Where is Murom? Guta reMurom muVladimir

Guta reMurom reVladimir munzvimbo yegore ra2012 raionekwa sechiitiko chekugara (chakange chisingabvumirwi nemamiriro ezvinhu aya nehurongwa hweUnited States of Culture of Russia). Icho chikepe chikuru chezvitima cheGorky Railway pedyo nomuganhu weMoscow-Kazan. Where is Murom? Kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweOka. Nharaunda yeVladimir iri makiromita 137. Kubva muna 2014, guta racho rine vanhu 111 474.

Historical background

Guta reMurom rakatanga kutaurwa muna 862 muTale of the Time. Panguva iyoyo akanga ari pasi pekutonga kwaMambo Rurik. 1127 yakarongedzwa nekugoverwa kwenyika ye Murom-Ryazan kune hutungamiri hwekutonga. Zvakaitika pasi pe Yaroslav Svyatoslavich. Somugumisiro, guta racho rakashandurwa zvakanyanya, rikava rakagadzirwa.

Nguva yeMoscow

Pakati pezana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu, apo Murom iri ikozvino, hondo yakaunganidzwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaIvan The Terrible nechinangwa chokufamba kuKazan. Nenguva imwechete inosanganisira kuvaka kwekutanga mumatemberi ematombo ebwe. Muzana ramakore gumi nemanomwe remakore, Murom yaifungidzirwa sechirongwa chikuru chekambani. Kubvira ipapo, guta racho rinozivikanwa nokuda kwekalachi.

Kuumbwa kwekuonekwa kwemu Muromoni kwakaitika mugumi nemapfumbamwe - kutanga kwemazana makumi maviri, sezvo moto mukuru wegore ra1792 ne 1805 wakaparadza zvizhinji zvezvivakwa zvekare zvehuni. Kuvakwa kweguta kwakaitwa zvichienderana nehurongwa hukuru hweIm Lem, hwakagamuchirwa naMudzimai Catherine II muna 1788. Maererano neiyo gwaro, apo Murom iripo, kuiswa kwemigwagwa kunofanira kuva kwakanyatsotarisana. Somugumisiro, guta racho rakatanga kuva nemakamuri akayera mamita 250x150 mamita. Iko kurongeka kwakagadziriswa muma1980. Panguva iyoyo, mumigwagwa yakakura yeMurom yakavhara dzimba dzakawanda dzekuwana maererano nechinangwa chemugadziri mukuru weguta reBaspalov.

XIX-XX yezana remakore

Apo Murom iripo, yakavaka yekutanga munharaunda yeVladimir mvura yekushandisa. Kusvika pakuguma uku, muna 1863, akavaka shongwe yemvura pamharadzano yemugwagwa. Kukwira kumusoro uye Krisimasi (nhasi Soviet naLenin, maererano). Kusvikira kuguma kwezana remakore muguta racho kwaiva nemichina uye masimbi akawanikwa, pamwe chete nekotoni uye mafirin-finning factory.

Muna 1919, simbi yekutanga yekutanga yakatanga kushanda muMurom, ichipa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa.

Population

Pakutanga kwezana ramakore makumi maviri nerimwe remakore, guta reMurom, Vladimir Region, pasinei nekuderera kukuru kwevanhu, zvikamu zvitatu shure kweVladimir naKovrov maererano nenhamba yevagari vemo. Mamiriro ehukama hwemagariro evatumi vemarudzi mashomanana uye vanhu vomunharaunda ye Murom yakagadzwa muguta. Ihwo huwandu hwevagari vemaRussia (95%). Mamwe mapoka emarudzi anosanganisira vaBerrusi, vaUkraine, vaTatars, vaCzech, vaJudha nePoles.

Motokari yemotokari

Guta reMurom (mufananidzo wekugadzirisa iri rinowanikwa munyaya yacho) igungano guru rezvitima. Yechikoro chekutanga mumakiromita 108 yakareba yakaonekwa muna 1808. Akabatanidza Moore naKovrov. Simba rayo risati raitwa, uye ikozvino iri imwe nzira yepamusoro nehukurukuro. Nzvimbo yacho, yakamiswa kunze kweguta, sezvo guta raikura, raive munzvimbo yaro. Mirefu ari kure-kure anoenda kuMurom kuSt. Petersburg, kuMoscow uye kumabvazuva kwenyika.

Rwizi rwekutakura

Kusvikira nguva yeperestroika, guta racho rakagadziridza rukafambisa rwizi runotaurirana naKasimov naNizhny Novgorod. Parizvino nguva dzezvikepe dzinoshanyira hazviwanzouya kuchiteshi chemahombekombe. Kunyange zvakadaro, muMurom kune rwizi rwe zaton rinobvumira kutora chero chitoro chero chipi zvacho pamvura.

