Makore oupenyu Hristofora Kolumba: Biography, nzendo, zvakawanikwa

Pasinei chokwadi kuti yakakurumbira aiongorora akakwanisa kuwana America nerubatsiro Mambo Spain, aiva chizvarwa Italy. Makore muduku upenyu Hristofora Kolumba kwakaitika pakunzwisisa Apennine kweItari. Akanga akaberekerwa kuGenoa muna 1451, uye akanga akadzidza paYunivhesiti Pavia. Kubva pakuzvarwa akagara pedyo negungwa uye vakasarudza akazvipira kuenda. Ndirwowo ndechokuti makore eupenyu Hristofora Kolumba kwakaitika nguva nenzvimbo matongo, kana vokuEurope vakasiya mvura yeGungwa reMediterranean ndokutanga kutsvaka nzira India.

Kutanga kufamba

hurumende Christian mari kuvafambisi vengarava kuti kuwana zvinodhura kupfuma. Kunyange asati Columbus Portuguese vatsvakurudzi akaenda kumabvazuva achitevedza mhenderekedzo Africa. Munguva 70s, Christopher akasarudza kuwana nzira kunyika kure nechekumadokero nzira. Maererano Masvomhu ake, tinofanira kuenda kuti mirayiridzo iri Latitude of Canary Islands, pashure pacho pachava zvinobvira kusvika pamhenderekedzo Japan.

Panguva iyoyo aigara Portugal, yaiva musimboti vose European wekushandisa. Iye muchirongwa rwendo kuna Guinea, uko Elmina nhare yakavakwa muna 1481. Panguva iyoyowo chinzvimbo mutsvakurudzi akashanyira England, Iceland uye Ireland, apo akaziva pamusoro dzeko ngano pamusoro Vinland. Saka pamazuva akare, VaViking rinonzi nyika yavo rakashama. Yakanga kumahombekombe North America. Nokuti kuti kuMiddle Ages hapana Links simba pakati wechihedheni uye Christian Europe, dzekuma Scandinavia, zvakawanikwa dzisina kucherechedzwa.

sangano kufamba kumavirira

Kwemakore akawanda, upenyu Hristofora Kolumba kunge apedza pamusoro kuedza hurumende kana vatengesi siyana vabvume mari yakarongwa rwendo rwake kumavirira. Pakutanga, akaedza kuwana mutauro nevakawanda vane NEGOTIANT kubva ake chizvarwa kuGenoa, asi vakaramba pangozi mari yavo. Muna 1483, basa ukauyiswa patafura yechiPutukezi King João II. Akarambawo ane ngozi raaiita.

Pashure chipingamupinyi ichi, Christopher akaenda Spain. Ikoko akakwanisa kutsvaga kutsigirwa yomunharaunda madzishe, uyo akauya kuna mambo uye navahosi. Spain pamutemo hariko. Asi, paiva miviri inoti - Castile uye Aragon. The muchato vatongi vavo (Ferdinand uye Isabella) inobatanidza korona zviviri chete. The Vaviri akapa vateereri kuti aidzidzisa. Akagadzwa kuti basa, waiva rokuongorora mari uye sei izvi anoruramiswa nokuda Treasury. Migumisiro yokutanga vakanga mwoyo nokuda Columbus. Akaramba uye aida adzokorore gwaro. Akabva akaedza kutaurirana mambo England uye Portugal (zvakare).

Chibvumirano ne Spain

Muna 1492, Spain vakabata Granada uye kudzidza Reconquista - kudzingwa wechiMuzirimu kubva Iberian Peninsula. Mambo uye navahosi zvakare vasunungurwa dzezvematongerwo enyika uye mubasa rwendo pakati muColumbus. Shoko rokupedzisira akati Isabella, uyo akabvuma akarara kunyange zvose zvavo pachavo pfuma uye zvishongo kuitira kuti ngarava uye zvokudya. Kumufambisi Wechikepe akavimbiswa kuti aizova viceroy dzose dzaakanga anovhura. Ndirwowo musoro wake anokudzwa uye Admiral eGungwa Ocean, akabva apiwa.

