Large ouinjiniya miriwo muRussia

Russia - maindasitiri nyika pamwe kare maindasitiri kukura. Nokudaro, Russian muchina-kuvaka zvinomera kutamba aitungamirira basa iri National upfumi. The zvachose Vhoriyamu maindasitiri kugadzirwa mugove engineering zvigadzirwa iri kuwanda 20%. Ichi yakanaka avhareji sandara, zvisinei, zvakakodzera kuwedzera, nokuti dzinoverengeka dzakabudirira, nhamba iri pedyo 40% kana kupfuura.

Place indasitiri mu Russian indasitiri

Russian zvokuimba ouinjiniya ari nemamiriro National upfumi nezvimhingaidzo pakutanga pamwe Zvisaririra chinotsva indasitiri uye yekudyidzana kukasapfuura mamwe sectors hwenyika. Pashure pokuwa USSR, mugove waro mu "mukuru piggy" ne 28% (1990) akapeta kusvika 16% (1995), asi akabva atanga pakupora wakatsetseka. Pakazosvika mavambo XXI remakore nhamba yakawedzera kusvika 19%, uye kubudikidza 2015 - kusvika 22%.

Muna 2013, Russian muchina-kuvaka mafekitari vaiwana $ 190 billion (6 tiririyoni rubles). Total muRussia mune 19 maindasitiri zvivako, vanopfuura zana Sub-sectors uye munhu maindasitiri. The ouinjiniya zvinobatanidzwa pamusoro 40.000 mabhizimisi ane hukuru zvose uye dzakasiyana siyana muridzi (2000 vavo - guru ndivo), ndiro imwe muzvitatu uwandu maindasitiri mabhizimisi. 1/3 of zvachose nokushanda vakawanda Anoshanda ari indasitiri: vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4,5 vanhu (3.5 mamiriyoni wavo - kushanda). A dzakawanda vashandi anosarudza evanhu kukosha nemauto pakupa basa.

nhoroondo mashoko

Peoples mu Russia vaiita simbi kubudiswa kubva panguva yakare. Munguva Urals, mumusha macho yekare vakawana apo yakanyauka simbi uye akaita nazvo zvakasiyana siyana kwemakore anopfuura 6,000 apfuura. In Kievan Rus atova X remakore paiva okudhindira makuru, kubudisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Muzana XII remakore, namadzibaba edu nyanzvi akatendeuka uye azvikuya michina. Zvisinei, chokutanga muchina-kuvaka zvirimwa muRussia akazviratidza XVI remakore. Vakanga chokuita chombo nyaya woiswa Tula. Production kwaibva yomunzvimbo simbi mhangura, asi yakanga dziwande diki, ichiparara uye vasiri systemic.

A echimurenga Kuchinja indasitiri kwakaitika pasi Peter I, uyo akanga kushingaira expansionist itsika. hondo yake aida zvikuru ano zvombo, zvombo uye midziyo. With kuwanikwa makuru deposits esimbi esimbi pakati Urals imomo zvakasikwa uye muchina-kuvaka emakambani, kazhinji zvombo.

locomotives indasitiri

Upamhi chakarondedzera kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa kunotungamirira chokuti vazhinji guru muchina-kuvaka zvinomera muRussia, ari chete mugadziri nedzimwe zvigadzirwa, panguva imwe chete ane zviduku rokutengesa eThe hwemari nemashoko. With chikuru makambani Russian ari mafuta indasitiri, simbi uye petrochemical Mazinga akafanana panyaya yacho Implementation ane "AvtoVAZ" AHK "Sukhoi", OJSC "GAZ" boka "muto" uye OJSC "KAMAZ".

Kuwanda kutungamirira zvinosanganisira kunyanya motokari makambani (mapurani Sub-kwemauto pamwe kumusoro mugove maumbirwo goho engineering zvigadzirwa) uye MIKA, uye uwandu guru muchina-kuvaka kugadzirwa (ane wepagore turnover anopfuura mabhiriyoni 5 rubles) iri zviduku.

