Lake Chebarkul - kuona kweKelyabinsk nzvimbo

Gungwa Chebarkul (mepu inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa) iri kuMuodzanyemba kweUrials, kumabvazuva kweUral Mountains, iri munzvimbo ye Chelyabinsk.

Title

Zita regungwa rinobva mukusanganiswa kwemitauro miviri - Bashkir neTatar.

• MuBashkir "sibur" zvinoreva "zvakanaka", "kul" - "lake".
• MuTatar mutauro "chybar" ndiwo "motley", "culd", uyewo munyaya yekutanga, "lake".

Saka zvakazoitika "yakanaka motley lake". Zvechokwadi, Lake Chebarkul (Chelyabinsk region) ndeimwe yemiti yakanaka kwazvo yemvura muUrials Switzerland. Kusiyana kwakapiwa kwaari nemiti yemvura, mune vazhinji vari kukura pamahombekombe ayo. Gungwa racho rakapa zita rayo kuguta riri kumhenderekedzo yaro kumabvazuva.

Nhoroondo

Vanhu vekare vaigara munzvimbo yegungwa makore 40 000 apfuura. Pasi kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwegungwa kune zvinyorwa zvinopfuura makumi mana zvezvokuchera matongo kubva panguva yeNeolithic kusvika pakutanga kwe Iron Age.

MuMiddle Ages nzvimbo yakatarisana negungwa yakagarwa uye yakagadzirwa nemadzinza evaTatars neBashkirs. Muzana remakore re XVII, kufambira mberi kwenharaunda iyi kwakatanga Cossack freemen, "vashandi" nevasununguka vakasununguka. Muna 1736 nhare yeKebarkul yakavakwa kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwegungwa. Akazadzikisa basa rekutenderera kwekutsvaga panguva yekuendesa zvokudya kumaguta ehurumende - Orenburg. Asi, pasinei nekuonekwa kwehare, Lake Chebarkul uye nzvimbo dzayo dzakapoteredza kwenguva yakareba utiziro hwevapambi uye dzimwe "vanhu vanovhiringidza." Mukurangarira nguva iyoyo, chimwe chezvitsuwa chinonzi "Robber".

Iyi nzvimbo uye kumutswa kwaPugachev hakuna kumbopfuura nzvimbo idzi. Muna 1774 nhare yakatorwa nevapanduki, munharaunda yavo uye pamwe nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yaiva musasa wavo. Kudzokera shure kwekukundwa kwemauto ehurumende, maPugachevites akapisa sarudzo. Mukudzorerwa kwakatevera kweimba yakatora makore maviri. Gare gare yakazova imwe yemaguta makuru muSouth Urals - guta reKebarkul (Chelyabinsk region).

Kutanga uye Geology

Chebarkul igungwa re tectonic yakabva. Vasayendisiti vemazera ake vanotsanangura anenge makore gumi nezviuru. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa iyi inonyanya kushandiswa nematombo, asi kune nzvimbo dzakaderera, nzvimbo dzine mvura. Matombo aya gneisses, quartzites uye pyroxenites. Nzvimbo yegungwa haina kukwana, kazhinji yakawanda.

Gungwa Chebarkul rine zviwi zvakawanda. Munharaunda yekuchamhembe - Kopeyka, Hama mbiri, Ship, Rogue, pedyo nechokumaodzanyemba igungwa reGolets uye kumaodzanyemba - guru-Grachev. Gungwa racho rinosvika kure mukati megungwa, rakafukidzwa nematombo epa peninsula Krutik, Nazarysh, Kosa, Lime, Cape Cape nevamwe. Kusina kukwana kwahwo kwakaita kuti kuve kwemahombekombe makuru uye maduku nemapako, anonzi "vagari vomunharaunda" nevanogara.

Tsanangudzo uye hydrology

Iyo yakakwirira kumusoro kwegungwa, iyo iyo dziva Chebarkul iripo, iri mamiriyoni 320. Inharaunda yacho ine 19.8 sq. M. Km. Iyo yakadzika yakadzika yegungwa iri mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri, upamhi hwepakati pehupamhi mamita matanhatu. Kune mamiriyoni gumi nemamiriyoni emamiriyoni mana muKebarkul. M wemvura. Iko kuchinja kwehuwandu hwayo hakuna huwandu - 1,25 m.Uye huwandu hwemvura huri muna June. Dziva racho rinopera munaNovember, uye kunyauka kwemvura kunopera muna May. Mvura yacho itsva, iyo inogadzirwa nemaminera mukati mayo inenge 0,369 kg pamatare.