Kuwedzera kune weColombia zviremera yakabatsira muridzi Martin Alonso Pinzón, uyo akapa mumwe zvikepe zvavo ( "Pinta"). Yokutanga rwendo hwaibatanidzwawo Karakka "Santa Maria" uye chikepe "Nina". Vose chikwata ane vanhu zana vakanga nidzwa.

Wokutanga rwendo

Years Hristofora Kolumba upenyu akapedzerwa. Akazokwanisa kuziva kurota kwake. Vakawanda mashoko rwendo rwake rwokutanga kumavirira akatizivisa kuonga muchikepe nerogi, izvo akaramba ose zuva. Zvinyorwa izvi chinokosha Vanochengetwa nokuti kuti mupristi Bartolomé de las Casas mumakore mashoma kwakaita kopi bepa.

August 3, ngarava 1492 Spanish akasiya chiteshi. September 16 yakavhurwa Sea Sargasso. October 13 mugwara ngarava yakanga isingazivikanwi nyika. Columbus asvika chitsuwa akavaka pamusoro payo nomureza pamusoro Castile. Akanzi San Salvador. Pano vokuSpain kutanga aona fodya, donje, chibage uye mbatatisi.

With Aboriginal Columbus vawana kuvapo chitsuwa chikuru, waiva zvishoma kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Yakanga Cuba. Ipapo rwendo vachiri kudavira kuti pane imwe nzvimbo muna East Asia. Vamwe Aboriginal zvendarama akawanikwa kuti akafemera chikwata kuramba kutsvaka pfuma.

zvimwe zvakawanwa

December 6, akazarura chitsuwa kuHaiti, iyo zvino rainzi Hispaniola. Kunyange asati kuti, mumwe zvikepe "Pinta" raiva kunze kudzorwa Columbus, uye mukuru akaenda kunotsvaka chimwe chitsuwa, izvo zvichipomerwa vaiva pfuma.

December 25, "Santa Maria" akauya mhiri the reef, pashure iyo kwake vashandi akaramba muHaiti pamwe zvokushandisa gore nhumbi kuzvidzivirira. Columbus yekupedzisira chikepe "Nina" akaenda Europe. Munziramo akasangana "Pinto", iro akaramba rwendo musha.

Kudzokera Europe

Muna March, kunorwa akadzokera Spain uko pakupedzisira akava anozivikanwa zvakawanwa Hristofora Kolumba. Yaiva chishamiso chaiyo vokuEurope, uyo kutanga akaona maIndia, akatorwa kubva muzvitsuwa mungarava "Nini". The rwendo Hristofora Kolumba akauya nezvipo varo zvizhinji kure zvisingaoneki hunhu - .. New zvinomera, michero, etc. Mashoko kubudirira vokuSpain kwakaita kuti musara nedzenyu. Kunyange pakati XV remakore, Portugal akagamuchira kubva papa kodzero kumahombekombe kuzviisa pasi akazarura kunze African Cape Bohador. Sezvo zvakanga vaidavira kuti kuwanikwa zviwi zviri chikamu India, anotaura pakati masimba maviri dzavo pamutemo.

Muna 1494, pasi Mediation Papa Roma yakanga yakasainwa Chibvumirano Tordesillas, iyo vaiva munyika idzi delimited nokuda Latitude of Cape Verde.

The rwendo rwechipiri

Kunyange asati kuti kutanga rechipiri rwendo Hristofora Kolumba. Panguva ino, pasi wake wokuti, atova zvikepe 17. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti Admiral zvino vanofadzwa zvikuru nyasha namambo, mambokadzi uye vazhinji Spanish madzishe, uyo nokuzvidira akatanga kumupa mari nokuti rwendo.

Rwendo wechipiri Hristofora Kolumba rakanga rakasiyana pakutanga zvichiri uye Kuronga chikwata. nguva ino zvikepe havana chete mugungwa. Akawedzerwa zvemamongi uye mamishinari kuti kubhabhatidza zvizvarwa zvemo. Uyewo, nzvimbo yaro rakatorwa machinda namachinda vaiva kuronga upenyu nyuchi zvechigarire kumadokero.

