"Hurricane" (MRL). Russian MLRS 9K57 "Hurricane"

Chombo zvombo sezvo nguva Soviet, uye zvino Russia anopfuurira kuva chikuru kwehwamanda kadhi, kwete chete kurwisana nezvombo, asiwo dzakawanda Nhaurirano.

Zvisinei, asati ichi kunouya Kazhinji. Where zvakakodzera mune ezuva vehondo ezvinhu reactive volley moto. Chimwe ndicho ndiye "Hurricane". MLRS kwakapararira muchiuto, zviri zvikuru chisingakoshi kubereka. Wapiwa rakavimbika uye nyore, hazvishamisi kuti ano katsika modernize ari Armed Forces ari zvakaoma, ane nhoroondo yakatanga kusvika 60s remakore rapfuura!

History chokusika

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vose mumhuri kukura uyu mhando chimwe nanambuya - MRL "Katyusha". Neimwe ichi ichokwadi, asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti ano vakawanda chitundumuseremusere launchers vari akanyatsosiyana akasiyana kunozivikanwa zvakaoma.

Somuenzaniso, senhungamiro mudzimba vagadziri kare vakasiya njanji hurongwa: haangagari kufanana trajectory ari projectile inotengwa zvikurukuru zvemasanga, uye mukana akamurairawo convergence zvakakwirira zvikuru.

Uye nekuti ichi tateguru MRL 9k57 "Hurricane" inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa nokugadza M-21b, rave kupinzwa basa kure 1963 gore rimwe.

Pasinei kwaye zviri MLRS ichi, mauto akanga asina kugutsikana zvizere. Ndokusaka muna 1963 muna Tula akapinda rehurumende kudzivirira kuti kukura aizobudirira muenzaniso itsva, umo makanga musina pokuperevedza M-21b. Kune vaya mauto anonzi ari pfupi yakaderera mukana wokushandiswa, uye lethality kwayo nomudonzvo projectile akanga kusingagutsi. Kufungisisa zvidzidzo Great Patriotic War, redu vemauto kutozivikanwa kunzwisiswa kuti yomuvengi warrior mbiru sevanokosha "gaya" mberi nguva, uye saka zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti zvinoshanda kuti kukura mutsva chakabatsira chiito kunyange asingaremekedzwi warrior kushungurudza.

Achitarira mberi, tinoona kuti 9k57 MLRS "Uragan" kuzvigona basa iri.

yokunyora nokudhirowa

Kubva 1963 kusvika 1964, nyanzvi Tula CDB riitwe misoro kudzidza basa ravo. Huru dambudziko, iyo zvino akamira pamberi pavo aiva pokugadzwa MRL, izvo zvaizoita kuti kurova munhu anofara uye motorized simba romuvengi nechokure 40 makiromita.

Mugumisiro zvidzidzo izvi uye akava chirongwa "Hurricane" panenge pakati 1964. MLRS ichi mhando vaifungidzira kukundwa kwavavengi nechokure 35 makiromita. Its nani aiva mukuru maneuverability, izvo zvinoita kuti nokukurumidza kubudisa volley kubva namahwindo chinzvimbo uye kusiya pasina dzakaonekwa nomuvengi.

Pakupera 1966 - muna Tula akatanga kuitisa pamwero mukuru tsvakurudzo basa mangwanani muna 1967 pamusoro tarisiro kuitwa gadziriro itsva kupinda basa. Its Zvakaguma vanzwisise zvakaoma kwazvo-rinorondedzerwa kunosanganisira zvose mashoko anodiwa chokuita hunhu anoshongwa vavo zvinhu zviri kushandiswa.

Pakazosvika 1970, Bazi Industry yakumbira kuti kwokupedzisira nekubatwa itsva MRL 9k57 "Hurricane". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva rinobatanidzwa kukura mainjiniya uye masayendisiti haasi chete Tula. Saka, muna uye dzakapoteredza Moscow Central Clinical Hospital ichiitwa misoro kudzidza nenyunje mhosva uye fuze enyika. Kazan akasikawo achidzinga mutariri projectile ane kukaseti mhando warhead.

Mugumisiro rokutanga miedzo

The uninitiated Muverengi anogona kushamiswa refu sei akatora indasitiri Soviet kuti pakasikwa munhu chete zvikabva kuti zvigadzirwa mhando iyi. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti panguva iyoyo nyore haana pamwero mukuru kuitika munzvimbo iyi. Somugumisiro basa rakaoma uye kuedza kuti yaiitwa munyika kugadzirwa Bureau, zvakanzi akawana yakasiyana hurongwa "Hurricane." MLRS iri kushandiswa akawanda munyika ichiri.

