"Smerch" (MRL): nokurondedzerwa uye mapikicha reactive mugadziriro salvo moto

Mushure chazezesa "Katyusha" yedu Armed Forces vagara akabhadhara ngwariro chaiyo Reactive mugadziriro salvo moto. Izvi hazvishamisi, zvinoitika isingadhuri, nyore kugadzira, asi ivo vari zvikuru Mobile, achivimbisa pokukundwa manpower uye zvinhu pfuma navavengi chero nzvimbo, kwose vachirwa.

Mumwe inonyatsobudirira nhengo dzemhuri iyi yaiva kwegadziriro "Smerch". MLRS nguva ino kushandisirwa yakaratidzawo kuti vabudirire zvikuru uye chombo yakavimbika.

Nokuti izvo hurongwa inogona kushandiswa?

"Dutu" yakagadzirwa kuparadzwa zvose mauto muvengi inoremerwa warrior motokari. Kana murayiro nzvimbo uye kukurukurirana nodes, uyewo ari kure akagadzawo inogona kuparadzwa pachishandiswa ino minefields ari chinhambwe 70? Km.

History chokusika

Muna 1961 vakatanga kushandisa Armed Forces of USSR rakaitwa MLRS M-21, hunhu izvo havagutsikani zvakakwana mumauto eSoviet. Ndokusaka pakupera 1970 mu SSPE "chiwanikwa" nenzira kunokurumidza netsika rwaiitwa kwesainzi zvainanga kutanga hurongwa reactive volley-moto, izvo zvaizoita kuti pave yakawanda nesimba kurasikirwa zvinangwa kuburikidza yokusimbisa projectiles simba vaine zvinoputika.

Somugumisiro, muna mid-1980 chirongwa "dutu" akatumwa hurumende nyanzvi basa. MRL Izvi zvakapa projectile hurukuro kune chinhambwe 70? Km. Yeuka kuti muna zvinodiwa muchiuto ipapo akapa chassis, ichipa achifambisa pasi ari kumhanya 70 km / h (dzakakwirira motokari).

Start okuwana

New chitundumuseremusere launcher "Smerch" sangana vose akataura zvinodiwa, ine tarisiro kwazvo cheapness okuwana, asi nekuti atova 1985 yakanga chirevo kutanga basa musi Serial kugadzirwa hurongwa. Nechekare muna 1987 basa rakanga zvachose rapera, uye wokutanga "dutu" akatanga kutongwa kungopfura.

Early gore rakatevera, iro MLRS (kufungisisa kubviswa zvimwe zvinetso uye comments) pakupedzisira pachii yekutora nyika.

Features kiyi kumumvuri

System pokushandisa bara anoshongwa ose 200 mm caliber, inoshanda siyana apo kudzvanyirira muvengi 20/70? Km. The nani zvikuru mukuru-putika anoshongwa mhando ndechokuti kuita kwavo hakuna kukwana chii concedes kurwisana unhu kare kufungwa basa "blanks".

Saka, kuwanda kukundwa zalegshey (!) Muvengi inifanduri zvinopfuura 1300 metres kubva kwacho pakati nokuputika vebasa. Single yakawana chassis aigona kutakura 25 kusvika 35 anoshongwa.

Zvinoitwa ezvinhu vakagamuchirwa nokuda maoko

Pasinei nezvose pamusoro kuita unhu, nyanzvi mauto akanga asina kugutsikana zvizere inouraya simba projectiles. Revised kubatidza kwokupedzisira MRL "dutu", iro waivako unhu kupiwa pazasi.

Saka caliber wakamutswa kusvika 300 mm goko uremu yakawedzera kusvika 815 makirogiramu. Charge pacharo putika ane guru kupfuura makirogiramu 250. The vachiridzira siyana inoramba chete (kunonyanyisa - 90 km). nguva ino vagadziri zvakapa kwete chete yakawana (chinhu 123), asiwo mavhiri chassis, inobva chakarova-543A.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti MLRS 9K58 "Smerch" - ichi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki, izvo zvinosanganisira akawanda zvinoriumba.

Huru zvinoriumba

• 9A52-2 chassis inobva chakarova-543A.
• Machine kutakura uye rokukwidza 9T234-2.
• Anoshongwa pachavo.
• Automatic moto kudzora maitiro uye kurangwa "musha."
• Mari dzidzo uye kudzidzisa dzaishandisa dzakaoma.
• Car akasiyira topographic zvidzidzo 1T12-2M nzvimbo.
• 1B44 mirayiridzo Kurwara hurongwa.
• Equipment yokugadzirisa uye dzigadziridzwe zvokunyama chikamu 9F381.

zvakawedzerwa TTX

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko chassis 9A52-2 anosikwa inobva chakarova-543A vane vhiri payakavakirwa - 8x8. Kana atirari zvidimbu, izvozvo rinoumbwa gumi vakapofumara, swivel mashandiro pamwe kukanganisa uye okugadzirisa namano, uyewo electromechanical uye hydraulic pakudzikamisa mudziyo.

