Dzidziso relativity: nhoroondo remakore rechimakumi maviri, mukuru pfungwa

Dzidziso relativity, iyo nzira iyo akanga akapa vezvesayenzi pedyo Einstein pakutanga remakore rapfuura, ine refu uye zvinonakidza nhoroondo. Nenzira iyi masayendisiti vakakwanisa kukurira yakawanda kuzvipokanidza, kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda nesayenzi, kuti asike itsva munda nesayenzi. Panguva iyoyowo, dzidziso relativity haasi magumo chigadzirwa zvimwe mhando, inokudziridza uye anovandudza pamwe kukura zvesayenzi.

Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira danho rokutanga, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira Einstein wakakurumbira Pfungwa, pakuonekwa wakashata dzidziso Nicolaus Copernicus. Zvadaro, inobva zvakawanwa musayendisiti wePolish, Galileo akagadzira inozivikanwa musimboti yake, pasina izvo dzidziso relativity kuti kungoti haana kutora nzvimbo. Maererano nazvo, kutsoropodza nokuti Pakusarudza spatial-epanyama zvechadenga hurongwa aiva chinhu panotaurwa pachinhu icho chinhu yakatama.

Danho rinokosha, iyo vakashanduka dzidziso relativity, chokuita nezita Isaac Newton. Anozivikanwa kuva "baba" pamusoro dzenhoroondo Vanamakanika, asi ndiyo musayendisiti aiva nepfungwa yokuti mitemo wefizikisi havasi vose zvakafanana nokuti zvakasiyana orutivi bhuku. Panguva iyoyowo, Newton pakutsvakurudza ake aibva ndechokuti nguva dzose zvinhu uye mananara kwakakurumbira, uye zvinhu handishanduki kureba, mune chero maitiro havasi akaiswa. Ari kutanga kwakamboitwa zvesayenzi yaifamba pfungwa kwakakwana nzvimbo uye mhedziso nguva.

Dzidziso relativity, zvichida, asingagoni kunge zvichikwanisika kana kwete kuferefeta pakati zvivako zviri remagetsi munda, ramakagadzwa kanoda inogarwa D. Maxwell uye HA Lorentz. Zvakanga pano kuti pawakatanga kuzivikanwa Wednesday, spatial nezvenyama unhu kuti vakasiyana avo kuti akaumba hwaro dzenhoroondo Newtonian makanika. Zvikurukuru, yakapa pfungwa pamusoro Lorentz marwadzo kwemiviri hama kuti Eteri, kureva kuti nzvimbo kuti anoumba hwaro remagetsi munda.

Einstein akataura zvakasimba pamusoro chero mhando yaiva pfungwa ngano mhepo. Maererano naye, hapana mhedziso inofamba hakuwaniki, uye zvose nezvezvinotaurwa puranga vakaenzana nomumwe. Kubva chinzvimbo ichi vanofanira, kune rumwe rutivi, mitemo mumuviri hwokuzvimirira umo maviri hurongwa interconnected kuchinja izvi zvichiitika, uye kuno rumwe, - kuti chete chenguva ndiwo mwero nako zvinopfakanyika vacuüm it chiedza danda. Zvakawanikwa izvi vakabvumira kwete chete kuratidza kuitwa mitemo Newton vake, asi kuti zvinetso zvose zvikuru kuti aiswe basa rake pamusoro yemagetsi H. Lorentz.

Mune ramangwana, relativity dzidziso yambokurukurwa kwete chete mashoko nesungano pakati spatial nezvenyama maitiro, asiwo se chinhu chinokosha kudzidza zvivako kuti nyaya dzakadai vakawanda uye simba.

The inokosha postulates pamusoro Albert Einstein chakandibatsira zvikuru kwete chete wefizikisi uye nedzimwe sayenzi dzinongoitika, asiwo vamwe minda zivo zhinji. Saka, muna yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri nayo akawana hwakanyanya mukurumbira dzidziso mitauro relativity chokuita mazita Edward Sapir uye B. Whorf. Maererano nezano iri, vanofunga zvenyika munhu simba zvikuru kuti mutauro nzvimbo yaanogara.