Moscow, miziyamu-Manor: tsananguro, Photo

Havana chokwadi manzwiro inowira nerimwe, kana totaura noruwa. Manors, matunhu nemapaki ...

Next munhau Russian

Kudivi rimwe - iyi ndiyo nzvimbo, inofambirana uye zvikuru chokuita nhoroondo uye zvinoyevedza upenyu, upenyu chaihwo Russian uye tsika, uye nemumwe - mamiriro asingakanganwiki zhinji nzvimbo iri anovhundutsa uye achidemba.
Nhoroondo Russian uye mweya Russian - dzidziso, zvarwo,, kwakasiyana, asi dzimwe nguva vari pebhanhire kurukana kuti hapana chimwe chazvo zvisingaiti kunyatsonzwisisa zvimwe, uye, naizvozvo kupindura mubvunzo: chii, chokwadi, zviri, vanhu Russian?

Hearths uye kuchengetera Russian netsika noruwa

Manor - nzvimbo akashanyira ose wechipiri. Mazita vamwe Suburban matunhu uye manors kunzwa voruzhinji: Abramtsevo, Arkhangelskoye, Marfino, lumpy uye nevamwe. Izvi ichokwadi, nokuti muna 17-19 emakore. vanokudzwa pfuma yaiva rudzi chinoshamisa netsika-dzakaitika, pamwe nemisha uye maguta, dzimba dzemamongi, mumisha, mumisha, machechi uye machechi.
Vanyori venhau vanoti pakazopera remakore rechi19. muRussia, makanga kubva 50 kusvika 100 zviuru. manors uye matunhu. Sezvingatarisirwa, basa evanhu, ezvoupfumi, mifananidzo uye rokusika upenyu uye enhoroondo Manor pedyo Moscow kunge yakabatana akatibvunzisisa.
Uye nokuda munda pedyo Moscow kuti wakasvika yaswedera, ipapo, Chokwadi, vanyori yakanakisisa Russian, vananyanduri, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vanyori vakachera femero, basa uye kuwana nhandaro munzvimbo chokuita zvakasikwa.
Uye zvichida hapana musiki yakadaro Russian uye anofunga 18-19 CC., Uye njodzi upenyu vasingadi kuva chokuita kuti Russian nyika wemunda.
Uye tsika Russian unyanzvi dzakadai, sezvo ichiitirwa mapurani, nzvimbo zvegadheni tsika uye mapurani, nzvimbo magadzirirwo midzi yawo kudzokera aro, munda uye hunhu izvo vakanyatsoongorora vakachengetedzwa.
Iva nechokwadi kukuyeuchidza kuti tsika Russian mutsa Russian chili makirasi nemambure, achiunganidza mabhuku mashoma uye kuunganidza mabasa ounyanzvi vakanga chokuita aburuka vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata uye nevatengi tsika.

Tinotangazve kugadzirira

Mukati 100-kiromita nharaunda kubva Ring kuverenga vanenge 200 matunhu uye dzimba. Pakazosvika mangwanani remakore rechi20. muMoscow paiva vanenge 1,000 vavo vari yavo asingakanganwiki uye akafanira kuteerera, asi nguva vakadaro kuti kushanya nzvimbo mubereko unofanira kanenge takagadzirira zvishoma.
Maererano nenyaya zvingataurwa kuti kana uchida kushanyira Ruwa munda vabatsirwe runonakidza vanofanira Stock pazuva Vhuṱanzi:

• pamusoro nzvimbo, daro uye nzira (pevhu, chitima, bhazi, motokari);
• pamusoro zvinhu ( "mumwechete") nzvimbo: State Museum-Reserve, imba-Museum, departmental nzvimbo, nyore mamiriro, ukama nhoroondo, mabhuku, kupenda, mapurani;
• kana nzvimbo chokuita miziyamu Exhibits zvaizova zvakanaka kuziva pamusoro tikiti mitengo, kushanda kwemaawa uye nzvimbo yokufaranuka uye zvokudya. Pangava nzira apo miziyamu, pedyo Moscow Estates ndezvaJehovha hapana dhipatimendi nomukova kwakaoma, asi, sezvo vachiti vafambi farira, nguva dzose "kune buri fenzi shure" uye kuenda zvakadaro unogona;
• kuwirirana ezvinhu nezvaanogona pamwe yayo zvinangwa: kuzororo panzvimbo yakanaka, mabhuku, zvenhoroondo, mapurani uye unyanzvi nemaonero, etc.

