvisa zvachose tsika uye pasipoti ematongerwo. Uyewo, chibvumirano chakaitwa kuti asimbise mitemo paumbwe akanaka makwikwi uye pakusika zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu vakasununguka kufamba mabasa guru.

pamutemo zvinhu

Kubva epamutemo pfungwa nemaonero NAFTA - a modernized US-Canadian chibvumirano pamusoro vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, iyo yakasainwa muna 1988. Kana tikaongorora chibvumirano pakati penyika mbiri somunhu enyika chakajairika, rinoshanda America pakarambwa pamanyorerwo muitiro kuEurope kusangana, kusanganisira dzidzo, kwakaitika muna 1992.

NAFTA inotsigira pfungwa pamusoro muenzaniso European Union iri rutivi upfumi kusangana. Musiyano uri kushaya enyika Kuzvipira kuti paumbwe supranational miviri. Izvi imhaka dzakabudirira kuti Kusiyanisa: America uye Canada zvikuru dzakabudirira kumatunhu, uye Mexico - chiri vachishingaira kutanga nzvimbo. NAFTA zviri chakasiyana dzeEU pamusoro nhamba, asi nokure izvozvo, kwete chete maererano GDP, asiwo ouzivi vemo. Zvinogona kwakagumisa kuti ndiro NAFTA - iri pakukura zvoupfumi mubatanidzwa wenyika.

Chii vari vangangoramba pamwe akavhurika?

Nhengo Nyika NAFTA kuburikidza awedzera pamwe uye zvokutengeserana uye mamiriro ezveupfumi, saka kwete chete avhura itsva nzira kukura, paiva yose akatevedzana kurambidzwa. America iri zvishoma zvaitambidzwa mundima Mexico, maindasitiri kugadzirwa akatanga kupinza zvakasiyana-siyana nhumbi kubva nyika panguva yakaderera mitengo achienzaniswa kuti kupinzwa yakafanana zvigadzirwa kubva America.

Parallel vawedzere basa iri US basa pamusika sezvo nokupararira vanokwanisa kupinda Mexico. Yakawedzera dambudziko deflation. For Mexico, akazarura musuo kuti US pamusika uye vamwe dzakabudirira, bhuku yokumwe mubhizimisi kwakawedzera, kusanganisira anomukweretesa kuti upfumi hwenyika nehurumende yacho.

Panyaya yemari mibayiro, ivo kuti kusimukira kuva munhu mumwe chete angoramba hunhu. Vapfume akanzwa chete vepamusoro. Uchinyatsobatanidzwa chete nokushamwaridzana maumbirwo zvive Canada. Iye akakwanisa kunzvenga pamwero mukuru de-maindasitiri pamwe achiwedzera maindasitiri kunze kwenyika. The chikuru Basa Canada kwaiva kuita sezvo murevereri ukama pakati United States uye nyika Latin America.

Chii chinobatanidzwa mu pfungwa NAFTA?

The chete upfumi mapazi ari chaizvoizvo chine zvibvumirano, iyo inoshanda kwete chete kune mabasa uye mari, asi kunosanganisira pamwe zviri zvemari dzakabudirira. Urongwa zvinosanganisira urongwa maererano bhizimisi mabasa kuNorth America vanosanganisira:

• Access kune misika inivhesitimendi.
• Inopikira.
• Services nevakangwara kodzero.
• Government zvokuvakisa.
• Matanho zvinoenderana nemitemo.
• Pasuo vanamuzvinabhizimisi.
• Conflict chisarudzo.

Nokubatira Member States

The chete upfumi mapazi kwakaitwa nhengo inoti zvimwe zvinhu zvimwe. Saka, America, Canada uye Mexico vanosungirwa kuchengeta zvavo National netsika tariffs, ari zvatinoita kutengeserana munyika rechitatu.

Aifarirwa vakasununguka kufamba kwenhumbi pashure Transitional kwemakore 10 (dzimwe nguva kwemakore 15) munharaunda zvoupfumi kubatana. The mutemo zvinoshandawo zvinhu kuti vanozivikanwa kusunungurwa muUnited States, Mexico uye Canada. The chibvumirano rinotarisira kuwedzera zvinhu wezvokutengeserana mu mabasa, rakamiswa yakawiriranwa inivhesitimendi mashandiro.

The chibvumirano aiva Reservations pamusoro kwekanguva kudzorerwa nedziviriro vamwe maindasitiri, izvo vakatambura nazvo pamusana kupinzwa vamwe Mapato nhumbi. NAFTA nyika, ndandanda dzakapiwa kumusoro, vanofanira kutevera vamwe kunze kuti mukuru hurumende chokusarudza mamiriro ezveupfumi.

