Kudzidza Dzidziso uye Its Types

Kudzidza dzidziso - ndiyo yakazvimirira chikamu sayenzi pedagogy. It anonziwo didactics (kubva muchiGiriki "didaktikos" - kudzidzisa, achirayiridza). Teachers muzvikoro Greece yekare inonzi Didascalia, sezvo vakanga pasi basa kwete chete kupa vechidiki vamwe ruzivo, asiwo kuti vazviise vagari vechokwadi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, ari kutaurwa mutauro pfungwa iyi yazova yokusaremekedza rinoreva: "chido zvose kudzidzisa, zvakare moralizatorstvovat".

Asi mudzidzisi German B. Rathke akadzokera ichi izwi akarasika ukoshi - uri dzidzo kana yesayenzi yechokwadi kudzidza. Basa Yana Amosa Comenius "Great didactics" rinoratidza kuti dzidziso iyi inoshanda kwete chete vana kuchikoro, "iye unodzidzisa kumativi ose," asi nokuti nokudenga. Zvechokwadi, muupenyu hwedu, mazuva ose tinofanira kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, uye sei zvakanaka takaziva mashoko kunoenderana nzira dzaro pakunamata. Nzira, unyanzvi uye mhando didactics yakatanga munguva yemberi yakadai vakakurumbira masayendisiti sezvo VI Zagvyazinsky, IJ Lerner, IP Podlas uye JK Babanskii.

Saka, mazuva dzidziso kudzidzisa rinoongorora nekuita ukama "dzidzisa" vachidzidzisa kuti zvishande basa kuti vechikoro. It rinotarisira kuwedzera dzidzo muitiro, kuvandudzwa itsva inoshanda yokudzidzisa michina. Uyezve, inorondedzera uye rinotsanangura kurerwa uye dzidzo. Somuenzaniso, didactics panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura yacho yekudzidza anokurudzira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira zvishande basa: mudzidzisi - vadzidzi; mudzidzi - bhuku; mwana - kirasi uye nevamwe.

Saka, kudzidza dzidziso inoti kuti ruzivo hatina muzvinhu pachavo, kwete oga asi vakabatana nenhungamiro dzavo zvokudya zvavo mazano mafomu. Mumwe sainzi ane yayo chaiyo inosimbisa: wefizikisi, kemisitiri, uye dzimwe Zvakarurama anoranga vari vangasimudzira vakasiyana kudzidza kwauchaita mumhanzi kana uzivi. On hwaro ichi, pasi didactics allocates unyanzvi. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti sayenzi iyi anoita huru mbiri Mabasa: asi yokungotaura (kupa vadzidzi mukuru pfungwa) uye anoshanda (instils navo zvimwe unyanzvi).

Asi zvakare harifaniri kufuratira chinokosha basa pedagogy - dzidzo akazvimirira oga. Man haafaniri chete kudzidza yokungotaura ruzivo wodzishandisa sezvaakaita akatsanangurira mudzidzisi, asiwo zvinhu kusvika pakushandisa yepakutanga dzidziso idzi uye tsika kuti kusika chinhu chitsva. nzvimbo iyi pedagogy rakanzi "dzidziso Makuriro dzidzo." nheyo dzayo akaisa mberi XVIII remakore Pestalozzi, achinongedza kuti munhu kubva pakuberekwa wakaisa kuvimbisa pakukura. Basa mudzidzisi - kuti azobatsira mano aya zvizere.

pedagogy Soviet kwaibva papfungwa kuti dzidzo uye mashoko anofanira mberi, kutungamirira kukura aptitudes uye matarenda yevadzidzi. Saka, mudzimai dzidziso kudzidza kunobva anotevera nhungamiro: refu azvipire nokuomerwa kirasi yose (dzaona pamusoro kupfuura chipo vana); primate yokungotaura zvinhu; kutsanya aifamba zvinhu kutora; vazive vanodzidza muitiro kudzidza pachayo. Kukudziridza kurovedza pfungwa zvingakwanisa mudzidzi "chamboko" avo zvizere akazaruka.