Izvi "pfungwa" kubatsira kuponesa nguva uye kuwana mufaro chaiwo kubva kushanyira nzvimbo dzinonakidza.

nhoroondo nzvimbo

Rimwe soro tsika Russian muvanhu kubvira panguva Petro aiva wemupiro Estates nemisha basa rokutendeka. Kuti uye kuva vazhinji vanokudzwa matunhu vari aro, somuenzaniso, Manor Glinka, naMweya Peter V, sezvo musha pedyo Moscow, ndoku Jacob Bruce, musoja uye yokutungamirira, musayendisiti uye Wenyika. Mushure pamudyandigere, Bruce akashanda kugadzirisa, kuedza kwesayenzi uye kunyange zvine mukurumbira se "Shaiya uye warlock."
History of Glinka kuti wemunda - muenzaniso nhoroondo nguva Petro, Russian uto sainzi, tsika Russian vanhu 17-18 emakore.
Kana iwe chete nyora chinozivikanwa evanhu uye anazvo navo Ruwa wemunda, mazita zvinoorora:

• Serednikovo - patrimony Stolypin. Just yeuka Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, wokuRussia muvandudzi mukutanga remakore rechi20. Kwekutanga Serednikovo aishamwaridzana pauduku nyanduri M. Yu. Lermontova. Gare gare pano pane zvave Chaliapin uye Rachmaninoff. Today Serednikovo - chaizvo "cinematic" kuchamuka pedyo Moscow, pamwe inonakidza kinogorodom, kusanganisira England girl 18;.

• Kukurukurirana - kupa zvakadzama svetuka kupinda nyaya. Historians akadana Kukurukurirana vanoisa apo Dmitry Donskoy ndokudzika tende rake, kuenda kuhondo pamwe Mamai (Kulikovo munda);
• Gorky (Lenin) - nhasi miziyamu chokuita noupenyu Lenin. "Highlight" miziyamu vanoratidza ndiyo motokari "Rolls-Royce", iro vakatakura Vladimira Ilicha. Asi Pakuumbwa, kwe Manor rokutanga yakatanga kusvika remakore rechi16., Uye omukati muzvivako akachengetedzwa kubva 18-19 emakore.

Chokwadi, kuti kutaura zvose nhoroondo Museum-chivako muMoscow uye Moscow nharaunda hapana nzira, asi unogona nguva dzose kuwana ruzivo. Uye Sezvineiwo, nyaya kazhinji rakada intersects pamwe chaiko uye unyanzvi zviitiko.

vemungano nzvimbo

Vyazomy Large akazvipiwa Peter Ι Prince Golitsyn "ruponeso mambo wechiduku panguva nyonganyonga musketeers." Uyezve, zviri hwakada chokuita noupenyu Borisa Godunova, Paul V, Kutuzov, Napoleon, Bagration, NdiTolstoy.
Asi chinonyanya kukosha - Vyazomy vari kumusha enhetembo Pushkin: pano akapedza ake pauduku, kwaakabereka pakuzivana nokunaka Russian mumaruwa, akanzwa chevarwere songs, akadzidza upenyu uye netsika Russian kwamachinda uye vanhuwo zvavo Russian.
Pano isu takaberekwa yokutanga enhetembo zvisikwa Pushkin, uye pano akanga ari akaoma nguva hwake. Kurarama munzvimbo ino uye nengano: Golitsyn mumuzinda veko kudana "Imba Mambokadzi nefoshoro," uye unogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu pamusoro njodzi Princess Galitzine, ari Ivan Kuchin mufananidzo wekare countess pamwe chakavanzika makadhi matatu.
Haasi masanga Big Vyazomy - Pushkin Museum-Reserve, pano kubva September kusvika April vane zvokuridza manheru uye Concerts. Sezvo Pushkin nzvimbo pedyo Vyazomami zvakafanira kutaura Zakharov.
Rumwe chaiko uye enhetembo nzvimbo:

