Chokuguma steels

Sei ndichida chokuguma uye Chikurukuru - zvinorevei? Chokutanga, zviri kukonzerwa nebumbiro romutemo kuti anoratidza ehupfumi vezvinhu. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe chigadzirwa rinoshandisirwa bumbiro wako. Chero indasitiri (namakemikari, motokari, rinorema, chiedza) kunoda chokuguma kana zimbabwe.

Industrial chokuguma (eg kupenda steels uye alloys) zvinobatsira qualitatively kuita mimwe basa ikoko, achava kupi pashure chigadzirwa ichi. Ngatitii chokuguma pombi kuchaita vavaki kubudisa inoyerera rworudyi mvura kuti, akavapindurawo, haitungamiriri tsaona isingatarisirwi nenyere hwatsvuka pasi mutoro.

Wakaitwa Kunyora rava zvisingafi pendi. Zvinotevera zvishoma akapa kupatsanura uye ndezve steels. Saka ...

Mugore kwakajairika simbi (vanhuwo unhu) rinoshandiswa Cm tsamba uye nhamba. Zvinoita sokuti ST3, St2, St1, St0. Steel unhu (kabhoni) anozivikanwa nenhamba kaviri, uye nhamba inoratidza zviri kabhoni pauwandu hweavo (hundredths ane) .. 40, 25, 10, 08, nezvimwewo, uye tsamba T iri chokuguma zvinoratidza rakawedzera kugutsikana mune simbi pakati manganese (18g , 14D, etc.)

Steel submachine ungaona tsamba yokutanga Russian arufabheti A (A30, A12, etc.). On kabhoni simbi mudziyo, tsamba Y (U12, U10, U8, apo nhamba dzinoratidza zviri ndarira iri 10 wacho ane muzana).

Brand chiwanikwa steels ane tsamba dzinoratidza zvakamisa hurongwa zvaisanganisira ari Kuronga chaiyo simbi, zvinoratidza kwavo avhareji zviri senitrogen akasarudzwa sezvo A, aruminiyamu - Y vanadium - F, Boron - P, manganese - T, cobalt - K, Si - C manganese - T, molybdenum - M, mhangura - D Ni - H, selenium - B, mumwe kabhoni - Y, Ti - T Chrome - X, phosphorus - P, zirconium - TS

Yokutanga nhamba anoratidza zviri simbi chinoumba rinonzi kabhoni iri hundredths ane kurondedzerwa kuti STRUCTURAL steels uye gumi - nokuti Stainless steels uye mudziyo. Ipapo tsamba akasarudzwa alloying maatomu akafanana. By tsamba achiteverwa nhamba inotaridza avhareji zviri maatomu akafanana izvi muzvikamu (integers). Kana zviri alloying zvinhu idukusa namashanu muzana, digits pashure tsamba chakakodzera haana kunyorwa. Kuvapo pakupera tsamba A kunoratidza yakakwirira kunaka simbi. Tsamba W - inokosha musiyano unhu (kunyanya Stainless simbi).

Munhuwo simbi unhu: BSt0, VSt0, St0 (ruvara rutsvuku, kana rwegirini); VSt1kp, St1 (tsvuku), BSt3, St3, VST3kp, BSt3kp, VSt3 (yakatsvuka) BSt4, St4, BSt4kp, VSt4kp, VSt4 (nhema) St5 uye VSt5 (girini ruvara) uye pakupedzisira St6 (Color zvitema ).

Carbon Steel unhu: 20, 15, 10, 08 (chena ruvara); 40, 35, 30, 25 (chena, yellow); 60, 55, 50, 45 (chena, mashava).

Structural Steel chiwanikwa: chromium (girini ruvara, yero); Chrome (ruvara rwegirini, dema); Chrome (kana girini kana rwehute); Chrome Manganese (dema, zvitema); manganese (brown kana zvitema); hromokremnemargantsovaya (zvitema, tsvuku); hromoalyuminievaya (aruminiyamu); hromonikelemolibdenovaya (pepuru kana dema).

Ngura nemishonga simbi: CrNi (yakatsvuka, kana aruminiyamu); Chrome; chromium (aruminiyamu kana dema), hromotitanovaya (yeyero kana aruminiyamu); hromonikeletitanovaya (zvitema, aruminiyamu); hromonikelekremnistaya (green, aruminiyamu); hromomargantsenikelevaya (Color aruminiyamu kana shava), hromonikeleniobievaya (chena, kana aruminiyamu) uye hromonikelemolibdenotitanovaya simbi (Violet ruvara, aruminiyamu).

High-nokukurumidza simbi, akasarudzwa kuti ave P18 (yendarira kana tsvuku) uye P9 (ndarira ruvara).

Firm alloys sintered. In alloys dzakadaro zvinotevera nyora aishanda steels: VK2 (chena dema mutsetse); VK3-M (orenji ubvise ari mutema), VK4 (orenji); VK6 (zvitema ruvara); VK6-B (Violet); VK6-M (chena ubvise pamusoro mutema); BK8 (tsvuku); BK8-B (zvitema mutsetse uri dzvuku); VK15 (chena); T30K4 (zvitema); T15K6 (girini ruvara).

Kushandisa mitemo nyore izvi, zviri kumbonyanya nyore kuziva murwiyo uye zvivako zviri simbi. Chichatara asi yakatanga muna USSR, asi achiri chaizvoizvo nhasi ari Kishi uye Russia.