Zvikurukuru, rinogona kubatsira kurwisa kunyange muSiriya. Kazhinji, nguva yave kushandiswa tsvakurudzo iyi, chipo haisiri pamusoro. Somuenzaniso, ndiye reactive hurongwa "Smerch" multiple kanda chitundumuseremusere yakazokudziridzwa ndokuiswa basa pfupi inobvira nguva nemhaka yokuti achagoverwawo Masvomhu ose shumba yakanga yakagadzirira.

Ngatidzokerei kune bvunzo. Muna 1972, dare nyanzvi yave vakaisawo rinenge kupedza kumumvuri gadziriro, iyo kwapfuura zvose kugadzirwa nemiedzo. Huru maitiro akanga sezvinotevera:

• MRL vakapakata unguided projectiles uye mukuru-putika mhando kukaseti iyo vakatakura pamusoro 80 uye 105 makirogiramu ukuwo, ari putika.
• BM 9P140 icho vachiri akasarudza kushandisa chassis mureza žil-135LM (nokuda kunzwisisa uye kushaya gwaro urongwa yakawana chassis akarambwa).
• Machine kutakura vachizvitakudza 9T452, iyo anoiswa pamusoro chassis mumwechete žil-135LM.
• The kunzwisisa ine midziyo kuti kugadziriswa uye kugadzira michina.

Factory dokatka akatora vaviri makore, semubairo iyo magetsi akauya "Hurricane". MLRS ichi muna 1974 akanga pamusoro chete kuita unhu sezvo ari chipo. Pakupedzisira, muna 1976, zvakaoma pakupedzisira akabvuma kupinda basa.

Makore maviri kubirwa kubvisa zvimwe zvikanganiso zviduku. Uyezve, munguva ino nyanzvi akava mhando itsva uye zvinovimbisa vanoverengeka anoshongwa.

Zvii zvinoumba vanobatanidzwa mune rapera kunzwisisa?

• 9P140 yetsiva motokari pacharo.
• Machine pakupomera uye yokufambisa 9T452 anoshongwa.
• Reactive mhosva.
• Zvokushandisa otomatiki moto kuzvidzora uye kururamiswa 1V126 "Skit-B."
• Mari dzidzo nokurovedza vashandi vari ezvinhu pedyo kurwa.
• Machine njere 1T12-2M topographic nomunzvimbo dzine.
• Complex kutungamirirwa-kuwanikwa uye kutsvakurudza kuti okunze 1B44.
• Set yokuzvigadzirisa uye yokugadzirisa midziyo 9F381.

Vazhinji zvose hurongwa iri kudzokororwa, zvokuti kunyange kuakanganisa kana waipedza romoto muvengi kwakakwana haisi chipingamupinyi kuti yetsiva basa. Uyezve, chikuru chikamu remapazi kunogona kuitwa manually.

Powerplant

Machine kufamba kutungamirira maviri V-zvakaumbwa injini žil-375YA, mumwe nomumwe wavo ari 180 l. a. Mavhiri panhivi vari rinosundwa ayo injini, vane yakazvimirira hutachiwana uye drivetrain. Negore rokutanga uye chechina akabatana aidzora mavhiri vari vakatasva.

Mumuchina vakapakata kwete chete chakagadzirwa tai-kumanikidzwa zvichiongororwa hurongwa, pane mukana otomatiki paging pamusoro vanoenda. Throughput uye nokukurumidza unhu zvakanaka chaizvo. On mumwe akauzadzawo anogona kuramba kuti anenge 600 km zvichipa pamusoro kumhanya 65 km / h. nyore Machine mvura Unokunda zvipingamupinyi kuti 1,2 mamita kudzika pasina kudzidzisa chero okuwedzera.

Nokuti mashoko ari kuverenga uye vachizvitakudza

In yorunyararo, kuti basa kukarukureta vanhu vana: motokari mukuru, murwi uye peya evadzimi, vari basa remaoko kutungamirirwa uye yokuzvigadzirisa. Munguva yehondo, boka yakawedzera kuti vanhu vatanhatu, sezvo vakawanda remapazi zvinofanira kuteererwa manually.

