Antidepressants - chii? Mapiritsi uye antidepressants

Modern "mhanya" kunonoka upenyu, nemidungwe mashoko kuti munhu anofanira kugadzirisa zuva nezuva, uyewo nevamwe vazhinji, vakawanda vavo kunaka zvinoita kuti chokwadi chokuti muviri uye pfungwa haigoni kumira. Kushaya hope uye kushushikana, atadze kushanda zvakanaka uye kukurukurirana, ari zvichiwanzoregwa, uye kazhinji vakanyura achishandisa zvinodhaka kana mimwe simba zvinhu, pakupedzisira kutungamirira zvirwere zvakadai kunzwisisa, akadai chisingaperi kuneta syndrome (CFS) uye zvakasiyana mwoyo. Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa kuti vaongorori yezvokurapa mwoyo kusvikira 20 gore fung rino remakore kwenhamba nyaya kupfuura vatungamiriri remakore rechimakumi maviri - zvirwere uye zvirwere kumwoyo. In kutamburira pamwe zvokuora mwoyo, mishonga yakasiyana-siyana nevanhu kwakavakirwa dzinongoitika uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa zvinoriumba. Antidepressants - chii? Zvavari uye kana zvinodhaka izvi kurapa mwoyo kana chete aivabatsira zviratidzo zvayo? Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira zvinodhaka zvakadai? Nyaya ino achaedza kupindura iyi nemimwe pamusoro antidepressant mugumisiro zvavo kushandisa uye zvakaipira mabiko.

Chii?

Sezvo zita rinoreva, antidepressants (anonziwo timoleptikov) - iri mishonga psychotropic anoshanda pamusoro mwoyo zviratidzo. Nemhaka zvinodhaka izvi zvakawedzera kufunganya uye kunyanyisa mupfungwa, listlessness uye lethargy, kushaya hope yekudyidzana akaderedza kana kunyange kunyangarika zvachose. Kwakakonzerwa boka iri zvinodhaka zvakasiyana zvose makemikari marongerwo uye akafanana, uye mashandiro nezvaaiita.

Ungazviita sei?

Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri, Anti-kuora mwoyo - ndiko: kuparadzwa muviri kana kubatsira vanorohwa psyche kwevanhu. Ngatitarisei kuti zvinodhaka izvi kushanda. Uropi hwomunhu rine muzvizhinji kuti Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu - masero etsinga, nguva dzose achiita mashoko Exchange pakati pavo. Kuti kupararira mashoko akadaro zvinoda chaizvo mutumwa zvinhu - neurotransmitters, rakapinza kuburikidza mutswe iri synaptic nzvimbo pakati Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Vatsvakurudzi Modern ziva neurotransmitters zvinopfuura 30 siyana, asi kune kukura uye kosi mwoyo vane "zvakananga" mafungiro chete vatatu: kweserotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) uye dopamine. Maererano nokutsvakurudza data, kuora mwoyo kunoitika apo nesungano pakati Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu mumunda pane chinokosha quantitative rutapudzo pamusoro neurotransmitters. Mugumisiro antidepressants nechinangwa kuwedzera uwandu akakodzera nevamiririri uye normalization pamusoro nokukanganisika nengaidzo uropi.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Asati achipfuura kuti kufunga mapoka panguva uye mhando antidepressants, zvishoma kutsanangura nhoroondo yawanika.

Kusvikira makore maviri remakore, kuora mwoyo uye siyana neurotic ezvinhu zvakafanana zviratidzo vakanga kubatwa siyana mishonga kugadzirira. Kuti "akaratidza mafungiro" dzakasiyana-siyana zvinofadza nziyo, izvo zvinosanganisira caffeine, ginseng kana vamiririri opiates. "Kuzorodza" jitters vakaedza bromine munyu kana mishonga inobva valerian. Uyewo shandisa mhando dzakasiyana kurovedza uye physiotherapy kurapwa vane kushanda kwave zvikuru pasi.

Mukutanga 50-ies zvinodhaka "Promethazine" akasikwa remakore rechimakumi maviri, pakutanga kushandiswa yokutindivadza pakuvhiya. Pharmacologists vakaedza dzikurukure inhibitory uye inhibitory mugumisiro zvinodhaka, zvokuti kubudikidza 1951 vagamuchira "Chlorpromazine", iro raishandiswa chaizvo okurapa, kurapwa mwoyo. Nhasi, mushonga uyu anonzi "Chlorpromazine".

Mukupera 60-ies chiremba Swiss okupedzisira remakore, varwere lechivshimi neTB, aizivikanwa munhu asi kujairika divi mugumisiro zvinodhaka ichi se "Iproniazid". Varwere kurigamuchira, akaita ichirova kumunetsawo. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kushandiswa vepfungwa tsika sezvo tibhii, akabatsira kwazvo shoma. Around imwe nguva mumwe mutsvakurudzi wokuGermany Ronald Kun yakawanikwa zvinodhaka "Imipramine".