Holdings uye FPG

Russian zvokuimba ouinjiniya mumakore achangopfuura akatanga nzira inotungamirwa zvokukunda makambani uye zvemari-maindasitiri mapoka (maonde). Kana izvi kuchengetwa somunhu pakuzadzisa muchina-kuvaka makambani uye Holdings, vakasikwa makore zvapfuura (OMZ, simba injiniya dzesangano, "New Zvirongwa uye pfungwa" uye vamwe), uye kuumbwa mapoka matsva yakaumbwa pahwaro guru, aiwana mune dzimwe maindasitiri. Chinonyanya kuoneka kuwedzera injiniya simbi makambani, zvakazoita paumbwe motokari simba FPG "RusPromAvto" uye boka yemotokari makambani "Severstal". Somugumisiro mumwe kana makambani makuru shoma (mapoka) dzakaumbwa dzakawanda Sub-sectors, vakabata navo hukuru chinzvimbo.

Kudeuka muchina-kuvaka zvirimwa muRussia

The pamazita makambani anopfuura 12,000 vashandi, yakaderera nezvikamu murayiro (kubvira 120 kusvikira wandei dhazeni). Top 10 Makambani kwenhamba vashandi kwakavakirwa ndianiko kuchinja kunoshamisa mumakore gumi apfuura. A zvinoverengeka mafekitari chaizvoizvo kusauka, vamwe yekudyidzana kuderedzwa netsvimbo. Somuenzaniso, tinofanira kupa kuenzaniswa tafura engineering zvaRafa panguva chinenge uye nhasi.

A uwane mazita makuru anodawo makambani ne nharaunda iri sezvinotevera.

Central Federal District

In kumavirira, Russian yepamusorosoro kuzvidzivirira indasitiri vari dzichiitika (semuenzaniso, ndege uye chitundumuseremusere kugadzirwa, mhepo kudzivirira hurongwa uye radar pfuti, mavhiri motokari), nzvimbo maindasitiri, manufactures zvakawanda Diesel michini, njanji zvokushandisa, michina uye midziyo. Muna Kaluga nharaunda pane nesumbu dzimwe Vagadziri Autos. Zvichakadai, zvipfuwo repair hofori AZLK uye žil vakarasika ukuru.

• EKR Enterprise "Almaz-Antey" (uwandu Group vashandi 98.000 vanhu). Chinosanganisira Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Avangard" (kugadzirwa zvombo Anti-ndege), Dolgoprudnenskoe NPP (zvombo Anti-ndege), maNGO LEMZ (radars), Moscow Radio Engineering Plant (maredhiyo) uye vamwe.
• Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva (43500 vanhu, Moscow.) - aitungamirira zvebhizimisi pamusoro chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo indasitiri. Anovandudza uye inobereka keriya zvitundumuseremusere "Purotoni", "Angara".
• Moscow Machine-Building Plant "Banner of Labor" uye rác "third" (14,500 vanhu, Moscow.) - kusunungurwa evadzimi "third".
• Car mafekitari makambani vatorwa, "Renault Russia" ( "Avtoframos", 2300 vanhu, Moscow.), "PSMA Rus» (Psa Peugeot Citroën uye Mitsubishi, Kaluga nharaunda.), "Volkswagen Group Rus" (Kaluga nharaunda.), "Volvo Vostok "(Kaluga nzvimbo.) uye vamwe.
• RSC "puhti" (Korolev) - anotungamirira chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo boka munyika.
• MIKA "NPO Machine Building" (18,000 vanhu, Reutov.) - iri chitundumuseremusere uye nzvimbo rwokugadzira.
• MZ "ZIO-Podolsk" (4700 pers.) - zvokushandisa renyukireya simba zvinomera uye CHP zvinomera.
• "Kolomna fekitari" (6400 pers.) - locomotives, dzemagetsi locomotives, Diesel michina.
• Bryansk Okugadzira (6800 pers.) - locomotives, nengoro.
• "Autodiesel" (Yaroslavl Automobile) - kugadzirwa injini.

