Vanyori yakanakisisa zvevana ramakore rechi18 uye mabasa avo

mabasa zvevana kugara nzvimbo inokosha pakati dzimwe mhando ingano, nekuti munzira dzakawanda dzinoratidza zvinoitwa tsika vanhu, ayo nyika tsika. netsika dzose pfungwa zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, zvakarurama uye zvakaipa, akanaka uye dzakashata, vakarurama nevasakarurama. Sevana tinotora zvinhu kuti agare nesu hwose. Kukosha mabhuku vana, saka, hakufaniri kurerutswa.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti maitiro kuchiitwa mabhuku evana - mubatanidzwa artistry uye pedagogical zvinodiwa. mabhuku akadaro haafaniri chete kuvaraidza asiwo kudzidzisa, kutungamirira, kuti okuMabvazuva. Zvevana nevanyori muzana remakore rechi18 (uye mabasa avo, Chokwadi) akaedza kuratidza vana zivo inokosha zvenyika, kuti vatidzidzise zvakarurama tsika.

Funga nyika mbiri - Britain uye Russia - uye muenzaniso vana mabasa akasika munyika idzi, tinoona kuti ichi ichokwadi. Mabhuku muzana remakore rechi18, vanyori uye mabasa avo zvinopiwa dzako.

mabhuku British zvevana ramakore rechi18

Mumwe nomumwe wedu ane kufarira bhuku kubva pauduku rungano "Alice mu inoshamisa", "The Kid uye Karlsson pamusoro Roof", "Matilda", "Thumbelina", "Gulliver kuti Nzendo" uye "Robinson Crusoe" (mazita Ichokwadi mumwe nomumwe ane chake). Asi ngatitii isu hatingavatengeri kukura remakore rechi21 zviri Russia, uye muzana remakore rechi18 muEngland, kuti aigona zvino tinoverenga?

Kubva apa list, tingadai akaramba chete bhuku "Robinson Crusoe" Danielya Defo (1719) uye "Nzendo Gulliver kuti" by Jonathan Swift (1726) rinokosha shanduro vana, rakanyorwa mutauro Yokudzidza, rine mifananidzo yakawanda.

Asi izvi zvinoreva kuti muzana remakore rechi18 Chirungu vana vakanga vasina kuverenga? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri.

Chokwadi chokuti rengano vagara aripo, uye kushaya kwavo kumbobvira zvaitika. Kunyange apo pakange pasina mutauro wakanyorwa, vari vakapfuura nezvizvarwa muchimiro ngano. Asi muna 17-18 emakore, pamwe pave zvokudhinda, zvakatanga kuoneka vanyori vakawanda nyanzvi, kunyanya vana. Tales panguva iyoyo, sezvo zvino, anonakidzwa uye vakatya vana, kusika tarenda nyika kuti yokuita zvinoitwa nezvokunetseka kwezuva nezuva vakuru havasi kufarira.

Heano chete inokosha zvevana munhu vanyori muzana remakore rechi18 uye mabasa avo.

"Robinson Crusoe" Danielya Defo

We kudzoka England ramakore rechi18. Panguva iyoyo, kana ini angati saka, munhu "yakanakisisa mutengesi" chaivo raiva basa Defoe. Mubhuku "Robinson Crusoe" akarumbidza neushingi, kutsungirira, nenjere dzevanhu, kumanikidzwa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. Iye aifarira mukurumbira zvikuru sezvo rungano kubudikidza Jonathan Swift, umo yemunyori kuteterera kuti kuwanikwa kukura itsva uye horizons.

"Nzendo Gulliver kuti" by Jonathan Swift

Kubudirira "Nzendo Gulliver kuti" akatungamirira kusvikira chokwadi kuti akatanga kuonekwa mamwe mabhuku vana, iyo zvakajeka aigona kuverenga chido kutevedzera chigadzirwa ichi, nemashoko "Gulliver" uye "midget" iri mazita kuti anokonzera imwe nokushamwaridzana. Mumwe tanga mienzaniso - mbudo muna 1751 vana 'magazini Lilliput, "musiki waiva Dzhon Nyuberi, mumwe munyori kubva kuLondon. Mumwe muenzaniso - "Lilliputian Library kana Museum of Gulliver" iri vhoriyamu gumi duku saizi, rakabudiswa muna muDublin ari 1780s. Bhuku rino rave zvakananga kusunungurwa vana, uye mutengo wawo uri pasi, saka kuti vana vanogona kutenga nayo. The zvachose Mari mavhoriyamu 10 rakanga shanu chete mashereni British, uye munhu zvikamu zvinogona kutengwa panguva akabatana nechimwe. Zvisinei, kunyange ichi mutengo vade vachiri yakanyanya yakakura vana nevabereki vavo vakawanda. Chete vamiririri vemhuri vane nepakati uye yakakwirira mari aigona kutenga mabhuku uye vakanga kuverenga zvakakwana kuriverenga.