• Muranovo - kwese "vanokudzwa dendere" icho tine pfungwa mabhuku uye mafirimu pamusoro Russian remakore rechi19. The interweaving rokuberekwa uye njodzi dzakawanda anozivikanwa mabhuku mazita: Engelhardt, Baratynsky, Putyata, Gogol, Aksakov, Tiutchev. Asi mugumo aizofanira izvozvo, kuti raiva Muranovo mhuri Archive Nyanduri Fodora Tyutcheva, uye saka pachava miziyamu muzita rake;
• Melikhovo - mabhuku uye Memorial Museum A. P. chehova. The miziyamu kunopfuura zviuru 20 mifananidzo vemifananidzo, kusanganisira Levitan, Polenov, AP Seregina -. Friends of munyori.
• Znamenskoye Gubaylovo - akapa mambo wokutanga Russian (pashure distemper Great) Mihailom Romanovym boyar Volyns'ke (tateguru mutsigiri Dmitriya Donskogo) pa 16. Gare gare, muzana remakore rechi18., The pfuma muridzi ne mukuru-Crimean Dolgoruky. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. munda rashanduka "mabhuku dendere" Russian Symbolist vadetembi. Miti yekare paka rangarira Bryusov, K. Balmont uye A. White;
• Peredelkino - zvirokwazvo akakodzerwa vakaparadzana mashoko. Uyu "munyori muguta", chokuita mazita akawanda vanyori Soviet uye Russian anokosha uye vadetembi. Nhasi muna Peredelkino ndiyo imba-Museum Chukovsky, Boris Pasternak, Okudzhava, miziyamu-maberere Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Pedyo musha ndiye Muponesi Chitarisiko chechi uye Patriarchal remubatanidzwa - nguva yakagara Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia Kirill.

About Russian akitekicha

Architecture anopindura nzvimbo rinokosha muchechi Russian mapurani. Not kuenda zvakadzama kupinda munzvimbo iyi, zvinokosha kuziva kuti chechi kwese Russian vachiri kucherechedzwa kubvira pezvakaita rising, "hipped" (mnogopridelnosti) musha.
Uye sezvo hwokufananidzira mumapaki uye matunhu Moscow 17-19 emakore. hazvo zvinosanganisira kereke, zvinofadza chaizvo kuona uye kuyera sei nemachechi dzakavakwa. Chokwadi, canons uye "unhu Russian" kuramba wokugadzira. Asi kunakidza variations:

• muna Dubrovitsy, unogona kuona kupfuura "Baroque" (kubva Baroque) chechi pedyo Moscow. Saizvozvowo manyorerwo akanga avaka imba yamambo, asi gare gare yakanga reconstructed mumweya classicism;

• Bykov - pakuvaka 2-storey chechi rechi18. Akapinda akakurumbira Russian mapurani Vasily Bazhenov navadzidzi vake. Saizvozvowo werudzii Masonic mapurani vakavaka Manor yamambo. Yoga kuvakwa bhero shongwe (Taman mapurani) uye padandemutande makwara Park madziva nokusika vakawanda asingakanganwiki mwoyo, kunyanya muzhizha-matsutso kumwedzi;
• Bratsevo - neimba mukati meguta, apo pane Chirungu paki. Unogona kutanga kushanyira Moscow dzimba: asi Manor Countess Stroganov Palace, Church of Intercession, ona 2 uye 5 zambuko Manor farmstead dzimba kubata runako uye mweya Suburban matunhu uye matunhu. Zvino zvichava nyore kuenda rwendo munharaunda Moscow.

Patronage uye Russian Artists

Patronage (patronage Sayenzi uye Art) akazvarwa Russia muzana remakore rechi18. uye uchisvika ichatonga zvine mbiri pakati pezana remakore rechi19. The nyika matunhu uye dzoushe muguta rakaungana kunoshamisa muunganidzwa wokuRussia uye Western European uri, mumwe muunganidzwa wemabhuku isingawanzowanikwi.
Naizvozvo, dzimba zhinji uye dzoushe of Moscow mudunhu rinozivikanwa varidzi, vanoitisana Zvisinei, sezvo nguva dzose, munhau hapana inonzwisisika, uye pane panosangana zhinji.
In Abramtsevo akachengetedzwa imwe-storey Manor imba remakore rechi18., Izvo ndozvakanga wokuRussia yemapuranga mapurani. Muridzi Abramtsevo aiva munyori Aksakov ( "The Scarlet Flower"), iro akashanyirwa neshamwari dzake - Gogol, Turgenev, Tyutchev.