Northwest FD

In St. Petersburg uye Leningrad nharaunda ine kupfuura muchina-kuvaka zvirimwa muRussia. shipyards Local nenzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo pakuvaka vemauto uye vehurumende matare. Pazvipfuwo Champions hofori saizi zvitoro (200 hectares muguta pakati) anomira Kirovsky Tractor Plant, chikuru mari izvo rakabvarurwa nzvimbo pane kusunungurwa Profile kugadzirwa. musuo Next, imwe fekitari huru "Ford" muna Vsevolozhsk anoita ,. Chimwe muchina-kuvaka muzinda nharaunda ndiro guta Severodvinsk, apo vanovaka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

• "Sevmash" (25,000 vanhu, Severodvinsk.) - kuvakwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.
• Shipyards St. Petersburg: "Admiralty Shipyards" (. Yokutanga muguta boka revanhu 8,000) "kuBaltic Plant" (. 4000 pers), "Severnaya Verf" (. 3500 pers), "Mid-Nevsky" (ca. vanhu 1000 ..) .
• zvokushandisa simba Kugadzirwa: kuti Leningrad Metal Works (muna 2017 Uratidze 160th gore, unobereka turbines), "Electrosila" (emagetsi), "Izhora Plants" (nokuti simba renyukireya zvokushandisa, Vacheri).
• Autoenterprise Ford, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai, General Motors, MUNHU, Scania.
• LOMO (St. Petersburg) - Manyiminya zviridzwa.
• Kirov Tractor Plant (8000 pers.) - kugadzirwa "Kirovets" nematarakita anofamba, siyana zvokushandisa.

Southern FD

The chikuru kutyaira simba zvokuimba okugadzira munzvimbo iri kugadzirwa zvokurima michina uye simba michina. Largest motokari mugadziri uye TagAz Volgograd Tractor Plant akazivisa kusauka.

• Engineering kambani "Rostselmash" (vanhu 10,000, Rostov-on-Don.) - kugadzirwa chokubatanidza vakohwi "Don" uye dzimwe okurima michina.
• "Red boilermaker" (4400 Pax, Taganrog.) - chikuru akaigadzira bhaira michina.
• "ATOMMASH" (Volgodonsk) - aitungamirira nokutengesa zvokushandisa renyukireya simba zvinomera uye CHP zvinomera.
• ON "kwezvinovharidzira" (3300 Pax, Volgograd.) - a-siyana kambani (atirari, chombo enyika nokuti simba renyukireya zvinomera uye mafuta uye gasi indasitiri).

Volga Federal District

Munzvimbo pane anozivikanwa muchina-kuvaka zvirimwa muRussia: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, "Tyazhmash", KAMAZ, UAZ, "Kalashnikov" uye vamwe. Range mishonga iri rakakura; kubva mabheyaringi (1/4 of wechipfuwo mumusika) kuti rakasiyana midziyo nokuda simba indasitiri, kubva motokari kune ndege.

• AvtoVAZ (52,000 vanhu, Togliatti.) - iri flagship kwenhamba anobudiswa mota.
• "Tyazhmash" (7000 Pax, Syzran.) - zvokushandisa anorema indasitiri.
• Automobile mafekitari kuti boka "Gas": Gorky Automobile Plant (diki uye svikiro-basa marori, motokari zvechiuto, mutakurwi motokari), "Pavlovsky Bus" (Paz), Ulyanovsk Engine Plant nevamwe.
• KAMAZ (Naberezhnye Chelny) - anotungamirira mugadziri zvezvipfuwo mumarori.
• Izhevsk maoko fekitari: "Kalashnikov" (. Kare "Izhmash", 4500 pers), "IMZ" (7000 pers.).
• The avhiyesheni Indasitiri pamusoro Bashkortostan: UMPO (21,000 vanhu, Uva.) - michini ndege, UPPO (Ufa) - Aviapribor, KumAPP (Kumertau) - gadzira uye yokugadzirisa helicopters "KA" dzakatevedzana.
• Perm Motors Group (12000 vanhu) -. Chombo uye ndege injini.
• MZ (7000 vanhu, Perm.) - Chombo.
• UAZ (Ulyanovsk) - SUVs uye minivans.
• "Aviastar-SP" (10,000 vanhu, Ulyanovsk.) - chikuru ndege chivakwa chirimwa (ndege "TU" yokutevedzera, "AN", "IL").

Ural FD

Ural hakuna tsaona inonzi mwoyo bhizimisi weRussia. Kuwanikwa mupfumi chicherwa deposits uye chinokosha inokosha nzvimbo vakava prerequisites kuti varindi pano huru maindasitiri emakambani, kunyanya zvine chokuita kubudiswa nesimbi uye kudzivirira indasitiri. The simba kupfuura ouinjiniya nzvimbo dziri Yekaterinburg uye Nizhniy Tagil.