Sezvambotaurwa, haulage vachizvitakudza anoshongwa vari yaakaita chaiwo muchina 9T452, inovakwa pamusoro chete chassis. Mumwe muchina haasi chete rinotakura 16 zvombo, asi rinewo navo midziyo isina zvimwe zvokushandisa. The kwacho anonyatsokwanisa michini, zvinotora maminitsi asingasviki 14. Used TZM Crane izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kusimudza mitoro anosvika 300 makirogiramu.

Sezvineiwo, zvakafanana pevara uye vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Grad".

Equipment kuchaja michina

The midziyo kunosanganisira kuchaja chaizvo muchina puranga kuti kutakurwa zvombo, rammer, kondo uye chitakuriso trolleys. ari oga dare, kupambwa projectiles kunoitwa vakaparadzana "nenzara" nokuda opareta. akavhiyiwa All dosylka anoshongwa, kuzodzosera pombi uye chikamu-nguva panorongwa rwoga, asi iwe unogona manually basa, kana zvichidikanwa.

Rammer pachake - mutungamiriri chinokosha ine Hwokutengesa mashandiro, iyo mhepo yakapoteredza kurudyi kunzvimbo. With nyore uye inobudirira nomazviri kunangiswa ari opareta kutorerwa kudiwa manually batanidza mutungamiriri rammer. All hurongwa basa nemagetsi Zvifambiso uye emagetsi zviri zvachose zvionera, uye saka basa ravo havafaniri kumhanya chikuru injini yacho muchina.

kushandiswa anoshongwa

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakawanda nguva mainjiniya akazvitora haana kugadzira ari chassis, uye kusikwa pakubhadhara itsva anoshongwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ravo magadzirirwe basa akaratidza kuti ubereke zvikuru. Saka, kusvikira 90% -established Data vakanga vakabudirira kushandiswa "Smerch" hurongwa kukura.

Somugumisiro vakawanda kuedza zvakanzi akasikwa sere kana pfumbamwe marudzi makuru anoshongwa. Pari, vamwe vavo havana kushandiswa sezvo vakatsiviwa zvitsva yokutevedzera. Vazhinji vavo dzinoiswa.

Rakajairika yaiva 9M27F projectile nepokuongorora kwakajairika mukuru-putika kusabatana warhead. Zviri pasi nokudenga, akaronga kuparadza zvose vashandi muvengi uye warrior motokari. Mukanyiwa of putika ndiyo 49 chete makirogiramu kana projectile zvachose kurema 180 makirogiramu.

Vanenge chete kakawanda reactive hurongwa "Hurricane" muchiso anoshandisa mhosva 9M27K akashongedzera submunitions kunge "makazara" pamwe achirova zvinhu. Ndivo chaizvo vanobudirira mukurwisa muvengi inifanduri uye chiedza michina.

Projectile pacharo anoyera anenge 271 makirogiramu, rine 30 zvinokosha. Mumwe nomumwe wavo - musi 350 zvikamu kurovana putika. Kunyange chinhambwe mamita 100 kubva kuputika projectile banzurwa nyore rinobaya 2mm homogeneous unhu simbi.

Very zvakafanana ichi mutariri 9M27K1 muenzaniso wo anoshandisa kukaseti mugove ane muzvizhinji kuti submunitions. Musiyano chete ndechokuti anopatsanura zvinhu (uyewo zvidimbu anenge 30) apo kurova pasi zvimwe kusvetuka muna zvakapetwa kagumi kuwedzera lesion nharaunda. Kunyanya, ndiro akashongedzerwa vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "dutu", aka "dutu."

The womumhuri zvakaoma uye kuzvikudza chaiye vagadziri chinhu goko 9M27K2 yakagadzirirwa kure kuisa Anti-tangi minefields. Inoshandisa mureza Anti-tangi migodhi PTM-1. Mune imwe projectile 24 zvimbambaira. Ivo zvakagadzirirwa nyore kuisa miganhu kana yokurwisa muvengi matangi. Kuzivikanwa Maminitsi ndechokuti pashure maawa 3,4, ivo kuzvidzora destruct, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kurega kurwiswa pachavo tangi mugove.

Inenge nechikonzero ichochi yakazokudziridzwa 9M27K3. Musiyano ndechokuti anoshandisa PFM-1S zvimbambaira akagadzirirwa kuparadza muvengi manpower. Mune imwe projectile zvirimowo pamusoro 312 landmines. Volley mumwe muchina rinofukidza 60 hectares. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti ichi chinhu chombo ngozi chaizvo. "Hurricane" zvingangoguma kure kugadzwa zvizere pakati minefields chaipo pamberi muvengi chichiwanikwa chaizvo kwazvo wongororo muna Afghanistan.