Mukati memazuva 20 okufamba yakavhurwa Dominica uye Guadeloupe, apo akararama Caribs, kusiyaniswa hwehasha nemafungiro kurutivi vavakidzani rugare. The kokutanga navo pamhenderekedzo pachitsuwa Santa Cruz. Panguva rezvitsuwa Virginia uye Puerto Rico yakawanikwa.

The Colonisation neezviwi

The chikwata aida kuenda vafambisi akasiya muHaiti panguva yokutanga rwendo. chete mitumbi uye zvisaririra vakanga pana nzvimbo dzavarwi. Panguva iyoyo vakanga yakavakirwa nhare La Isabella uye Santo Domingo. Zvichakadai, hurumende Spanish vakasarudza uchatamisa oga kodzero mumwe aidzidzisa Columbus - Amerigo Vespucci. Christopher akazoziva nezvazvo, akaenda Europe kuti aratidze kuti haana mhosva. Mudare ramambo, akati kuti ratosvika Asia (chaizvoizvo zvakanga Cuba). Hristofor Kolumb zvakare kairatidza kuti chete pane goridhe uye zvino pasi idzva nzendo vanogona kushandisa mujeri basa hombe zvoupfumi zvikomborero.

Wechitatu rwendo

Saka akatanga rwendo rwechitatu Hristofora Kolumba. Muna 1498 zvikepe ake skirted Haiti akaenda kumaodzanyemba, apo, pamusoro mharidzo romutungamiriri, vaifanira kuva migodhi yendarama. Saka zvakanzi vawana chitsuwa Trinidad, uye muromo wacho Orinoco River muVenezuela nhasi. Paakaita rwendo urwu, kuti rwendo vakadzokera kuHaiti (Hispaniola), apo vepo colonists kare vanoita bope. Havana kufarira chii vanopiwa nyika shoma. Yakanga vakasarudza kutora kugadzirisa veko maIndia sevaranda uye kuwedzera pachedu Holdings.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kugadzirisa huru dambudziko, inosidzikwa isu zvakawanwa Hristofora Kolumba. In Spain achiri asina kugamuchira goridhe. Zvichakadai, Portuguese aidzidzisa Vasco da Gama akakwanisa kusvika India chaiye. Maererano sungano Castile iye vakagumisa Africa uye akaonekwa zvikuru yokufungidzira nyika. Kubva ipapo akauya kuna Portugal zvinonhuwira zvinodhura kuti dzakanga dzisipo Europe. Vakanga aikoshesa shoma.

The Spanish Zviremera, tichiziva kuti anotamba yomugungwa rudzi wokwako, akasarudza kurega munhu anotambura pamusoro Columbus tsvakurudzo. akanga ari mutariri wedunhu vakadzokera Europe.

The rwendo chechina

History Hristofora Kolumba angadai kupera zvikuru kana akanga achiri kubudirira rwendo haana akamuka yakawanda neshamwari vakakurumbira - magnates uye vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata. Vakanyengerera King Ferdinand kune Kumufambisi Wechikepe mumwe mukana uye kupinda rwendo wechina.

Panguva ino, Columbus akafunga zvokuenda zvakafanira kumavirira, unopfuura zvitsuwa zvakawanda. Naizvozvo akarivhura kumahombekombe ano Central America - Honduras uye Panama. Zvakava pachena kuti Atlantic Ocean vavhara dzimwe yakakura. September 12, 1503 Columbus nokusingaperi akavasiya kuzarura chitsuwa uye vakadzokera Spain. Ikoko akarwara zvokuda kufa.

Rufu uye kukosha Zvakawanikwa

Kubva panguva iyi Zvakawanikwa kuita mamwe vezvikepe, uye kwete Hristofor Kolumb. America rava magineti kuti vakawanda zvarisingazivi uye achida vazvipfumise. Life Hristofora Kolumba, Zvichakadai, zvakaomesa chirwere. Akafa May 20, 1506 ava nemakore nemakore 54. kurasikirwa iyi yakaramba husingakuvadzi rwakaonekwa kuSpain. Kukosha Zvakawanikwa Columbus akava pachena chete pashure mashomanana emakore, kana conquistadors yakawanikwa nendarama America. Izvi akabvumira Spain kuti vazvipfumise uye kwemazana emakore akawanda kuti vave monarchies zvikuru European.