Zvigadziriswe aiming uye vanoshandura anogona kutumira projectiles pa necheparutivi pamusoro 5-55 inegumi. Horizontal nhungamiro - iri kuwanda rworwendo 30 mumwe divi. Izvi reactive maitiro "Smerch" zvikurukuru akasiyana "Hurricane", iro kutirambidza chinjikira nhungamiro - zvakafanana 30 madhigirii (15 madhigirii kurutivi). To setup yakanga yakatsiga panguva vachiridzira, neshure chikamu chine mbiri hydraulic abutment inodzingwa kwokutanga nzvimbo manually.

Mukana zvizere ndiyewo chokwadi kuti zvombo vanogona zvifambiswe zvakananga njanji. Akapiwa chokwadi chokuti chassis ari mumuchina vakapakata chiono usiku namano uye yepamusoro yeredhiyo, kunyange usiku chokufambisa harumiririri matambudziko chaiwo.

Information pamusoro njanji

Sami vatungamiriri vakaita muchimiro makobvu-norusvingo pombi, umo masvingo vane helical paburi, nokuti icho panguva chigadzirwa akasasiya akapfura Pin reactive mutariri. Pin Uku analoginen pamusoro rifling iri hunde dzacho zvidiki, sezvo zvaida Vector seti projectile.

All Mbuva njanji chakasimbiswa ndee paucheche rectangular chimiro. With semiaxes maviri, izvo hwakabatana pamwe chete pamusoro muchina, nechigadziko ichi chinogona vafurira kubaya zvakarurama pachishandiswa muhombe zvigadziriswe.

At zvakafanorongwa nzira vebasa iri dzaidzidziswa muedzo-pasi stabilizer (sezvo ari RPG kwepfuti). vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers "Smerch" imwe nguva chete rinotaura zvinopfuura 67 hectares!

Kakawanda, vachiridzira riri kuitwa kubva namahwindo nzvimbo. Zvichida moto kudzora zvakananga kubva mberi. Kukarukureta of zvakaoma zvinosanganisira vanhu vana yorunyararo matanhatu - munguva yehondo. BM akagadza mukuru, ane murwi uye mutyairi. Number varume kushumira chiridzwa zvinosiyana.

A zvishoma pamusoro projectiles

Usafungidzira kuti projectiles "Smerch" vane banal dzakakwirira putika mutariri. Zvinonzi zvino kushandiswa vanopfuura gumi nevaviri kwazvakaita dzavo, uye vari kuramba vari dzakabudirira mhando itsva.

The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa kwakajairika putika projectile 9M55F. The mugove musoro - wose kurema putika asingadi kupfuudza makirogiramu 100. Kushandiswa pakurapa yepamusoro zvitaviro kurwa zalegshey inifanduri uye kuparadzwa chiedza warrior motokari kufamba.

Kunyanya rokuputsa mauto muvengi 9M55K womuenzaniso yakazokudziridzwa. Panotangira nomumwe projectile 72 zvirimowo Kuparadzanisa zvinhu (2 neimwe makirogiramu), uye putika submunitions. 10-12 mhosva izvi chete vaizova zvakakwana kuparadza zvachose mureza inifanduri kambani.

Mukupesana, kunyanya hondo warrior motokari (kusanganisira inorema Matangi) yakazokudziridzwa 9M55K1 deko. Musoro ndechokuti vaitenderera mashanu otomatiki aiming. Kana kurwa hurongwa "Smerch" rinoshandiswa senzira "muvhimi ane matangi", nokuti kuparadzwa kwakakwana imwe tangi kambani (!) Quite munhu-nguva volley motokari mana chete.

Other zvigadziriswe

The kutenderera Chikamu muchina kwayo kwazvo mudziyo. magadzirirwo ayo rinosanganisira Rocking cheya, famba, vachisimudza uye compensating zvenhengo uyewo bhuku mashandiro nhungamiro uye kumabasa nhungamiro opareta. Hunokosha nokukiya zvigadziriswe (kusanganisira nokuti hydraulic Kuzunungusa), iro yakarurama hunoenderana. Muripo mashandiro zvinosanganisira peya torsion mbariro uye fastenings.

Kazhinji, kuti MLRS "Smerch", iro rine mufananidzo munyaya, kana pachena kuti moto volley aiparadza zadzisa, saka kuti mamiriro compensatory zvigadziriswe hakubvi zvakarurama chete, asiwo kuchengeteka yose kukarukureta.

In inowanzotorwa nzira nokuda aiming muperekedzi rinoshandiswa pamusoro chipfuro Hydroelectric tikachirega. Kana mashandiro rapera kana Akaremara, pane bhuku tikachirega. Kana uchifamba ose kutenderera zvikamu zviri rakakiyiwa nokukiya zvinogumbura. Mukuwedzera, mufambisi wengarava kudzorwa Check vharafu rocker anobatsira zvikuru yose zvakaoma kana kupfura.

