Kwevari sangano mhuka

Upenyu Panyika yakatanga kwenguva refu. It yakatanga pasi pokudzora dzakasiyana-siyana kunzwisisa zvinhu izvo pamusoro nguva kwakaita kwete chete kune chimiro upenyu, asi kuratidzwa nawo zvakasiyana siyana. Saka, kunzwisisa kwakaita zvinhu kwakaguma paumbwe yokuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakasiyana hurongwa izvo, kubatanidzwa uye akaisa mumwe iumbe chinokosha multi-layered chimiro, izvo hazvibviri pasina mumwe Links.

Basic kwevari sangano mhuka

Kuti tinzwisise ino, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti yaida mamiriro hierarchically akaisa kuti. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kunzi somunhu yoga gadziriro kana subsystem, asi RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA omumwe wevakuru upenyu kubva pazvinhu zvipenyu nemaonero, kwakakosha kukura ichi zvinhu.

Kwevari sangano yokurarama hunhu unhu hwavo

Asati achipfuura kuti tsananguro, tinoona kuti ndicho mazita zvoutachiona gadziriro havapo, uye isu zvinganaka ndicho: Kune 8 kwevari sangano.

• Kwevari sangano yokurarama hunhu: samolecular uye cellular

Molecular. It is zvekare sandara, unova muganhu pakati vapenyu uye kwete mhenyu hunhu. Zvokutanga dzakabatana pano ndivo kemikari: . Mapurotini, makabhohaidhiretsi, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. Zviri pano kuti kuchinjwa masero ruzivo kunoitika biosynthesis uye kutendeuka simba. YeEncoding mashoko - huru basa iri samolecular chechetere, izvo zvinozoita ane zvinoriumba zviviri: mamorekuru pakati Organic uye inorganic yeimwe uye zvivako zviri makemikari.

Cell. Pano, zvinhu protrude sero kushamwaridzana - organelles. Ndiye anokonzera okubereka basa, zvinobatanidzwa murau nemakemikari, uye pano anouya simba rakawanda. It rine chete chinoumba - zvakaoma mamorekuru kwemakemikari yeimwe. Panguva iyi sandara, pane biosynthesis, sero kupesana uye photosynthesis.

• Kwevari sangano yokurarama hunhu: tishu uye Organ

Jira. Iye chinomiririrwa micheka kuti zvinobatana zvakasiyana-siyana masero ane fingapirindi marongerwo. In zvipuka zvine masero akawanda Utachiona, nyama dziri nedanho ontogenesis kuti sero weboka kupinda akasiyana. Mhuka uye zvirimwa zvakasiyana, nokuda specialization nemasero.

Nhego. Ichi chinhu wegadziriro ndivo mitumbi zvipenyu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, rimwe anogona kuchengeta yose nenhengo dzawo (mamwe yepamusoro zvinenge), uye ari nyore kufamba, afemeruke, kugaya, et unto., Tichiregeredza munhu organelles.

• Kwevari sangano yokurarama hunhu: Muviri vokuparidzira-yakananga

Organismic. Izvi Hazvizivikanwi sangano upenyu hunhu unicellular uye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Pano zvinoita kupa dzakasiyana, kunoratidza zvakasiyana yakarongeka (mhuka, shiri, notumwe tupukanana mabhakitiriya). Rinoratidzawo kubatana muviri pamwe zvakatipoteredza, rinova munyaya paumbwe STRUCTURAL zvinhu. The chikuru chinoumba iri muchitokisi.

Population-marudzi. Submitted by ukama, izvo anoumba hwevanhu, uye iyewo kune mhando. The chikuru mashandiro anoita rukoko urwu ndiyo pakuzvarwa uye rufu rates, kukura uye arambe achirema. Pane chakasimbiswa zvakasimba chokuita dzinogarisana mhando.

• Kwevari sangano mhuka: biogeocenotic uye Biosphere

Biogeocenotic. rukoko urwu Kunonziwo se "mararamiro". Pano tinoona sangano upenyu tichitarisa vemo: akasiyana mishumo chete mhando (zvakafanana) zvinhu. Mararamiro pamwero ane nhamba zvivako: nevanhu mamiriro, Mhando biotic ukama, uwandu uye mhando Zvinoumba nayo. Huru zvinoriumba ndiwo: zvinhu zvakatipoteredza uye zvokudya enyika.

Biosphere. Ndicho soro chimiro sangano zvinhu zvipenyu. Huru zvinhu vari: zvinhu zvipenyu uye zvakavapoteredza, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivhu, mhepo uye hydrosphere pose parameters, etc ... Pane kubata wevapenyu nonliving, uyewo riparadzirwe zvinhu.