Life zvinhu uye Bunin. Topics okugadzira zvinhu Bunin

The Russian munyori mukuru uye akahwina mubayiro weNobel, nyanduri, munyori wenyaya, mabhuku mutsoropodzi uye prose munyori uye mushanduri. Mashoko aya anoratidza mabasa, kuita zvinhu uye Bunin. Yose upenyu munyori ichi chave multi-faceted uye anonakidza, aigara akasarudza nzira yake uye haana kuteerera avo vakaedza "vavakezve" maonero ake pamusoro upenyu, haana muzvirongwa chero mabhuku munzanga, uye kunyanya rezvematongerwo enyika. Zvinogona kunzi kune vanhu vakanga akasiyana mubasa rake.

tanga pauduku

October 10 (pasi Art. Style) 1870 muguta Voronezh, akaberekwa ari mukomana muduku, Ivan Bunin, Biography zvinhu uye izvo mune ramangwana achasiya rakajeka zvisaririra zviri Russian uye nyika mabhuku.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Ivan Bunin akabva mhuri yekare vanokudzwa, ake pauduku kwakaitika kwete guta guru, uye mumwe yemadzitateguru mudzimba (yaiva duku purazi). Vabereki tisingakwanisi kuhaya muperekedzi voga. About nguva apo Bunin akakura uye vakadzidza imba, munyori akarangarira kuti upenyu kupfuura kamwe. Izvi "yendarama" nguva muupenyu hwake, akataura chete chokwadi. Nokuonga uye kuremekedza akayeuka kuti mumwe mudzidzi pa Moscow University, izvo, maererano munyori, uye kumutswa maari chido mabhuku, nekuti, pasinei vazvo zera, kuti mabhuku okutanga, vanoverenga muduku Ivan, aiva "Odyssey" uye "The Chirungu nyanduri." Kunyange Bunin pachake akazotaura kuti ichi chaiva kurudziro yokutanga versification uye zvayo nokunyora. Zvakakwana akaratidza mangwanani rikava Ivan Bunin. A nyanduri awana mashoko ake tarenda muverengi. Iye zvakakwana verenga mabasa avo, uye kukurudzira dullest vateereri.

Kudzidza chesekondari

Apo Vanya aiva nemakore gumi, vabereki vangu vakasarudza kuti akanga asvika zera kana yatova zvinogoneka kuzvipa chikoro. Saka Ivan akatanga kudzidza panguva Elets jimunasiyamu. Panguva iyi akararama kubva kuvabereki vavo, nehama dzavo Yelets. Kubvuma kuti chikoro uye akatanga kudzidza mumwe pakachinja pake, nokuti mukomana uyo hwake hwose upenyu huno asati agara nevabereki vake uye kushanda vaiva zvatisingagoni, zvakanga kundiomera ajairire itsva upenyu guta. Mitemo mitsva uye nehasha pamusoro inorambidza yaisanganisira muupenyu hwake. Gare gare akagara vakahaya Apartments, asi haana wakasununguka mudzimba idzi. Kudzidza chesekondari anyanya pfupi nguva, nekuti pashure 4 makore akanga akadzingwa. Chikonzero chaiva kukundikana kubhadhara muripo uye kuchikoro kubva kuzororo.

Way externa

Pashure pezvose ndagura Ivan Bunin vakagara munda wake akafa mbuya muna Ozerki. Achitungamirirwa mukuru Julius mukoma wake, iye girama kosi anotora nzvimbo nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Zvimwe zvinhu zvaaidzidzisa zvakaoma. Uye zvakanga kunyange gore kuyunivhesiti. Julius, hama mukuru Ivana Bunina, nguva dzose akasiyana erudition. Naizvozvo, ndiye akabatsira munun'una kuchikoro. Pana Julia uye Ivan vakanga chaizvo kuvimba ukama. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ndiye akava muverengi wokutanga uye achitsoropodza okutanga inoshanda Ivana Bunina.

mutsetse wokutanga

Maererano nomunyori pachake, tarenda wake weramangwana akanga kufurirwa nyaya hama neshamwari, izvo akanzwa panzvimbo yaaipedza ake muduku. Zvaiva imomo kuti akadzidza wokutanga uye nezvehukorokodzwa uye peculiarities amai parurimi, anonzwa nyaya uye nenziyo, izvo mune ramangwana akabatsira munyori kuwana rakasiyana Kuenzanisa mumabasa ake. Zvose izvi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa kwakakanganisa tarenda Bunin.

