Kamov helicopters: zvose yokutevedzera. Photos uye Magadzirirwo

The helicopters yokutanga Kamov (Ka) akabvisa ari kure 1953. April 14 multi-chinangwa neherikoputa Ka-15 yave piyona nevazhinji kugadzira, vakasikwa experimental Design Bureau (OKB) zita Nikolay Ilyich Kamov. Bureau of nomukurumbira Mugadziri kakawanda akaratidza unokosha aro tsika uye zvirongwa yasarudzwa kushanda. Mumwe chinosiyanisa zvinhu zvine helicopters Kamov zvakagadzirwa Bureau, - coaxial screws. chinhu ichi akabvumira kushandisa michina muminda siyana uye nzvimbo (nemauto, mushonga, kununurwa, uye dzimwe sectors zvakakosha).

Sezvo rokutanga ndege rave nemakore anopfuura 60, uye "Kamov" helicopters yemakambani kunakidzwa rakafara mukurumbira. The Russian muchiuto avhiyesheni maoko ane chombo ngozi uye inobudirira inogona kuita zvikuru kunzwisisa muhondo mishoni.

Ka-15

Kekutanga Kamov helicopters kunge vakava chete nokuda Navy. Kwenguva refu, coaxial helical redunhu kwaiva pakuva magadzirirwo Bureau. Zvinokwanisika kuwana panguva goho yetsime-akakwanisa uye vysokomanovrennye helicopters, zvose zvakanaka izvi zvakakwana pachavo richiratidzwa panguva duku kukura michina.

Mumwe wokutanga uye akabudirira zvikuru mitsetse kuEdo zvemichina "Kamov" - ari Ka-15. NATO Extras vakapa muchina uyu yokudadira codification kuti "huku." Zviri zviviri-nzvimbo ino neherikoputa chikepe chaiva muenzaniso yokutanga conveyor uye yakabudiswa muna maBhaibheri 354.

Range riri yambokurukurwa kubvira pakati 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Project marongerwo uye magadzirirwo zvinhu zvave vakatenderwa Morflot mukutanga 1952. Kamov (helicopters Designer) aiziva kuti muchina richashandiswa mungarava midziyo, saka akaita kuti womuenzaniso zviduku uye nekaupenyu chiedza. Pamwe kureba kwayo Ka-15 ari kupeta kaviri kuvatumwa kunyange zviduku nadzurudzo of Mi-1. Uyezve, vagadziri akakwanisa zvinoitwawo yakadaro muchina muduku kubhururuka ose anodiwa michina.

miedzo nevarwi mienzaniso miviri (kuroora-rotor Mi-1 redunhu uye coaxial Ka-15) pamusoro ngarawa "Mikhail Kutuzov" vakaratidza zvinoorora zvikuru zvawanikwa mabikirwo Kamov. Kana Mi-1 yakanga chaizvo munotinyima akatizira pamwe muchikepe uriri nokuda muswe rotor uye refu nomuswe tiguu, kuti Ka-15 nendege kwazvo uye akagara pasi ari munzvimbo duku nokuda kwayo duku kukura, uye-pfungwa matanhatu gungwa ezvinhu.

Maererano pakuongororwa vakwasvi Soviet vakanga pakupedzisira chokwadi kuti magadzirirwo mhepo muchikepe mhando haagoni kuita pasina coaxial, uye akanga asina nzira Kamov helicopters (zvivezwa zvose).

Chibooreso kwokubatana Navy kuvakwa pamwe OKB Kamov michina kubva 1957. Pasinei chakanaka kuita, ndege muenzaniso akanga sashanda sechinopiwa midziyo Anti yepasi pemvura, uye ichi pane imwe nerongo nguva, kwaiva chokutanga. Mumwe muchina aigona kusimudzira mbiri chete Akash Buoy (club muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura), iri midziyo kuzvidzora akanga akatakura kupinda mumwe neherikoputa, uye yechitatu yaiva udzamu mhosva. The kwava zvakavaomera zvikuru, saka Morflot muna 1963 vakaramba Ka-15 muchifarira zviitiko itsva chete chakagadzirwa Bureau.

Magadzirirwo mhando

Ndege waivako parameters Ka-15:

• Ceiling - 3500 m.
• Range - 278? Km.
• Maximum aigarira nokukurumidza - 155 km / h.
• Reserve panguva yasimuka uremu - 1460 makirogiramu.
• The vashandi - 1 munhu.
• Cargo - makirogiramu 300 kana 2 vanhu.
• The dhayamita huru rotor - 9,96 m.
• Mapfupa kureba - 6.26 m.

Ka-25

Helicopters Kamov 25 Series - zviri Anti-chikepe muchina mhando. muenzaniso uyu rava kiyi paumbwe weNational Bureau uye wengarava avhiyesheni yose. The Ka-25 yakazokudziridzwa sechekushandisa mutsimba zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvinogona muvengi.