Kana iri 2nd yezana remakore rechi19. muridzi wemunda yaiva industrialist uye philanthropist S. Morozov, zviri kushingaira kushanda vemifananidzo M. Vrubel, V. Vasnetsov, Polenov, Repin, Serov. Rakanga akaberekwa pano "Abramtsevo denderedzwa" - iri mifananidzo-okusika Union, ndehwokuti pave Russian National unyanzvi.
Pashure pokuchinja muna 1917 tsika iyi zvakaramba I. Grabar, Konchalovsky, V. Mukhina. Today Abramtsevo miziyamu inoratidzirwa chinosanganisira vanopfuura zviuru 25 Exhibits :. Painting, kudhirowa, chivezwa, mabasa decoration uye zvavo art.

Vamwe, zvichida kupfuura, vakawanda ...

Uyewo kufanira kutaurwa muri munda pedyo Moscow, akazaruka kuruzhinji:

1. Arkhangelsk - mumwe mashoma akachengetedzwa Estates kubva pamugumo muzana remakore rechi18, kusanganisira mapurani uye Park Ensemble ari dzekare manyorerwo .. Uye unyanzvi muunganidzwa vaimbova varidzi Odoevskogo Golitsyn, Yusupov akava hwaro akapfuma miziyamu kuratidza;
2. Kuskovo - Manor Sheremetev basa. Vakapona Palace, imba wokuItaly, Dutch imba, cavern. On wemunda iri State Museum of Ceramics;

3. Wedge - nzvimbo chokuita okupedzisira makore oupenyu munyori Tchaikovsky. Nhasi, imba-Museum pano, izvo recreates kuonekwe okugadzira zvinhu, upenyu uye upenyu muimbi mukuru.

Ndakasuruvara ... (asi kwete chete)

matunhu akawanda uye matunhu vari mamiriro rokuparadzwa. Zvikonzero kuti Moscow akasiya Estates vane nzvimbo yavo - kusavapo varidzi, varidzi kushayikwa mhindu, kushandisa zvivako zvimwe zvinangwa.
Vanozvidzora uye nhoroondo maonero panyaya richiti:

1. Upenyu uye ndakajeka matunhu uye dzimba yaenda, pamwe remakore rechi19.
2. Too anonetsa zviitiko muupenyu Russia muzana remakore rechi20., Kuti pano nokukurumidza saka vanotanga wokuvakazve zvose chokuita nhoroondo kare.
3. Asi pane kunzwisisa kuti uyu ndiye zvekare, ratinofanira kuziva uye izvo zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti pakupedzisira ichakurukura rokuchinjwa uye kudzorerwa, uye akasiyiwa namafuro Manor achatibatsira ndinofarira nokunaka kwaro.

Zvino:

• Dugino - nzvimbo chokuita kuguma 19 vemifananidzo mu. . - kwezana remakore rechi20, uye ikozvino nyore kuita, aigona kuva unyanzvi miziyamu;
• Marfino - vaimbova muchiuto dzisina, mamwe akachengetedzwa sculpted griffins, mudhamu uye mupaka ndichatambanudzira munzvimbo yakanaka;
• Zvisinei, Bykov - dzichaguma kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Information nharaunda iri noruwa

Information pamusoro munda pedyo Moscow, akazaruka kuruzhinji, mumwe mujenya. Zviri pachena iripo, uye iwe unogona kuwana mashoko akasiyana hunhu matunhu, dzimba, machechi, yakanaka park, uye nokudaro kuwana nzvimbo pachedu chokuita chero hwenhoroondo uye mabhuku uye hwokudhirowa zviitiko. Panyaya iyi, zvidzidzo inongova inokosha mapurani Natalia Bondareva. mabasa ake anogona kuwanikwa tsanangudzo anenge 300 Estates, matunhu, machechi Moscow, Moscow nharaunda uye dzakapoteredza.
Natalia Bondarev richiita basa iri kubva muna 1996, uye, hapana mubvunzo, akakodzera shoko rorutendo uye kukoshesa chii iye anoita kuti panguva uye vaizotevera, vakarondedzera Moscow Estates, kunoisa mifananidzo iri pachena soumambo. Munhu anogona kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo munzvimbo iyi.
Asi zvinokosha kuti vanhu vakadaro nhasi havasi voga, saka, mugwagwa kare, uye kuburikidza mauri - haina kuvharwa mune ramangwana.