Akatanga kunyora nhetembo pazera duku. Bunin okugadzira zvinhu akaberekwa, tinogona kutaura kuti munyori yemberi yaiva manomwe chete nemakore. Kana zvose nevamwe vana kudzidzira kuverenga, Ivan muduku akanga Wakatotanga kunyora nhetembo. Aida kunyatsoziva kubudirira, kuenzanisa pfungwa achizvicheka Pushkin, Lermontov. Nechido verenga mabasa Maikova, NdiTolstoy, Fet.

Panguva chaipo nyanzvi okugadzira zvinhu

First akazviratidza kudhindwa Ivan Bunin, zvakare, ari zvakanaka mudiki, kureva makore 16. Life zvinhu uye Bunin kazhinji nguva dzose rakada zvakanyatsobatana. Zvakanaka, zvose vakatanga Chokwadi, duku, kana vaviri nhetembo dzake dzakabudiswa: ". Village mupemhi" ". The guva S. Ya Nadsona" uye Mugore, gumi yakanakisisa nhetembo dzake uye nyaya yokutanga "Two nemudzungairi" uye "Nefedka" aidhindwa. Zviitiko izvi zvaiva kutanga chaiko uye mabhuku basa Nyanduri guru uye novelist. kokutanga akanga akasarudzwa musoro mabasa ake - murume. Mubasa Bunin nyaya zvepfungwa, mweya zvakavanzika kuramba kiyi rokupedzisira mutsetse.

Muna 1889, wechiduku Bunin, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu echimurenga-democratic intelligentsia motokari - populists, zvinopfakanyika pamwe mukoma wake Kharkov. Asi nokukurumidza akanga mwoyo pakuendeswa ichi, uye nokukurumidza anofamba kure. Pane pamwe chete populists, akaenda kuguta Eagle uye ipapo anotanga basa rake "Orlovsky Gazette". muunganidzwa wake nhetembo rokutanga kubudiswa muna 1891.

rudo rokutanga

Pasinei chokwadi kuti pamusoro yemisoro okugadzira zvinhu Bunin upenyu vakanga dzaisiyana, rinenge rose bhuku nhetembo rokutanga azadzwa zvakaitika muduku Ivan. Just panguva ino munyori akanga rudo yekutanga. Aigara nomumiririri wehurumende pamwe Varvaroy Paschenko, uyo akazova neMuse nemunyori. Saka kekutanga kuratidza rudo mubasa Bunin raMwari. Young kazhinji vaikakavara, havana kuwana mutauro nevakawanda. Zvose zvakaitika muupenyu hwavo pamwe chete, nguva dzose akaita iye mwoyo uye kufunga, uye kana rudo ndewe zvakadaro zvakaitika? Dzimwe nguva zvaiita kuti munhu chete haadi zvakawanda kupfuura kuti vakanga vakaungana. Chokutanga chaiva kurambidzwa baba Barbara vake kumuchato vechiduku, uye pavanoita kugara nomumiririri wehurumende, Ivan Bunin tisingatarisiri anowana mugove nekuipira muupenyu hwavo pamwe chete, uye ipapo zvachose mwoyo mariri. Gare gare Bunin anoita vafunga pachavo, kuti varege Varvara asina wakanyatsokodzera mumwe mune hunhu, uye nokukurumidza vechidiki chete siya. Pakarepo Varvara Pascenco akaroorwa Bunin. It vakauya ruzivo jaya munyori. Ari mwoyo muupenyu uye rudo zvachose.

basa rinobereka

Panguva ino, upenyu uye basa Bunin harisi kudaro zvakafanana. Munyori anosarudza chibayiro mufaro pachavo, ose mabasa anopiwa. Panguva iyi, vose chaipenya hunobuda tsaona rudo mubasa Bunin raMwari.