The nemamiriro sighting chikwata rine yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi uye zvakanaka yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi kuona D726-45. Angle kuyera mudziyo chinhu kwakajairika kanoni staffing Panorama PG-1M.

Iyo inopa kunzwisisa "Twister"?

• Full kukarukureta akachengeteka, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuitisa zvose kurwisana uye kurovedzwa kupfura.
• Mukana chete uye vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers. Kana waita salvo raparadza, ipapo zvose anoshongwa kuenda kure muna 38 seconds. Izvi reactive "Smerch" atirari rakasiyana ayo dzimwe dzomuzana, izvo zvinoda nguva yakawanda kupfura.
• Kana pane ngozi pakuverenga munhu mapfuranhunzi kupfura kana kukanganisa moto muvengi, aigovera mukana kudzora moto kubva pokugara, yaiva kure 60 metres kubva muchina.
• Vanopfuura hafu kuzvidzora yenhengo iri kudzokororwa. Kunyange kana kukundikana zvinokosha zvinogona kuzvishumira chinangwa uye kupfura manually.

Other zvaangaita

Sezvo kunzwisisa rakazoshandiswa tichishandisa yapfuura (muna 1987), panguva ino, ayo kubviswa kubva mukurima haina kurongwa. Uyezve, nhasi, yakatanga zvirongwa zvinoverengeka nokuda mazuvaano kuti aripo zvombo mu "dutu".

Saka, zviri gadziriro chirongwa ichi chakanga hwakaoma kunzwisisa "musha" kudzora otomatiki moto, kunyange rakavambwa "Skit" zvakafanana rinoshandiswa MLRS "Uragan".

Setsika, vagadziri edu vatora vatarisire hwakakwana anoita zvose hurongwa vari okunze kuti chinogona wokubasa yose ndima yaimbova Soviet Union. Saka, volley moto hurongwa "Twister" anogona kushandiswa panguva tembiricha inobva -50 kusvika +45 Celsius.

Uyewo nhasi, kurwa kunzwisisa dzaishandisa kunyatsoona chinangwa, kunyange kusavapo mberi wakabudiswa kwayakatangira kana nokuda murwi. Chokwadi chokuti (zvizere zvaidiwa purogiramu upgrading kusvika 2020) yoku- midziyo "dutu" inoshanda zvakanaka kutungamirirwa unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari, ayo zvino kufungwa basa redu Armed Forces.

Izvi zvinoshandawo vamwe ACS nhungamiro, izvo kare basa kana pasi kukura. Somuenzaniso, muhondo mamiriro, dzaishandisa vanogona kushandisa nhungamiro hurongwa "Hurricane" kana "Grad". Kazhinji, kuti "dutu" - MRL zvinoshamisa "mapurasitiki", uye ichi chinopa incredible noupamhi yaibvira kushandiswa kwayo.

Murayiro muhondo kushandiswa

Sezvo dzimwe nguva dzose, kushandisa ino ndiyo reactive volley moto ari pasi chose kune chaizvo urongwa ari Charter.

Chokutanga, murayiro nemotokari MLRS bhurigedhi chinhu chinofanira kugamuchirwa mashoko pamusoro muvengi, uyewo nzvimbo yacho dislocation. Pahwaro mashoko zvinoita kukarukureta mugwara aaiitawo. Sarudza mhando zvombo, kuti arambe achirema remoto, uyewo ayo kuchinja zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu pasi. Pashure paizvozvo, mashoko ose akapfuura kuti murayiro pambiru weboka, iro rave akasarudzwa kuti mhinduro yacho runoenzanirana basa.

Pashure murayiro uyu nemamiriro kudzidza zvakawanwa, vachirondedzera navo zvinhu zvinowanikwa. Yandakapiwa "dutu" - ndege ezvinhu, nokuti huchishanda kunoda zvakarurama akazaruka uye Airy chinzvimbo, sapamazuva doro chisango kana nomunzvimbo dzine makomo, kanda projectiles kungasava wakachengeteka nokuda dzaishandisa.

Information ari ipapo chakasvitswa vatungamiri vezvikwata vari mhosva kurwisa nzvimbo muvengi.

The Data zvitange vari kupatsanurwa ari kadambari rinoreva mabhatiri "Smerch" (motokari nhanhatu). Zvose zvinoitika rwoga, nokuti uto rave vakawana kuti nzira iyi zvinoshamisa anowedzera kunyatsoshanda womoto. Uyezve, kakawanda saka kuderedza nguva kunodiwa kuunza zvakaoma kupinda vachiridzira chinzvimbo.

Pakarepo mushure maizvozvo, kuti zviumbu kumirira kuti kuvhura moto munzvimbo muvengi.

Ndizvo zvakataurwa "dutu". MLRS izvi zvakaratidza kuva zvinoshamisa runziro uye hwakavimbika chombo, uye saka anomira nhasi mubasa pamwe akawanda nyika munyika. Upgraded ayo nzira nhasi vanongogara rinowanika mauto edu.