Kunyanya nokuti kuparadzwa kwomuvengi akakombwa kuzvidzivirira zvinhu zvakasikwa 9M51 chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. The mugove musoro akashongedzerwa ane mvura putika, dzaizopiwa thermobaric kuputika. Zvakaipira muenzaniso uyu kuti kufadza vachiridzira siyana hakuiti pfuura 13 km.

Shell 9M27C - incendiary. Zvikuru akagadzirirwa zvinoparadza hakusi chete yomuvengi manpower, asiwo inokosha chikamu zvinhu (In hangars, dzokuchengetera pamwe midziyo).

Sezvinogona kuoneka, vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere gadziriro (nokuti kudzokorora mumwe wavo akapa munyaya) inogona kushandiswa kwete chete kufukidza midzi inifanduri kana zvigadzirwa kufora, asiwo kugadzirisa yakasvinuka uye kwenguva refu zvinangwa.

Modern Perspectives uye mazuvaano kuti nehurongwa

Sezvatakurukura kakawanda wakaona, zvakaoma pacharo kunoramba kuri upgraded, ndiye pokumuka pakubhadhara itsva anoshongwa. Nhasi, vakawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa "Hurricane" inomira vakanga vakabata kunyange hondo Yemen, tisingatauri zvose yaimbova Kishi. Bazi Defence negore zvibvumirano romugove uye dzigadziridzwe izvi hurongwa munyika, saka kuti kushaya kukurumbira haisiri kutaura kwete.

Pane imwe nguva, Ukrainians vakatambura MRL pamusoro ari chassis pamusoro KrAZ-6322.

rwisana chikumbiro

Tiine pakatanga hondo muna Afghanistan iri kukurukurwa chete yakanaka MRL vaudzewo muhondo ezvinhu. Uyezve, akashandisa ashandisazve muSiriya zvechiuto kare 1980s apo vakawanda kurwisana naIsraeri. gadziriro iyi kakawanda kushandiswa nemauto edu zvombo kurwisa zvisiri pamutemo anopamba nezvombo muBosnia, muChechnya.

Sezvo vachiti pachavo muchiuto, kokupedzisira akawanda kanda chitundumuseremusere hurongwa ichi mhando rinoshandiswa zvinobudirira panguva chazezesa zviitiko Georgia muna 2008.

Ndezvipi tarisiro?

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti kuti MLRS "Hurricane" zvino yakati yechinyakare. Chikonzero ndechokuti kuti kwakadaro, kuti kufadza siyana yomuvengi kukundwa iri zviduku - 35 chete? Km. Chete "Smerch" atova anopa 80-90 makiromita.

Asi pano zvakafanira kuti pfungwa inokosha. Chokwadi chokuti chinangwa izvi hurongwa kuchiri zvakasiyana. Kwete kuva vavhiringika projectiles caliber 200 neMM, pamwe vazvo muna 300 mm. Wokupedzisira (nokuti "Dutu") riri zvikuru kwete chete, asiwo kwakanyanya zvikuru. kureba rwavo mita kana kuti kupfuura kuti "Hurricane." Saka, nguva yokuti overcharging uye kurwisana nekutumirwa kwemauto zvinoda substantially zvakawanda zvakaoma.

Asi "Dutu" vari chakanakisisa pane chinyakare kumberi atirari. Kunyange kuzvidzora propelled howitzers (se "MSTA-S") vachiridzira mukati 13-30 km nokuitika anoshongwa yavo kusimba zvikuru. MRL inokupai mukana chaizvo pfupi nguva kukudziridza inouraya zvechokwadi hurongwa.

Mumwe bhatiri (motokari nhanhatu), anokwanisa kuparadza muromo warrior dzakawanda kana kuti kunyange "mbeu" mazana maeka antitank kana Anti-vashandi zvimbambaira.

Panewo kusiri kuwedzerera kutaura kuti kwerunyararo kumberi shanduro MLRS anodhura kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, uye chokudzidzisa dzaishandisa zvinotora nguva yakawanda.

Zvaakanga upgraded, reactive mugadziriro salvo moto "Hurricane" kwete chete wana kukanganiswa itsva uye nhungamiro gadziriro iri kubaya, asi anogona kunyatsokurukura dyidzana pamwe UAV. Iye zvino, mauto Russian zvombo kunosanganisira zvakawanda unmanned zvemuchadenga motokari, saka kuti ichi mukana haina okushamisira.

Muchidimbu, izvi hurongwa achiri achiwanikwa.