Inenge panguva imweyo kutiza kusurukirwa, akatamira kune mukoma wake Julius muna Poltava. Mumabhuku pane kuwedzera. nyaya yake anodhindwa mumagazini kutungamirira, mabhuku mabasa, ari kuwedzera kukurumbira. Topics okugadzira zvinhu Bunin kunyanya vakazvipira kumurume, chakavanzika necheSalvic mweya, zvinoyevedza Russian hunhu uye rudo rwokuzvipira.

Kamwe muna 1895, Bunin aiva St. Petersburg uye Moscow, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupinda guru milieu chaiko pazviri Organic chaizvo kufanira. Pano akasangana naye Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, Chekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Gare gare, Ivan anotanga kunyorerana Chekhov. It Chekhov Bunin akafanotaura kuti vachatitaka "munyori mukuru" kubva pairi. Gare gare, kungokangaidzwa tsika kuparidza pamusoro NdiTolstoy, Ivan anomuita chifananidzo chavo uye kunyange imwe nguva kuedza kurarama maererano zano rake. Bunin akabvunza NdiTolstoy vateereri uye anokudzwa kusangana munyori mukuru pachake.

Chikuva mutsva rokusika nzira

Muna 1896 Bunin anoedza pachake basa muturikiri mabasa ounyanzvi. Mugore iroro akabudisa shanduro yake mabasa Longfellow kuti "Rwiyo Hiawatha." In basa rokushandura iri Bunin zvose vakaona mhiri. vaairarama kuzivikanwa aikoshesa matarenda ake, akarumbidza basa munyori. Ivan Bunin akagamuchira kuti shanduro Pushkin Prize of dhigirii rokutanga, uko kwakapiwa pave munyori, uye ikozvino muturikiri, kunyanya vanozvikudza vavo kubudirira. Nokuti mukuru kurumbidzwa kwakadaro Bunin akapedza chaizvoizvo titanic basa. Pashure pezvose, akashandurira mabasa akadai zvinoda kutsungirira uye tarenda, uye munyori aifanira kuita zvakawanda uye kuti vadzidze pamusoro Chirungu yavo. Somugumisiro shanduro akaratidza akabudirira.

A yechipiri kuedza kuroorwa

Kuramba saka refu vakasununguka, Bunin akasarudza kuroora zvakare. nguva ino akasarudza mukadzi wechiGiriki, mwanasikana akapfuma mubvakure A. N. Tsakni. Asi muchato uyu, kufanana rokupedzisira, akaunzira mufaro munyori. Kwapera gore, upenyu hwemhuri wake vasara. In muchato, vaiva mwanakomana. Little Kolya akafa vaduku chaizvo, aine makore 5 years, kubva yomumuzongoza. Ivan Bunin akagumbuka chaizvo kurasikirwa chete mwana wake. Saka pakanga upenyu Remangwana munyori kuti vana haana.

makore pakati

bhuku rokutanga nyaya pfupi vanoda "On kumucheto nyika" rakabudiswa muna 1897. Anenge zvose vatsoropodzi akaonga mairi zviri zvakanaka chaizvo. A gore gare gare kunouya mumwe muunganidzwa nhetembo, "Pasi rakazaruka mudenga." Zviri mabasa aya uye vakauya emunyori kukurumbira ari Russian mabhuku nguva. Bunin rokusika pfupi, asi panguva imwe chete capacious, vakaisawo kuruzhinji, iyo aikosheswa zvikuru uye akagamuchira tarenda romunyori.

