Kiev kwavabati: nenzvimbo chinzvimbo uye zvechadenga Board

Kiev kweutongi, nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo izvo huchakurukurwa, kubvira 1132 kwemakore 1471. Ndima yake yaisanganisira nyika clearings uye Drevlyane pamusoro ari Dnieper River uye ayo rechibharo - Pripyat, Grouse, Irpen uye ros, uye chikamu Bank kuruboshwe.

Kiev kwavabati: nzvimbo

Ndima iyi bordered Polotsk nyika kuchamhembe-kumadokero, uye nechokumusoro-kumabvazuva kwaiva Chernigov. Western uye kumaodzanyemba-vokumadokero vavakidzani vaiva Poland uye hugota pamusoro Galich. Guta, yakavakwa pamusoro pezvikomo, akanga Zvakanakisa iri muchiuto. , Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti rave zvakanaka kudzivirirwa kuzotaura nenzvimbo nzvimbo Kiev weutungamiriri. Kwete kure kure nhema zvekare guta Vruchy (kana Ovruch), Belgorod, uyewo Vyshgorod - vose vaiva masvingo zvakanaka uye aidzora nharaunda yakabatana guru, izvo zvinowedzera kudzivirira kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba-rwamavirazuva. On kumaodzanyemba yazadza nhare ezvinhu chakavakwa pamahombekombe ari Dnieper, uye vanoverengeka anodzivirirwa zvakanaka guta riri parwizi ros.

Kiev kwavabati: mamirire

Pasi Data kunzwisiswa kwavabati mamiriro inotungamirwa muna Rus yekare kubvira 12 kusvika 15 remakore. Kiev raiva guru enyika uye tsika. It yakaumbwa ichibva akatsaura nzvimbo Old Russian mamiriro. Nechekare pakati pezana-muzana remakore rechi12. simba machinda Kiev rinorema kukosha akanga chete mukati kumiganhu hugota. All-Russian kukosha yakarasika guta, uye makwikwi kutonga uye simba yakatora kusvikira Mongol nechisimba. Chigaro akapfuura vamwe wokumwe murayiro, uye vaigona vanozviti vazhinji kwaari. Uye pamwero mukuru mukana simba kwaibva pokudzora yakasimba nevaitonga Kiev uye vanonzi "Hoods dema".

Zveupfumi upenyu

The nzvimbo pedyo Dnieper airidza basa guru zvoupfumi upenyu. Kuwedzera kukurukura kweGungwa Dema, akatungamirira Kiev kuBaltic, chii chakabatsira kuWestern Dvina uye Berezina. Desna uye Seim liaise naDon uye Oka uye dzokuMadokero Bug uye Pripyat - pamwe Neman uye Dniester. Paiva vanonzi nzira "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki", unova kutengeserana. Nokuda vadanana uye munyoro okunze, kurima yakatanga nokukurumidza; zvakaendeswa mombe maberekero, kuvhima, vanogara vaiita hove uye nyuchi. Muzvikamu izvi vakapesana mangwanani kutengeserana. "Drevodelie" rakabatsira zvikuru basa rinokosha, uyewo zvehari uye kusukuta matehwe purogiramu. Nokuda kuvapo resimbi deposits, zvaigoneka kukura smithing. Vazhinji siyana nesimbi (sirivha, tini, mhangura, kutungamirira, goridhe) vakaunzwa kubva nyika dzakavakidzana. Saka, izvi zvose zvazvinoita vokutanga paumbwe wezvokutengeserana uye raanoziva ukama muKiev, pedo maguta payo.

political nhoroondo

Sezvo kurasikirwa guru-Russian zvose kukosha, vabati zvakasimba ushe vanotanga kutuma muKiev proteges - "podruchnik". A muenzaniso muna 1113, apo yokunzvenga pokutanga wokurera ari kutevedzana kuti chigaro yakanga wakokwa Vladimir Monomakh, vanokudzwa vakabva kushandiswa kuzviruramisa kodzero yavo kusarudza simba uye chinofadza mutongi wavo. Kweutongi pamusoro Kiev, iro pamwe kurondedzera nhoroondo yeMeribhatikadheshi, akaita ikava hondo, apo nemisha vakatambura yakawanda kukuvadzwa, yaparadzwa, uye vanhu pachavo vakabatwa. Time Kugadzikana Kyiv akaona munguva pamusoro Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich pamusoro Chernigov, uye Romana Mstislavovicha Volynskogo. Mamwe machinda nokukurumidza anotevedzana kupfuura nyaya Hauoneki. Zvakaipisisa zvakakuvadza kweutongi pamusoro Kiev, nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo kuti unobvumira kuti adzivirire ichi chakanaka kwenguva refu, panguva Mongol nechisimba muna 1240.

ainetsana

pakutanga Ancient Russian State yaisanganisira dzemadzinza zvemisoro. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja. Over nguva, apo yomunharaunda kwamachinda akatanga misha nokuda yezvakaita Rurik, vanotanga kuumba kweutongi, iyo inotongwa vamiririri mutsetse muduku. Zavedonny hurongwa yokugara kwagara mapoka. Muna 1054 Yaroslav Mudry navanakomana vake vakatanga kugovera Kyiv kwavabati. Haisi rava chinhu mugumisiro zviitiko izvi. Zvinhu akarwarisa pashure Lyubechenskogo Cathedral machinda 1091. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu akavandudzika anoonga mutemo Vladimir Monomakh uye mwanakomana wake Mstislava Velikogo, uyo vakakwanisa kuchengeta kuperera. Vaikwanisa kamwe kuisa zvakare aidzorwa guru weutungamiriri pakati Kiev, nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo yaiva zvikuru akanakira yokuzvidzivirira pavavengi, uye nokuda kworutivi chete kukakavara dzakawanda Anotadzira ezvinhu ehurumende.

Norufu Mstislav muna 1132 vakauya zvematongerwe kusabatana. Zvisinei, pasinei kuti, Kiev zvakadaro emakore vakabata chinzvimbo kwete wevakadzidza centre, asiwo simba kupfuura hugota. simba rake harina akarasika zvachose, asi haana simba zvikuru zvichienzaniswa mamiriro ezvinhu pakutanga ari XII remakore.