Loire - rwizi muFrance: tsananguro

Izvi rwizi zvinoshamisa kwemazana emakore kwave rimwe waterways chinonyanya kukosha kuti akatungamirira kubva muzinda France mumakungwa zvenyika. Uye pano vaiva nezvikepe makuru kubva kuAtlantic kusvika mamiriro mwoyo. Nhasi, rwizi navigable, asi pakati nyika nzira yapera. Kudeuka rwizi muFrance - Laura.

Zvuru zviviri apfuura kutumirwa yambokurukurwa zvikuru murwizi. Pano kubvira IX remakore yaiitisa rokuvaka iri kuvakwa madhamu kuchengetedza nemisha dzevanhu uye zvinodiwa wekushandisa. Asi kazhinji mai haisi kukwanisa kubata zhinji hombe nezvimwewo rwizi (1856 uye 1866 tsaona makore).

Tisati nezvazvo, tarisa chii dzimwe nzizi dzinoyerera nomunharaunda kweFrance.

French River: tsanangudzo pfupi

France ane vanoverengeka hydrological pfuma zvakakwana. Munyika ino, hapana kupwa ine makungwa nenzizi, ari kumbonyanya unozvidzora mugungwa ekunze unodziyirwa, kunonaya ichi- rose gore. Izvi, chokwadi, zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi kuti yose mvura kwava anenge kuchinja.

The kunzwisisa kunoita reservoirs France inosanganisira mazana madziva vashomashoma uye nenzizi huru. Asi pane munyika ino ine yayo peculiarity. Maererano aripo mazwi nenzizi France (fleuves) vanoonekwa mvura zvakananga inoyerera ichipinda mumakungwa. Uye kune munyika ino - 131, uye chete 10 vavo (Loire, Rhine, ivo Rhone, ivo Meuse, ivo Garonne, ivo Seine, ivo Charente, Dordogne, kuti Scheldt uye Adour) vane kureba pamusoro 300? Km. Uye zvose izvi nzizi nembiya kugara anopfuura zviuru 400. Square makiromita mundima yose wehurumende (pamusoro 70%).

nzizi idzi uye France ndivo vanonyanya headers. Vhoriyamu kuyerera iri miromo vane anotevera tsika: Loire - 931, Raine - 2300, Rhone - 1690, Maas - 400 Garonne - 650, Sung - 563, Charente - 49 Dordogne - 380 Scheldt (mu cubic metres / chik.) - 104 Adour - 350. kwavo zvachose wepagore kuungana remvura zvachose gobvu anenge 40-45% of yose gore negore vhoriyamu nokuda yose France. Inenge 33-34% ndiyo nzizi inoyerera mugungwa racho Rhone, ivo Loire, Dordogne, Seine, Garonne, Adour uye Charente. Reservoirs kuti siya mvura mukati France - Meuse, Rhine uye Scheldt.

Loire River: Options

Mainozonodira Atlantic Ocean iri munharaunda France. 1020 makiromita nokureba rwizi Loire. The mepu inoratidza kuti zviri zvechokwadi wakarebesa. bheseni Its ndokwenguva nzvimbo dzinopfuura 115 000 sq. km rinomirira vanopfuura 20% muna yakaoma France, maererano nako ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye kukosha rwizi munyika.

gang

Kwakatangira mashoko Loire anotora pedyo musha muduku unonzi St. Eulalie (weDhipatimendi Ardeche), iri kumabvazuva Massif Central. Kukwirira nzvimbo ino ndiyo 1408 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

River kuFrance parwendo wayo chinoyambuka kuchamhembe uye nechokumabvazuva nemitenusirwa siyana, uye ipapo anowana pamusoro Paris Basin nharaunda (nebani North French). Munzvimbo idzi, kuerera mwero anodonhedza zvinoshamisa, uye anochinja kuva kumbonyanya yakanyarara rwizi ruchiyerera mhiri pabani pamwe shoals uye Zatoka. On Mahombekombe ayo dzakawanda muFrance, akadai Roanne, Orleans, Angers, Nevers, Blois, Tours uye Nantes. City musi River Loire Saint-Nazaire ari pfungwa confluence of Atlantic Ocean.

Nzira rwizi pakutanga anomhanya kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro kuguta Orleans, pashure iyo rotates kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirira kuguta Nantes. Zvadaro, rwizi anotakura mvura yaro kuna Atlantic Ocean, haasi kuchinja mirayiridzo.

rubatsiro

Loire - rwizi, huchibva pamusoro paneshongwe Musara (kuputika), anonzi Gerbier of Jons (dhipatimendi Ardeche, mu kuwanda luckkuva uye Vivarais). About 150 chete kubva kuGungwa reMediterranean zvaanobata Meridian mirayiridzo kuchamhembe.

Mountain rwizi nokukurumidza kukuru pamusoro kumbonyanya matombo pakati guru girenayiti boulders of Massif Central. It chinokunda makomo luckkuva sekristaro mamiriro (umo mune akawanda pemipata) uye makomo akapoteredza Buter muna Faure, muna Beaujolais, Lyon uye Madeleine.

Loire rwizi muoti, njodzi

In Mumatsutso nechando rwizi kukasawedzerwa Mediterranean kunaya uye gungwa sediments, uye muchirimo snowmelt uye mvura yomugungwa. Muchirimo, kuti dziva riri varombo mvura. Ndechipi chikonzero, tarisa inotevera.