mamwe mabhuku

mabhuku Cheap ari Genre dzakakurumbira mabhuku kwatova uye zvavaiva vainge vasina kunyanya kupfuma zvikamu vemo. Ava vaisanganisira zvevana nyaya, nhoroondo, kufamba, kuimba, munamato, nyaya makororo, mbavha nemhondi. Mavhoriyamu Ndivo chenhando uye vakatengesa mumwe kana miviri masendi.

Muna 1712, paiva shanduro Chirungu yaiva yakakurumbira muArabhia dzechembere "Chiuru uye Mumwe neusiku."

Sezvaunogona kuona, mabhuku zvevana nguva vachishingaira yakatanga muEngland. Uye chii chaiva munharaunda Russia? Verenga nezvazvo pamusoro.

mabhuku vana Russian kwakaitwa muzana remakore rechi18

MuRussia, pane chaizvoizvo zvevana nevanyori muzana remakore rechi18 uye nemabasa avo (mabhuku okutanga Russian kunyorwa zvakananga vana dzakatangwa munharaunda wehurumende yedu muzana remakore rechi17, muzana remakore rechi18 akaramba tsika iyi).

Nguva Peter I akapa zvakasimbisa kutanga dzidzo, zvikurukuru mabhuku vana. Mambo pachake akatenda kuti zvakakosha kutarisira kudzidzisa chizvarwa chevechiduku. Panguva ino, mabhuku evana vachitambudzwa chinangwa kunyanya rokudzidzisa. Mabhuku, arufabheti uye primers.

"Youth akatendeseka girazi"

Vanyori rechi18 (Russian) mazita mabhuku vana nedzidzo yakazaruka. The "Youth akatendeseka girazi" anogona kupiwa muenzaniso. poizvedenii ichi akatsanangura mitemo yomufambiro mudare, uyo akapinda kuchinja vake Peter I. Bhuku iri rakaitirwa mambo ake pedyo pachake kuti. Panotangira vanyori kushanda chigadzirwa, vakamira Gabriel Buzhinskiy. Bhuku, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vakaiswa zvinhu pamusoro chiperengo, arufabheti, mashoko. Zvaireva "Youth akatendeseka girazi" yemberi vepamusoro, kutsigira mambo - vana gare gare vakanga vava courtiers. Mubhuku, chikuru pfungwa iri kuti abudirire ndechokuti kukosha hakusi mabviro murume wake pachake dhigirii, kunyange kwakasimbiswa panguva nzvimbo inokosha kwamachinda. Zvairatidza uye vakatsoropodza uipi hwake. For vasikana bumbiro chairo makumi maviri unhu akasikwa, ramakagadzwa zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kubatsirana kunyarara, chitendero basa, nesimba. Vanyori rechi18 (Russian) List vanhukadzi unhu buritsa nenzira yokufananidzira, somuenzaniso, kutanga yakajeka hadzi vatambi mumabasa ake.

mabhuku

Mugore regumi namasere remakore kupararira uye mabhuku akadai Aesop kuti ngano. ngano izvi, zvakanyorwa 6 remakore BC. e. somuzivi Aesop, kugamuchirwa zvakanaka nevana vachikwanisa pachavo kupa muchimiro vacho - mhuka, shiri, miti, maruva ... ngano Aesop inoita Hazviiti uye kuridza kukurira uipi hwavo uye kukudziridza associative mafungiro.

Pashure 50-ies kutanga ngapaonekwe chaiko zvevana nevanyori muzana remakore rechi18 uye mabasa avo. Asi unorema mabhuku evana akakweretwa kubva West (kunyanya France). Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa Chokwadi, yakakurumbira storyteller French Sharlya koira remakore rechi17. upenyu hwaAbhigairi ake ngano "Cinderella," "Sleeping Beauty," "Little Red akatasva Washington," "Bluebeard" anozivikanwa uye kudiwa nevana rose. Kwete chete vaverengi asiwo vadetembi nevanyori muzana remakore rechi18 vakafuridzirwa nemabasa aya.