Asi zvechokwadi chikuru kukurumbira prose Bunin vakakunda muna 1900, apo nyaya "Antonov Apples" yakabudiswa. It unoitisa basa kunobva emunyori ndangariro musha wake muduku. Kokutanga chinoratidza zvakajeka hunhu mubasa Bunin raMwari. Kuti kumbotamba nguva muuduku uye anondimutsa maari manzwiro angu yakanakisisa ndangariro. Muverengi musoro achinyatsotaurira yakaisvonaka mangwanani kwematsutso, izvo dzinokwezva munyori, chete apo nekunhonga Antonov Apples. Nokuti Bunin ndiko, kwake kubvuma, vaiva dzinodhura kwazvo, uye asingakanganwiki ndangariro. Zvainakidza, upenyu chaihwo uye hanya. Uye kunyangarika yakasiyana kunhuwa maapuro - akafanana kutsakatika zvose kuti munyori kwakaunza yakawanda mafaro.

Kupomerwa vanokudzwa mavambo

Vazhinji aionekwa ambiguously ukoshi zvinofananidzira "munhuwi maapuro" mubasa "Antonov Apples" nokuti hunhu uyu akatibvunzisisa zvakanyatsobatana chiratidzo kwamachinda, izvo, tichitarisa kwakabva Bunin haana wokumwe kwaari. Zvinhu izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vakawanda vomuzuva rake, akadai Bamba Gorky, aiva nebasa paunotsoropodzwa Bunin wacho, shoko kuti munhuwi wakanaka Antonov maapuro, asi havana kunhuwidza kwete democratic zvose. Zvisinei, zvakafanana Gorky akati nyasha chigadzirwa mabhuku uye tarenda Bunin.

Zvinofadza kuti Bunin kupomerwa vake vanokudzwa mavambo haana basa. Akanga kumutorwa kuzvikudza kana kuzvikudza. Zvakawandisa apo akatarira zvirevo nemabasa Bunin, achida kuratidza kuti munyori kukungura kunyangarika serfdom uye nevaitonga nokuputsa pacharo. Asi Bunin mubasa rake vakatevera akasiyana zvachose pfungwa. Akanga asina tsitsi shanduko wegadziriro, uye ndiko tsitsi kuti yose upenyu chapfuura, uye kuti isu tose akada mwoyo kamwe wakazara, asi midzi kare ... Hazvina akasuruvara kuti asisiri anova hunhu veko nyika uye runako kwayo.

munyori kutsvakatsvaka

Ivan Bunin hwose akanga ari mumwoyo okusika munhu. Zvichida ichi chaiva chikonzero kuti haana kunonoka kwenguva refu, aida kuenda kumaguta akasiyana, uko kakawanda akacherera pfungwa mabasa avo.

Sezvo October 1900 akafamba pamwe Kurowski kuEurope. Akashanyira Germany, Switzerland, France. Just pashure 3 years kubva dzimwe shamwari yangu - munyori wemitambo Naydenov - akanga adzoka France, akashanyira Italy. Muna 1904, vanonakidzwa nokuita hunhu kuCaucasus, akasarudza kuenda ikoko. The rwendo haana pasina. rwendo urwu kuburikidza kwemakore akawanda Bunin akafuridzira dzakatevedzana rose nyaya "Mumumvuri Shiri", iro chokuita eCaucasus. Idzi ndidzo nyika aona 1907-1911 gg., Uye azviratidza nyaya pave paya muna 1925, "Mvura zhinji", uyewo rakafuridzirwa zvinoshamisa hunhu nharaunda iyi.

Panguva ino, vakawanda zvakajeka zvinoratidzwa yezvakaita mabasa Bunin. Yaiva imwe chinhu tarenda iri munyori - kufamba essays.

"The Finder rudo rwenyu, vanorichengeta ..."

Life of Ivana Bunina vazhinji. Vamwe dzakaitwa akabuda upenyu, vamwe vakasara kwenguva refu. Muenzaniso uyu raiva Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin vakasangana naye November 1906, mumba imwe shamwari. Akangwara uye vakadzidza maindasitiri mazhinji, mukadzi zvechokwadi yaiva shamwari yake yepamwoyo, uye kunyange pashure porufu rwake, akanga achigadzirira kubudisa chinyorwa chake. Akanyora bhuku "The Life Bunin", wakaisa anokosha uye dzinonakidza chokwadi kubva upenyu munyori. rave Akati kwaari: "Pasina iwe ndingadai ndisina kunyorwa chinhu. Aenda! "