Nzvimbo idzi dzinoratidzwa ne kamwe nokufamba okunze, izvo yekudyidzana kuchinja mamiriro erwizi. Mune rimwe asi akaoma yechirimo Loire zvikuru dzakachinjwa. Zvino utsinye okunze zvarakasiya kazhinji kusvika nemafashamo tsika. Pane siyana zvakasikwa. Autumn Mediterranean washington chakaitika muna October uye September, ukuwo, 1846 uye 1866., Heavy mvura yomugungwa (chando 1910 uye 1936, azvaitwa.) Uye mazhinji chitubu mvura pamwe unopinza pakarepo kunyunguduka chando (mangwanani muzhizha 1856).

rechibharo

Loire Nde rechibharo (kuruboshwe kubhengi) - River Allier. Its kureba 421 makiromita, mvura iyerere mwero - paavhareji 140 m³ / s. Vanopfuura 14 300 km² - imwe nzvimbo bheseni.

Mvura Allier ane yakadereresa pamwero muzhizha (July kuna September). Chinenge chiri rakamiswa muna Massif Central. Kutungamirirwa aibuda rwizi kunyanya rwokumusoro. Mumhenderekedzo rinopfuurira chimwe chezvinhu yakanaka French maguta - Moulin (guru eponymous wedhipatimendi).

rwizi urwu rakasiyana nemamwe kuti mvura yaro hove vagere yepanyama kwezvakatipoteredza - Freshwater grayling.

Medieval shongwe, nzvimbo mubereko

Loir Valley ane hombe siyana wakanaka yekare mapurani zvivako: nhare yamambo, maguta ekare, uye zvichingodaro. Vanotakura kare inonakidza zvinoshamisa France.

Medieval shongwe kamwe vakapupurira akasiyana-siyana zviitiko zvechiuto. Naizvozvo ikava zvivako akanaka, vava nzvimbo huru netsika uye uri (vakanga vachiteerera mimhanzi guru, uchiona mifananidzo yakanaka akaratidza kunoshamisa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba, kunyora uye kuverenga nhetembo, enganonyorwa, uye vamwe vakawanda. Al.). Ndiwo zvikuru, anenge upenyu hwaAbhigairi hwaizova mumupata.

The chikuru nhare idzi dzinoshamisa nzvimbo - Amboise, Langeais, Chenonceau, Azay-le-Rideau, Blois, Chaumont-sur-Loire, Chambord uye Valanse. Zvikuru Loire Valley, chiri pakati Chalon uye Sully-sur-Loire akanga akanyorwa ari UNESCO World pfuma muna 2000.

Ndosaka Loire - rwizi, rinonziwo zvamambo, uye ayo mupata - mumunda youmambo France, kana muchato rokwe munyika.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, zvinosuwisa, zvakaipa kuvhiyiwa anoitwa rokuchenesa pasi Loire simbi kunokonzera kuparadzwa kunoshamisa okuberekwa mapurani hurongwa - Stay Bridge (1978).

Kukosha murwizi kuti nyika

River mu France kunokosha muzvinhu zvakawanda. Kunyanya Loire - rwizi (sezvo Ron p.), Ndezvipi zvinokosha zvikuru kubudisa simba nokuda nyika. Ndima yayo chiri kuvakwa (ari kumusoro bheseni) ndivo zvipingamupinyi zviviri: Nossal uye Villerest (Alo rwizi dhishi), vashandi nhasi zvikurukuru kutonhora zvenyukireya reactors, riri munzvimbo mana muFrance.

Uyezve, rwizi hwakabatana vakawanda migero Seine (Niver uye Briarsky) ne rwizi Saône (nechepakati), kuti p. Cher (Berry). Mvura navigable chete pamusoro nechokumusoro kwerwizi Nantes.

Zvinofanira, tinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti Loire - rwizi kuti achasimudzira kukura zvokurima uye ushanyi.

In kwemamiriro pool zvinhu

Mangondo murwizi vanotsauka kubva gore negore. Muchirimo, kana Loire uzere yakawanda uchanyangadika mvura kubva huru dziva nharaunda, ayo Continental pasherefu pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu hombe guru mvura "dzichidzungaira". Zviri simba ravo akatakura mvura kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye vakawanda shoals zvitsva kuitika munharaunda vanobwembura murwizi apo kuerera unodiwa kunoderedza.

Kamwe thawed mvura inaye, Loire anodzoka zvekare mumhenderekedzo. Ungawana kuti pasherefu dziri dzimwe nzvimbo, asi kwete apo zvakanga muzvirevo gore. Zvakaratidza kuti murwizi muFrance nerimwe gore zvishoma, asi anochinja chimiro apo cornering.

The rwizi ane hunhu yaingowanikwa pakati kuerera. Nezvokumutswa guru catchment nharaunda iri repasi Loire vadzore kazhinji nezvimwewo. Kazhinji pane kamwe nokupenya mafashamo nokuda ndima refu mvura iri yakaoma France, pashure izvo Loire rechibharo kuunza ayo gwara makuru vhoriyamu mvura.

Naizvozvo, pane zviitiko apo estuary mvura vhoriyamu aibuda inowedzera zvikuru kusvika 7000 mamita ³ / s (mafashamo nguva). Rakapinza kuderera mumvura pamwero ndiyewo Kazhinji munzvimbo idzi. Muna 1976, muguta Orleans zvakanzi vakanyorwa rekodhi kunwa mvura akabva aingova 22.4 mamita ³ (romuzvarirwo paavhareji kudyiwa panguva imwe nzvimbo iri 400 mamita ^3).