The yemashoko ichi mhando yokutanga paakagadzwa Radar nomwoyo-kumativi maonero nokuti mabasa echiuto bezorientirnoy pamusoro mvura pamusoro. Nokuda kwayo pakawanda uye nounyanzvi neherikoputa Kamov 25-dzino vakashanda rengarava yedu kwemakore anoda kusvika 30.

Kutiza Ka-25 wokutanga akatora nzvimbo musi May 20, 1961, uye makore mana gare gare motokari kupfeka conveyor muna Ulan-Ude. Kusvikira 1969 muenzaniso chete multi-chinangwa neherikoputa isina analogues mudzimai avhiyesheni indasitiri. Asi mushure vagadziri Soviet kunge hachizi itsva rwisana neherikoputa Mi-24 helicopters Kamov (ona mufananidzo. Munyaya) akatanga achibhururuka boka Mile michina.

Helicopter Ka-25 aiva shasha rubatsiro remauto vafambisi uye wakanyatsokodzera zvachose. The akatevedzana akanga akafuka Morflot yedu kusvikira 1991, uye nadzurudzo kuti kubaya rokuti (Ka-25TS) - kusvika pemwedzi 90s. Total kuverenga 18 akatevedzana kusiyana nokuda zvakasiyana zvinangwa uye nzvimbo. All kushanda michina (1965-1973 gg.) Dzakatorwa vanenge 460 zviumbu of Ka-25 rwokugadzira.

Machine Features

Ndege waivako parameters Ka-25 neherikoputa:

• Ceiling - 4000 m.
• Range - 650? Km.
• Aigarira kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 220 km / h.
• Reserve panguva yasimuka uremu - 7500 makirogiramu.
• Crew - 2 vanhu.
• Cargo - 1100 makirogiramu.
• Vatakurwi - vanhu 12.
• The dhayamita huru rotor - 15,74 m.
• Mapfupa kureba - 9,75 m.
• Machine kukwirira - 5,37 m.

Ka-50

Pakazosvika mangwanani 80-ies muna USSR zvikuru muchiuto neherikoputa revarwi basa aiva muenzaniso mugadziri thousand - Mi-24. "Old murume" ichiri mubasa namapoka edu, asi kunyange panguva iyoyo mauto utungamiriri pamusoro vakasarudza kuti muchina uyu hazvirevi kusangana zvose zvinodiwa vehondo.

Mi-24 akasikwa "ichibhururuka inifanduri kurwa motokari" pfungwa. Kureva muchina akakwanisa kwete chete kutakura kurova Zviito, asiwo kana zvakakodzera vatame kubva dhipatimendi paratroopers. Kubvuma sanduko uku, Chokwadi, zvakakanganisa kurwisa unhu Mile zvigadzirwa. Uyezve, ungwaru Soviet kuwedzera vasangana pamusoro pokumuka uye munda kuidzwa muenzaniso itsva US Air Force - kurwisa neherikoputa AH-64 "Apache".

Design Bureau kuti kunyatsoona mashoko awanika uye vakabvuma yakafanana kuvhunduka vekuAmerica kuva Ka-50 "Black Shark". Kamov Helicopters Series 50 yakapiwa muna June 1982, uye akava Nyanzvi wokuRussia muchiuto avhiyesheni, asi kwete kuti chaicho kutanga muupenyu.

Features neherikoputa

The muenzaniso rava dzakazara kuvhunduka chikwata kuti kuzvigona nokuparadzwa warrior motokari, injiniya zvivako uye kubviswa mauto muvengi muhondo. muchina Single kare zvaizivikanwa coaxial maitiro akanga akashongedzerwa aine heti pani uye catapult pamusoro chitundumuseremusere uye parachuti nheyo. Kwakadaro hurongwa kunoita mutyairi kuti zvakachengeteka kusiya neherikoputa pa aimhanya anosvika 400 km / h panguva imwe kukwira pasina kupfuura 4000 metres pasina mashoma mitemo.

Innovation apo rinoumba zvinhu, izvo chakaita kuti inenge chetatu uremu muchina yose design, kuderedza zvinonyatsorehwa kurema zvichienzaniswa yapfuura chizvarwa helicopters. Zvinogonekawo kuti kuwedzera upenyu basa nomunhu dzakabatana, uye pamwe rakavimbika uye survivability michina.

Helicopters Russian 'Kamov "anonzi" Black Shark "akaita diki akatevedzana kobiri. Makopi Recent zvakakumikidzwa kuna Armed Forces muna 2009. All zvinogona zvakanaka-verenga 15 motokari Ka-50, kusanganisira bvunzo michina. Kazhinji, muenzaniso uyu wava chinhu rinokosha ruzivo nokuti Kamov kugadzirwa Bureau, vachibvumira munda zvinyatsobuda itsva ruzivo uye michina mitsva hondo.

