Iron: sechivako atomu, zano uye mienzaniso. Electronic maumbirwo resimbi atomu

Funga electronic nemamiriro simbi atomu, uyewo nenzvimbo yaro periodic table. Ziva kiyi mumuviri uye namakemikari zvivako zviri chinhu, munda kushandiswa.

Mamiriro ari SS

Iron ari ichocho d-8 boka (Kuchinja boka). 26 ane Serial nhamba, hama mabhomba guru - 56, ayo atomu rine 26 protons, 26 maerekitironi, uye 30 neutrons. simbi iyi ane mukuru reactivity, Exhibits kwomuviri. Typical oxidation mamiriro +2, +3.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako atomu

Chii wemagetsi dhayagiramu pamusoro mamiriro ane atomu resimbi? Kana tikafunga pakugoverwa maerekitironi vari simba yomuropa, tinowana zvinotevera musimboti:

2e; 8e; 14 E; 2e. Kwakadaro nemamiriro Erekitironi goko ane atomu simbi rinopupurira wayo nzvimbo iri pazasi-mapoka, zvinopupurira kuva mhuri Dr. zvinhu.

Kuva zvakasikwa

Iron ndeimwe rakajairika sezvingatarisirwa kuitika zvine maatomu akafanana. Muna goko wayo kubva muzana zviri pamusoro 5.1%. In zvakawanda makadzika redu pane vatatu chete zvinhu: nesilicon, aruminiyamu, okisijeni.

Iron ores vanowanikwa siyana kumatunhu Nyika. Masayendisiti vaakawana remubatanidzwa wenyika simbi iri muvhu. In kugadzirwa resimbi esimbi anosarudzwa umo kugutsikana kwazvo 30 muzana.

The rinobva simbi rine anenge manomwe navaviri muzana simbi. Basic magnetite deposits dziri muna Kursk rinobva anomalies, uyewo Southern Ural Mountains. In bloodstone chikamu simbi rinosvika 65 muzana. Hematite akawanikwa munharaunda Krivoy Rog.

The ukoshi zvinomera nemhuka

Chii pakuita zvipenyu, anoita simbi? The nemamiriro atomu rinotsanangura ayo rokudzorera ehupfumi. Uyu mushonga chaikosha chikamu Chizenga, zvichiriita nevamwe yakatsvuka. About matatu magiramu yakaisvonaka simbi, akawanda uko wakazopinzwa Chizenga, anowanikwa mumuviri mukuru. Chinangwa chikuru ndechokuti kutamira munyama pakati mumapapu yezviri okisijeni uye kushaya kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa aumba.

Zvinodiwa ichi simbi uye zvirimwa. Sezvo chikamu cytoplasm, zvinotora Zvinoshingaira mubasa nedanho photosynthesis. Kana chirimwa haisi simbi zvakakwana, mashizha awo vane chena ruvara. Shoma kupfeka munyu esimbi chirimwa mashizha kutendeukira girini.

mumuviri ehupfumi

Taiongorora nemamiriro atomu resimbi. The Dunhu inosimbisa kuti ichi esimbi kubwinya chaikosha (iripo Valence maerekitironi). In yesirivha-chena simbi nekaupenyu yakakwirira utsotso pfungwa (1539 Celsius). Nokuda zvakanaka ductility pamusoro simbi kunogona nyore rinopfungaira, tsika, nokuchengetedza.

Kukwanisa magnetization uye demagnetization hunhu resimbi, akariita kwazvo mashoko pagadzirwe cores electromagnets simba mune motokari siyana uye nemotokari yemagetsi.

How rinoita simbi? Nemamiriro rinoratidza kuvapo atomu panguva chokunze pachiyero maerekitironi zviviri ichapiwa mukufamba makemikari kuita. Kuwedzera kwayo zvakaoma uye simba, uye kuita mamwe rinopfungaira kuomeswa simbi. pezvakaitwa vakadaro havasi achiperekedzwa nokuchinja sechivako atomu.

mhando simbi

Electronic Urongwa simbi atomu, zano iro chakakurukurwa pamusoro, anotsanangura ayo makemikari unhu. In simbi kutengeswa yakaisvonaka, inova shoma-kabhoni simbi ane chikamu chikuru chiri simbi. Sezvo tsvina kwakaratidza inenge 0,04 muzana kabhoni, rinewo phosphorus, senitrogen, nesarufa.