• "Uralvagonzavod" (27,000 vanhu, Nizhny Tagil.) - mumwe flagships ari mumhuri okugadzira indasitiri. It kunobereka siyana zvigadzirwa kubva mitoro motokari dzehondo. Pabazi "Uraltransmash" (Ekaterinburg) vabereke kuzvidzora propelled atirari hurongwa uye trams.
• "Uralmash" (14,000 vanhu, Ekaterinburg.) - mutungamiri kugadzirwa kuchera, migodhi, metallurgia michina.
• Zeke (Ekaterinburg) - Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa mugadziriro, motokari basa.
• KuChelyabinsk Tractor Plant (13,000 vanhu) -. Nematarakita anofamba, mugwagwa rokuvaka michini, injini.
• Automobile Plant "Ural" (13,500 vanhu, Miass.) - mumarori.
• "KuKurgan" (4800 Pax, Kazan.) - motokari zvechiuto (BMP, nematarakita anofamba).
• Zlatoust Machine-Building Plant - rocketry.

Siberian Federal District

Engineering kugadzirwa pfungwa mupomerwi indasitiri, ndege uye zvokushandisa migodhi kushandiswa. Vazhinji zvinhu zvebhizimisi kusauka kana pedyo naro. Industry munzvimbo vanoda mazuvaano uye kutsigirwa.

• Aerospace Makambani: NAPO. VP Chkalov (vanhu 6000, Novosibirsk.) - kugadzirwa ndege kuti "akaoma"; "Polyot" (4500 Pax, Omsk.) - Aircraft "An" satellites "GLONASS" maitiro, chitundumuseremusere uye muchadenga michina; Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant - mumwe Vagadziri pakukura ndege: helicopters "Mi" uye ndege "Su" (vanhu 6,000.) Irkutsk Aviation Plant - ndege "Su", "Yak", "MS", zvinoumba nokuti Airbus; "Information Satellite Systems" (8000 Pax, Zheleznogorsk.) - satellites zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kutaurirana enyika.
• "Tyazhstankogidropress" (Novosibirsk) - aitungamirira akaigadzira hydraulic michina, muchina maturusi, pombi.
• Radiozavod navo. A. S. Popova (Omsk) - Radio engineering kutaurirana enyika.
• "Altaivagon" (7000 Pax, Novoaltaysk.) - kusunungurwa mota.
• LVRZ Engineering Enterprise (6000 vanhu, Ulan-Ude.) - kugadzirwa uye yokugadzirisa locomotives nezvitima.

Far Eastern Federal District

Nechipiriso ne munhu makuru akaitwa:

• KnAAZ navo. Gagarin (13,500 vanhu, Komsomolsk-on-Amur.) - aitungamirira vendege munyika. Available muchiuto (mhuri "Su", "Pak Fa") uye zvavo (Sukhoi Superjet) ndege, zvinoumba kuti "Boeing".
• Enterprises ose shipbuilding uye chikepe kugadzira: Amur Shipyard (Komsomolsk-on-Amur) - kare yabereka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kwenyukireya ikozvino zvechiuto uye rehurumende mudare; "Dalzavod" (Vladivostok); Seaside Factory (Nakhodka), Nakhodka Shipyard.

mhedziso

Russian ouinjiniya chinoenda kuburikidza dzakaoma. Pasinei asi simba maindasitiri mukana, ruzhinji flagships mashoma kugadzirwa, vazhinji kurarama zvakajeka. The indasitiri iri kurichemera zvinhu, mazuvaano michina nemidziyo, mumwe nzira itsva utariri. Zvichakadai, kuvakwa itsva mukuru-mabasa mabhizimisi, vaduku kazhinji uye nomutoo kadikidiki. Tine yechipiri mhepo miti yokuti pagadzirwe emauto zvigadzirwa. Ratidza kufarira zvikuru kune dzimwe shamwari, kunyanya automakers. Kana rutsigiro kunzwisisa pamusoro pehurumende uye private zvebhizimisi ouinjiniya anogona kuita mupiro kukuru kuti upfumi munyika.