Pano, rudo zvinhu uye muna Bunin muupenyu kamwe zvakare kuwana mumwe. Zvichida ichi ndicho nguva Bunin, akasvika pakuziva kuti akanga awana chimwe akatsvaka kwemakore akawanda. Akawana mukadzi uyu kwake kufarira, murume nguva dzose kutsigira naye chakaoma kamwe, mumwe komuredhi uyo asina uchatengesera. Sezvo shamwari yake upenyu vakava Muromtseva, mumwe munyori mutsva simba aida kusika uye wekuvamba chinhu chitsva, zvinonakidza, anopenga, kuti akamupa simba roupenyu. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anopepuka zvakare kumusoro mufambi, uye kubva muna 1907 Bunin akafamba hafu Asia uye Africa.

dzakawanda pamutemo

Munguva kubva 1907 kusvika 1912 Bunin haana kurega pakusika. Uye akanga paakavapa wechipiri Pushkin Prize muna 1909 wake "Poems 1903-1906". Kune pfungwa Murume mabasa Bunina I O musimboti zviito zvevanhu, iyo munyori akanga achiedza kunzwisisa. Kwakatungamidzwawo anozivikanwa shanduro dzakawanda, zvaakaita asina zvishoma penya pane kunyora mabasa matsva.

11/09/1933 nezvechiitiko chakaitika, iyo yakava porusvingo mabhuku basa munyori. Iye tsamba, achizivisa kuti Bunin akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. Ivan Bunin - munyori wokutanga wokuRussia akanga paakavapa ichi mukuru mubayiro uye mubayiro. basa rake zvasvika Parainge - ndiwo nyika yakakurumbira. Kubvira ipapo yakatanga kuonekwa sezvo zvakanakisisa dzakanakisisa mumunda mavo. Asi Bunin haana kurega mabasa avo uye sei yakakurumbira munyori, akashanda nesimba rakawedzerwa.

Musoro zviriko mabasa Bunin anoramba kutora imwe huru akakwirira. Vazhinji munyori anonyora nezvorudo. Ichi chaiva chikonzero vatsoropodzi kuenzanisa okusika Kuprin uye Bunin. Zvechokwadi, pane zvakafanana zhinji mumabasa avo. Zvakanyorwa nyore uye vepachokwadi mutauro, azere lyricism, zviri nyore uye Akasununguka. The vanotaurwa chinyatsotsanangurwa matete chaizvo (kubva mupfungwa pfungwa maonero.) Pano, zviri mwero kunzwisisa, vanhu zvikuru uye Akasununguka.

Enzanisa rokusika Kuprin uye Bunin anopa chikonzero kuziva vakadaro zvakafanana zviri zvigadzirwa zvavo, sezvo unosuruvarisa njodzi protagonist, mashoko okuti upi mufaro mutengo unobhadharwa, Akarumbidzwa rudo pamusoro mamwe manzwiro ose evanhu. Vanyori vose vane okugadzira zvinhu zvavo nharo kuti chinangwa choupenyu parudo, uye kuti munhu akapiwa tarenda, rudo, akakodzera kunamatwa.

mhedziso

Upenyu munyori mukuru yakakanganiswa 8 November 1953 kuParis, apo iye nomudzimai wake vakatama pashure kutanga Dzvuku Chinotyisa muSoviet Union. Akavigwa paRussian kumakuva kuti Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Bunin okugadzira zvinhu zvishoma kutsanangura hazvitomboiti. Ini kusikirwa hwangu zvikuru, uye basa rake rose akafanira kuteerera.

Zvakaoma kuona mupiro wake kwete chete mumabhuku Russian asi mabhuku nyika. Mabasa ake dzakakurumbira munguva yedu, vose pakati vechiduku uye pakati vakuru. Chaizvo mabhuku haana zera uye nguva dzose akakodzera uye bata. Zvino yakakurumbira Ivan Bunin. Biography uye basa munyori anoita zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye vepachokwadi nokuremekedza.