Dziva racho rinodya nenzira yakavhenganiswa. Mumvura, mvura inonaya inowedzera. Asi basa rinokosha rinowedzerwa nenzizi duku. Muchiziva ichiyerera Elovka, chikepe chinobva kugungwa. Nyaya yemvura, mvura yemvura yeDudryashevka neKundurusha. MuRwizi rweKebarkul rinomuka. Koelga, achipinda mumudziyo weRwizi. Obie. Uyewo mune dziva kune matsime emvura.

Mvura iri mumvura yakadzika pasi pesimba rezvisikwa (yakaoma kana kuti, zvisinei, makore echando) yakashandura zvishoma. Asi mumakore ekuma1970 akatanga kukanganisa. Pakazosvika 1990, yakazosvika mamiriyoni 318 pamusoro pegungwa nemwero wemamiriyoni 320. Izvi zvakakonzerwa kwete neakawanda zvemakore akaoma, sezvakanyanya kudyirwa mvura yegungwa kune zvido zveKebarkul (Chelyabinsk region). Iyo fence haifaniri kudarika mamiriyoni matatu emamita cubic mamita pagore. Zvisinei, guta racho rakabva rapedza anenge mamiriyoni 8 cubic mamita. M yemvura mvura. Nhanho dzakatorwa kuti dzizadze gungwa - rwizi rwenzizi ruchiyerera mukati maro rwakawedzerwa, pipu yemvura kubva padziva reKambulatovsky yakavakwa, uye zvinyorwa zveusesien zvakaongororwa pedyo neguta. Zvose izvi zvakapa migumisiro yacho - kubvira muna 2000, mvura iri mugungwa yakatanga kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye muna 2007 iyo yehutano yakadzokera kune yakajairika.

Zvisikwa nemhuka

Paguta rekumadokero kweKebarkul iri dense coniferous forest. Iko kunewo zvisinganzwisisiki matanda eminda ekuSouth Ural plantings. Vanowedzerawo pazvinenge zvose zvitsuwa zvegungwa. Kumhenderekedzo yekumavirira, zvinomera zvemasango-mazamu anovapo - munda nemusango webharch mushoma uye masango emusango gungwa buckthorn. Pedyo nemvura, mhepo yemhepo, mhirizhonga, mabhuru inokura muhuwandu.

Gungwa Chebarkul rakapfuma mune sedge, mushi, rutsanga, rdest uye cattail. Kunyanya yakawanda zvizhinji zvezvirimwa izvi pedyo nechokumahombekombe kwebayi nemapako. Masango emiti iyi inzvimbo inofarira yehove uye hove inobereka. Pakati pezhizha, mvura inowanzosvibira, kunyanya mumakona akafanana.

Nyama yegungwa iyi inowanikwa mumakungwa eUral. Izvi chaizvoizvo hove-carp, crucian carp, tini, bream, pike, perch, ruff nevamwe. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotsigirwa neChebarkul Fishery Plant. Anobatawo hove. Gungwa iri rakazarurirwa kune vose vanofarira kubata hove, iyo inogona kudonha pairi gore rose.
Munharaunda yaro, kunyanya kumadokero, pane mbongoro, mahara, mapoka, dzimwe nguva mhuka dzinoonekwa. Mumakoko ane mapapiro, mhezi uye nyoka dzinonzwa dzichinetseka. Nyoka dzine chepfu dzinowanzoshanyira kuLake Chebarkul. Zororo pano zvinogona kugadzirirwa gore rose, zvisinei iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera nekudzivirira nzvimbo dzakasviba.

Chinhu chinofadza-meteorite

Nhasi, dziva reKebarkul rinozivikanwa pasi rese. Kuzivikanwa kwakadaro kwaiva chiitiko chinokosha. February 15, 2013 pamusoro penharaunda yeChelyabinsk munzvimbo yakakwirira anenge makiromita makumi mashanu ikoko kwaiva nekuputika kwemvura. Gungwa Chebarkul rakanga riri nzvimbo yekuwa kwechidimbu chinenge 600 kg. MunaSeptember wegore iroro, chikamu chayo (4.8 kg) yakasimudzwa kubva pasi. Iye zvino ari muChelyabinsk Museum of Local History.