Features neherikoputa

Ndege waivako parameters Ka-50:

• Ceiling - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160? Km.
• Maximum aigarira nokukurumidza - 390 km / h.
• Reserve panguva yasimuka uremu - 10.800 makirogiramu.
• The vashandi - 1 munhu.
• Cargo - 2000 makirogiramu.
• The dhayamita huru rotor - 14,5 m.
• Mapfupa kureba - 13.5 m.

Ca-52

Experience kunowanwa kukura Ka-50 rave chinozoiswa zvizere itsva multifunction muchina zvazvinoita mhando Ca-52 "Gator". Njodzi azvino chizvarwa helicopters Kamov anogona kunzi hwakabudirira.

Kutonga data, izvo apa Russian Air Force ndiyo 72 Ka-52 zviumbu mubasa hondo dzedu. Uyezve, mauto yaita refu chibvumirano ne Kamov magadzirirwo Bureau kuti kunosanganisira retrofitting michina kusvikira 2020 (anenge 150 multi-chinangwa Kurwisa neherikoputa "mupurwa" mhando).

nevamwe zvinhu

Musiyano mukuru pakati itsva Ka-52 kubva "Black Shark" - ndiyo kwaita co-mutyairi, uye mukana zvizere kubhururuka chero nguva, chero ekunze. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti yapfuura Chizvarwa Ka-50 vaisagona kuitisa mabasa usiku.

Nadzurudzo "mupurwa" munenge 85% yave dzichienderana muchina Ka-50. Waachangoroora Ka-52 paakasvika powerplant, muswe uye pakati chikamu fuselage, bapiro uye mutakuri empennage hurongwa chassis. The mberi Chikamu neherikoputa yakawedzera zvishoma, kuti vakawana zvigaro copilot wacho. Sezvinoita mutyairi wendege, kununura gadziriro rinoshandiswa zvose zvakafanana chitundumuseremusere uye parachuti catapult se mu "Black Shark". Akagamuchira huru ndiwedzere zvishandiso iri nzvimbo yemutekenyi. Zvino pane ano LCD kuratidzwa pane zvetsika electromechanical dzapiwa.

With veMubatanidzwa wechipiri mutyairi muchina kwazova akavimbika, sezvo mutoro vaunoshanda vaiita maviri. Uyezve, vagadziri vaiona zvikuru kodzera kuti kuronga vezvikepe havasi tandem (pamwe nemumwe), inodzidzwa mune dzimwe kurwisa helicopters, uye takabatana. Nokuda ichi urongwa, asi vashandi yekudyidzana zvakawedzera Kufambisa basa uye hapana chikonzero kuisa mamwe dashboard, uye zvinoderedza iyi uremu yose marongerwo uye kuderedza chipingaidzo pamusoro nouya namano.

First ndege "mupurwa" rakaitirwa panopera June 1997. On the conveyor motokari akauya chete pakupera 2008 nokuda kugadzirwa vanokwanisa pakati chirimwa "Progress", riri muguta duku Arsenyev. State bvunzo neeSultan mauto akanga kunyorwa 2011, uye panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Ka-52 akapinda ndege basa Russian yetsiva dzakabatana.

Purpose Machine

"Mupurwa" akagadzirirwa hondo mabasa okunze zvose uye anokwanisa kubvisa yomuvengi warrior zvokushandisa, pamwe nesimba mupenyu romuvengi, uyewo kunangana muvengi helicopters iri tactical udzamu.

Uyezve, Ca-52 akaratidza pacharo mu ungwaru kushandiswa nechivimbo. Anogona kuita Hardware kukanganiswa uye kugoverwa chipfuro kuti pamwe naye unyanzvi (rwisana ndege uye pasi mauto). The muchina anokwanisa kupa moto viomak kumhara, tenderera nzvimbo uye kuenda chero mbiru zvose zvavo uye uto zvinangwa. Nhasi ndiro kuzvikudza Russian Aviation uye ichiita mabasa akawanda nemauto turusi kuti anokwanisa kuita akawandisa kuhondo mishoni, pamwe vari vanoremekedzwa kure pamba pfungwa.

zviratidzi kiyi muenzaniso

Ndege waivako parameters Ka-52:

• Ceiling - 5500 m.
• Range - 1160? Km.
• Maximum aigarira nokukurumidza - 300 km / h.
• Reserve panguva yasimuka uremu - 10.400 makirogiramu.
• Crew - 2 vanhu.
• Cargo - 2000 makirogiramu.
• The dhayamita huru rotor - 14,5 m.
• Mapfupa kureba - 14.2 m.