Vanyori muzana remakore rechi18

List anovhura Feofan Prokopovich. akaita munyori uyu akanyorwa mabhuku maviri nevana - ". dzidziso namajaya vokutanga" "Russian nhoroondo Brief" uye Mumashoko okutanga bhuku rechipiri, akati kuti achiri muduku - imwe nguva inokosha zvikuru muupenyu hwevanhu wese, sezvo zvakanga iyoyo, zvinokosha hunhu husina uye tsika. Vana vanofanira kuverenga mabhuku uye kuvada.

Catherine II

Kwete chete Vanyori nyanzvi uye vadetembi ramakore rechi18 akasika bhuku chevana. Kunyange President aiona ravo rokurayiridza pauduku hwavo pachavo. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kuti Catherine II. It akasika vakawanda mabasa, pakati zvakanga mabhuku evana, vakadai se "The zvakaedza Tsarevich kuiisa chlorine" uye "The zvakaedza Tsarevich Fivee". Chokwadi, vakanga kure rengano iri ano pfungwa shoko, pamwe vatambi ayo wakajeka uye magamba. mabasa awa chete ichifananidzwa uipi uye unhu kazhinji chaihwoihwo. Zvisinei, muenzaniso Catherine II dzaitapuriranwa, uye gare gare akatevera nevanyori Russian dzakawanda inozivikanwa ramakore rechi18, nokusika mabasa zvakananga vana.

Nikolay Ivanovich novikov

chipo chinokosha kuti kukura mabhuku vana uye akaita Nikolay Ivanovich novikov. Ndiye vanobudisa magazini yokutanga vana mashoko - ". Vana Reading nokuda mwoyo uye pfungwa" It rakabudiswa mabasa Genres siyana. Tales, nyaya pfupi, mitambo, majee, etc. Not chete ingano kwave dzaitaurwa magazini. Rainge akaisa uye nyaya asiri ingano vana vachiudza vaverengi vaduku pamusoro pezvakaita, nyika, nyika dzakasiyana uye maguta, uye vanhu vavo. Nyaya idzi zvakanyorwa nenzira yokufananidzira, zvinofadza muchimiro kukurukurirana. Novikov mune zvaakanyora akaparidza pfungwa zvakanaka Humanism, kuzviremekedza kwevanhu, izvo, kwake mafungiro, zvinofanira kubva muduku kuti baya vana. Magazini rakanga rakabudirira uye akanga akakurumbira chaizvo panguva iyoyo. Vanyori Famous ramakore rechi18 kubudiswa shanduro iyi.

Nikolay Mihalovich Karamzin

Zvakakosha kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro Nikolae Mihayloviche Karamzine. Munyori uyu akasika uye rakashandurwa zvigadzirwa anopfuura 30 vakasiyana vana. Somumiririri sentimentalism (ndiko achiteverwa nevanyori vazhinji Russian ramakore rechi18), saka pedyo chevana hunhu, akanga kunyanya kwazvo pakati vaduku repakati uye vakura vaverengi. Muna 1789, mabasa Karamzin rokutanga dzakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi "Vana Reading nokuda mwoyo uye pfungwa." Nikolai Mikhailovich akanyora vana uye pashure pakazovharwa magazini ino. Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi18, iye akasika mabasa akadai "wamambo akanaka", "Zana Acre Wood" uye "Ilya Muromets". Wokupedzisira ngano yairatidza epics Russian. haisati yapera basa iri. Ilya Muromets, vakasikwa kunyora romunyori, haana zvachose kufanana nezvaiitwa gamba iri yakakura, sezvo isu kazhinji kumirira izvozvo, uye yapera zvairatidzika chechipiri. The ngano haritsananguri hondo pamwe vavengi Russia, izvozvo anovhura lyrical mweya them Muromtsa muchiwadzana ake anodiwa. In mweya nekunzwisisa Karamzin zvakadzama anofananidzirwa manzwiro evanhu, ndinosika mufananidzo wakajeka.

mhedziso

Saka, muzana remakore rechi18 vakauya zvinhu zvakawanda vatsva vana mabhuku zvose kunze uye munyika yedu. Mabhuku vana nokushingaira akaramba kukura kwayo rechi19 uye muzana remakore rechi20. Uye zviri pachena kuti pane chamazuva wayo kukura. Somuenzaniso, dzechembere Sharlya koira wakashandiswa siyana embodiments hereinafter Andersen, Pushkina, Grimm hama, Irving. Ndiko, vavariro vamwe dzechembere zvikuru midzi kumwewo. Mabasa Vanyori Russian ramakore rechi18 uye pana 19 uye gare gare. Nokuti chevana mabhuku remakore rechi19 riri ichazivikanwa noku kubatana yakatokura pamwe ingano nevakura, uyewo dzidzo netsika zvavo.