simbi mishonga yakachena pamusoro wayo zvimwewo parameters rakafanana Platinum. Rine yakakwirira nemishonga kuti ngura pezvakaitwa, akatsiga kusvikira acids. Kuchangotanga netsvina nezvevanakomana mune yakachena simbi yakasiyana zvachiri apere.

zvokusarudza kuti

Sechivako aruminiyamu uye simbi maatomu enzvimbo amphoteric inoratidza huru subgroup kuti aruminiyamu, zvichiita kuishandisa pfungwa yokuzvimiririra redare kubva oxides ayo. Aluminothermy akaita panguva tembiricha yakakwirira, runoita kuti govera wakachena simbi kubva dzinongoitika ores. Kuwedzera aruminiyamu somunhu simba kuderedza mumiririri anosarudzwa rehydrogen, imwe oxide kuti kabhoni (2) uye marasha.

Kunyanya makemikari ehupfumi

Ndezvipi makemikari ehupfumi esimbi iri? The nemamiriro atomu rinotsanangura kwayo kuderedza basa. Dare, dzinoratidzwa paumbwe dzinotevedzana maviri yeimwe vane oxidation wehurumende +2, +3.

In nyorovera mhepo, pane muitiro Ngura (ngura) ari simbi, zvichiguma nokuumbwa resimbi hydroxide (3). With okisijeni neshungu simbi waya ikasakendenga pamwe veMubatanidzwa nhema simbi oxide upfu (2.3), anonzi yesimbi oxide akamboona.

At yakakwirira tembiricha simbi inokwanisa kuita nemvura mhute, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe yakavhenganiswa oxide. The muitiro anenge rehydrogen shanduka.

Zvaakazoita nevasiri nesimbi kunoitika chete panguva rokutanga kudziyisa ari kutanga zvinoriumba.

Iron anogona zvazvichanyungudutswa sanganisa sulfuric kana hydrochloric acids pasina preheating musanganiswa. Dzichiitika sulfuric uye hydrochloric asidhi passivate chicherwa.

Chiizve ane makemikari ehupfumi simbi? Sechivako ane atomu rimwe chinhu rinoratidza ayo avhareji basa. nzvimbo iyi yasimbiswa simbi kuti rehydrogen (H2) ari electrochemical akatevedzana. Somugumisiro, unogona bvikinyidza kubva munyu vose nesimbi, izvo riri kurudyi Napamusara Beketova. Saka, zvakaitwa pamwe mhangura (2) rinoitwa pasi kudziyisa, ndiko yavaive rakachena mhangura uye kuwana ferric chloride mhinduro (2).

mafomu

The chikuru yose simbi inoshandiswa pakugadzira simbi uye simbi. The simbi chikamu muzana kabhoni zviri 3-4 muzana simbi - kwete kupfuura 1,4 muzana. Izvi nonmetal chaikosha anoita mashandiro dzekugonesa Muitiro unobatanidza simba. Uyezve, chokwadi zvinokanganisawo ngura ehupfumi pakati alloys kunowedzera kurwisa kwemashoko kuti tembiricha yakakwirira.

vanadium yokuvirisa zvakakodzera kuwedzera simba zvemaziso pamusoro simbi. Chromium kunowedzera kuramba hasha makemikari.

Ferromagnetic ehupfumi iyi kwemakemikari chaikosha akariita yakakurumbira maindasitiri mafomu, kusanganisira zviri electromagnets. Mukuwedzera, simbi akawana kushandiswa yaro chirangaridzo indasitiri. A muzinda kugadzira matkamuistoja siyana kudaro mavara magnets a ari firiji.

Simba uye ductility kubvumira kushandiswa simbi kuti pakasikwa dzokurwa, zvombo siyana.

Ferric chloride (3) rakashandiswa wokunatswa mvura pakusachena. In mushonga 26 chaikosha Periodic table yaishandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakadai kupererwa neropa. Panguva chiitiko yokushomeka masero matsvuku eropa pane kuneta, ganda tarisa ruvara rweganda mavhundukiro ayo zvacheneruka. gadziriro simbi kubatsira kubvisa Dambudziko rakadaro, dzokerai muviri ezuva. Iron ane kunyanya kukosha kuti basa thyroid shwanu, chiropa. Saka muviri womunhu hausi zvinetso zvakakomba, bikai zvakakwana zuva anenge 20 MG yacho simbi.