Kunze kune mutemo

Muchirwisa colour kutanga mapazi pachena kutengeserana pane nguva kuti murege kuwirirana sungano. Saka, mukati ushamwari NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) kuramba kushandisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

• Mexico wachengeta kodzero zvehurumende dzimwe mabasa mumafuta chidimbu.
• Canada anekodzero kukurambidza kuwana zvimwe zvikamu mashoko kuti vane mumwe kukosha mune tsika mativi. nhepfenyuro iyi uye kugadzirwa mafirimu, chinyorwa mabhuku uye kugadzirwa zvinyorwa.
• The United States rakaramba kodzero kutsigira imwe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri pamwero wechipfuwo mitengo, pamusoro kuchengetedza zvokuvakisa enyika ari zvokurima zvekutepfenyura zvakanaka.

Specificity of zvibviswe mabasa

zvigadzirwa zvose yechinangwa pamwe vanokamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Izvi boka indasitiri (kunze Whitehead Textile zvigadzirwa), zvokurima Group Whitehead Textile uye zvipfeko zvichibatanidzwa. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe chigadzirwa muboka iri yaingowanikwa nomumwe purogiramu yako mari rutapudzo. Zvinofanira akati pamusoro kwakakwana kubviswa tariffs, kuti akasiyana mapoka zvigadzirwa. Nokufamba kwenguva chinangwa kubatana pakati NAFTA anoisa zvikuru zvikuru. Mumakore 5-15 zvinonzi aronga ubvise dzakawanda mabasa.

Bhizimisi mabasa ari kuumbwa nokuwadzana, etc.

Sezvo chikamu kushamwaridzana NAFTA nyika vane nhengo dziri pamusoro, pane 5 chikuru Misimboti kudzivirirwa vatorwa vanoita uye ravo guru. Ivo:

• Kusavapo rusarura mune investor zvekutepfenyura.
• Kubviswa zvakakwana zvinodiwa zvose vanoita uye mipiro yavo.
• Free kufamba vose mari Rwako, izvo chokuita inivhesitimendi zvakananga.
• Expropriation (kunyange pasi mutemo dzakawanda).
• Vhura kodzero anoshandawo dzeutongi nyika dzakawanda chinzvimbo pamberi kutyorwa mugadziriro yesungano.

The chibvumirano anopa kuita kuti kutyora kodzero pamusoro patents, trademarks nevakangwara pfuma. Current mitemo, izvo anobvumira kuona nzvimbo kweShanduro chinhu. Saka, mushonga wacho basa neHurumende mundima aakanga ari kukonzera kubudiswa (dzaona ave chikamu).

kusonganirana zvinangwa

NAFTA - huru-pamwero romunharaunda chakazvimiririra kutengeserana mapazi rine vanhu pakati mamiriyoni 406 vanhu uye GDP kwose $ 10.3 tiririyoni. Órgãos tandem nokuda vanoverengeka parameters uye mazita zvinangwa, izvo zvaifanira kuitwa. The prerequisites yeidzi ndeinotevera:

• The Kuronga NAFTA nokuda nenzvimbo napedyo kwenhengo States. Uyezve, mamiriro upfumi, sokunge wezvikamu muedzo. Chete chinhu kwakaita uye kushamwaridzana mamiriro naphthyl. Dzimbahwe wemasangano haasi mumwe. Ndivo zvitatu: kuOttawa, Washington uye Mexico City.
• Between inoti vagara aripo pedyo noukama uye zvokutengeserana noushamwari kwoupfumi, paiva pakuwedzera maindasitiri pamwe.
• In Canada uye Mexico, nhamba makambani US vari zvakanyatsorongwa zvawanzwa. In America vanowanda Canadian multinationals.
• Kushingaira kusimbisa nzvimbo kwete EU asiwo Japan.

Kwazvo zvakajeka, kuti NAFTA kushamwaridzana yakaumbwa nokuda kwezvikonzero. Kutora nyika, kusaina chibvumirano, kuwedzera kubudirira Kudyidzana uye vakatevera wandei nezvinangwa. intensification ichi wezvokutengeserana kuburikidza kuchaitwa upi yairambidzwa kuumba utano Kukwikwidzana kunoita, achikwezva mari, ichipa yakakwirira azvipire kudzivirira rezvedzidzo pfuma. The mubatanidzwa harimiri kukura uye nhasi, nguva dzose kuwedzera ayo zvoupenyu simba.