Guta rekutakura

Vagari vomunharaunda vanowanzoshandisa mabhizimisi ekutengeserana uye masisimari kuti vatakure. 35 migwagwa yakagadzirwa. Muma1980, yakanga yakarongeka kuunza trolley bus line muguta. Kusvikira pakupedzisira, vakawedzera Lenin mumugwagwa, vakavaka kudarika pamusoro pezvitima ndokuchengetedza ndima iri pasi pechitoro kumadokero kwe Murom, asi basa racho harina kumboshandiswa.

Educational system

Dzidzo yehuruzhinji muguta iri ine midzi yakadzika: muna 1720 chikoro chakavhurwa kuMurumsky Muponesi-Chigodhi cheSunamende. Vana vevapristi vakanga vakadzidziswa mazviri. Gare gare yakachinjwa kuva Murom Theological School. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, mazita emitambo yakasiyana-siyana yakaonekwa, chikoro chaicho, chevakadzi uye chekutengeserana, uyewo zvikoro zveparochial.

Pari zvino, kune zvikoro makumi maviri, zvitatu zvekudzidzira masangano ekudzidzisa, zvikoro zvina zvechikoro chekudzidzisa, zvikoro zvitanhatu zveguta.

Theaters

Muchikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, Murom akazarura mifananidzo yake yemitambo. Zvinosuruvarisa, boka rezvenzvika rakaputsika nekutanga kweGreat Patriotic War, apo vazhinji vevadzidzisi vachisarudza kudzivirira nyika yavo kumigwenga.

Mushure mokunokunda muvengi mukirabhu. Lenin yakarongedzwa neVanhu's Theater of Operetta. Akatungamirirwa naPP. Radkovsky. Imba yeTsika yakavhurwa muMurom muna 1962. Parizvino, mapoka emaminetsi makumi matatu asingasviki anoshanda pachigadziko.

Nzvimbo dzinofadza

Guta reMurom pamapu eRussia rakaonekwa makore anopfuura chiuru akapfuura. Munguva iyi yakareba, pane zviitiko zvakawanda zvinotyisa zvakasiya chikwangwani chisingaoneki pamagadzirirwo emararamiro uye tsika dzemunharaunda ino.

Murom ndiro guta guru rezororo rerudo, mhuri uye kuvimbika. Zviuru zvevashanyi vanomhanyira kuguta rino kuti varemekedze chiyeuchidzo chevasande vemo - Petro naFevronia - vatariri vemhuri vanofara. Ari kupi guta reMurom? Munzvimbo inoshamisa inoshamisa! Kuti tifarire machechi emunharaunda nemamatare, zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora guta kubva kuOka.

The Annunciation Monastery

Yakatangwa naIvan the Terrible mukukudza kukunda Kazan. Pakutanga munzvimbo imwe chete yakamira chechi yekutanga muguta (matanda), yakagadzirwa panguva yekubhabhatidzwa kwaMurom. Parizvino, vafambi vakawanda vanouya ku Annunciation Monastery kunamata zvinyorwa zveMutsvene Murom mukuru Constantine.

Murom Historical uye Art Museum

Iyi nzvimbo inokwezva kwete chete kuratidzwa kwayo kwakaisvonaka, iyo yakatumidzwa zita reHermitage shoma, asiwo isiri yekare yekare. Pakupedzisira, chivakwa ichi chakanga chakagarwa nemutengesi akapfuma Zvorykin.

Green island

Okski munda wakakundwa muna 1852. Kubvira panguva iyo kusvikira panguva ino, chete zvipfeko zvikuru zvakapona. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi imwe yekanakisisa mu Murom, iyo iri kumusoro kumusoro kweOka, iri kumaodzanyemba kwegomo reKremlin.

Kuyeuka hero. Animbova Russia

Guta reMurom rakabatanidzwa kwemazana emakore neIya Muromets. Kuyeuka kwake pano kuchiri kuremekedzwa. Maererano nenhau, chiratidziro cheyi hero, uyo akakunda Nightingale gororo, ndiyo Chobitko. Siraki akaberekerwa mumusha weKaracharovo. Muguta racho kwete chete chivako chaIya Muromets chakasimwa , asi chigutsa chikuru chinodzivirirwa, icho, maererano nenyaya, yakagara mushure mokunge gamba iri nemaoko ake asina kubvarura richibvisa muoki wekare uye akarikanda murwizi.

Mhedziso

Iye zvino hauzive chete nezvekuti guta reMurom nderepi, asiwo kuti rakagadzirwa sei kwemazana emakore. Zvinosuruvarisa, chimiro chekare chekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa chakanga chisina kuchengetwa nekuda kwemagariro ehurumende, kuparadza kwevavengi nemoto. Kunyange zvakadaro, nhasi guta rinokwezva vatashanyi vakawanda vanoda kutsvaga zvinoshamisa mumasvingo ayo ezvigaro nematemberi, musamuziyamu uye bindu.