Panovhurwa wokutanga timoleptikov kwakatungamirira kukurumidza kukura pharmacological tsvakurudzo munharaunda ino uye kusikwa mishonga mitsva kurwisa zviratidzo uye zvinokonzera kuora mwoyo.

ano kupatsanura

Zvichienderana worudzii Basa kushandiswa antidepressants pamusoro mwoyo ari murwere, vari akakamurwa sezvinotevera:

Uyezve, pane kupatsanura kunobva sei migumisiro antidepressants zvinokanganisa nokukanganisika pezvakaitwa mumuviri womunhu:

• Tricyclic antidepressants - tricyclic timoanaleptiki.
• MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase FIs:

- kusingarapiki ( "tranylcypromine," "phenelzine");

- reversible ( "Pirazidol", "Moclobemide").

• SSRI - vanosarudza kweserotonin reuptake FIs;
• IOZSIN - kweserotonin reuptake FIs uye noradrenaline;
• NaSSAs - noradrenergic uye yakananga serotonergic antidepressants.

Uyewo, pane zvinoverengeka zvinodhaka antidepressant kuti hazvigoni kunzi kune mapoka aya.

TCA: tricyclic antidepressants, chii ichocho?

Zvinodhaka tricyclic mapoka akadai "Nortriptyline", "Imipramine" uye "Amiltriptilin" akawana zita rayo kubva chichikonzera nekatatu kabhoni mhete. zvinodhaka izvi antidepressant kubatsira kuwedzera nhamba kwouropi neurotransmitters akadai norepinephrine (noradrenaline) uye kweserotonin (kemikari mufaro). Izvi zvinoitwa Akaroromesawo nenhanho kudyiwa masero etsinga - Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

Nokuda kuti pamusoro kutambira zvinodhaka izvi zviri makavhara kwete zvakafanira neurotransmitters chete, kune vakawanda zvakasiyana nemishonga. Tricyclic antidepressants boka kungaita zvinotevera marwadzo:

• lethargy;
• hope;
• svoto;
• muromo yakaoma;
• simba;
• dzungu;
• kumhanyisa mwoyo exchange - kufamba kweropa;
• kupatira;
• yakaderera potency uye libido;
• mwoyo kana kunetseka.

zvinodhaka aya kazhinji chairayirwa chiremba pakutanga, sezvo vari kupfuura kudzidzwa uye migumisiro yazvo kushandiswa vari kuzivikanwa.

MAOIs - Monoamine oxidase FIs

Kugadzirira "Iproniazid" kuvhura rimwe wokutanga, uyewo zvimwe zvinodhaka kuti boka iri, akadai "isocarboxazid," "tranylcypromine" tunodzivisa monoamine oxidase enzayemu maitiro, huri etsinga harinzwi. Nokuda kweizvi, neurotransmitters zviri kukonzera manzwiro edu, akadai kweserotonin, noradrenaline uye tyramine, hadzina akoromoka uye zvishoma nezvishoma rinoungana muuropi.

The anowanzodanwa ushandiswe antidepressants, MAOIs nokuda atypical mwoyo, kana apo mishonga tricyclic boka haana kuuya uye asina zvinozoita. Kunakisa boka iri zvinodhaka ndechokuti havana makura simba, uye pamusoro zvinopesana, kukurudzira kushanda kwendangariro.

Uyewo tricyclic zvinodhaka, MAOIs havana pakarepo kukanganisa munhu - antidepressants simba anouya mavhiki mashoma pashure pakatanga mabiko.

Nokuti kuti Mao FIs Vakawanda nemishonga (uyewo nyore sei pamwe zvinodhaka kuti chikosoro uye zvakajairika chando, uye kungakonzera upenyu pamutanhiko pakukwirira BP) asiwo nokuda kumbonyanya vanachandagwinyira kudya kana dzakabatwa taurira mishonga yakadaro kashoma, kana mamwe marapiro havana kwakabatsira.

vanosarudza kweserotonin reuptake FIs

Takurukura boka TCAs uye MAOIs - nayo kunyanya achangobva akasvinudzwa uye zvakanaka aidzidza zvinodhaka. Asi "wekare" chizvarwa antidepressants Zvishoma nezvishoma ne zvinodhaka zvakawanda ano kuti adzikatidza kuitwa neurotransmitters, kwete zvose, asi chete chete - kweserotonin, zvomutadzisa ayo neizvi takeover Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu. Izvi kunowedzera wevasungwa uye ane muviri nomugumisiro. Kusanganisira vakadaro ano SSRI zvinodhaka akadai "fluoxetine", "sertraline", "Zoloft", "Paroxetine" uye vamwe. In boka iri zvinodhaka yakati zvishoma nemishonga, uye havasi kudaro zvikuru sei muviri womunhu.

Kweserotonin reuptake FIs uye noradrenaline

Uyu mushonga ravakwa itsva, raiva rechitatu chizvarwa antidepressants. Vakatanga kubudisa pakati pezana 90-ies pamusoro XX remakore. Zvinodhaka akadai "Cymbalta", "Effexor" adzikatidza reuptake kweserotonin harisi chete, asiwo noripinefrina, asi mishonga yakadai se "Wellbutrin" uye "Zyban" kudzivisa kudzoka norepinephrine uye dopamine.

Drug divi migumisiro muboka iri duku zvikuru pane vamwe, uye vari kuratidzwa asi zvakaneta. Mushure mokugamuchira antidepressants, akasikwa pachishandiswa FIs akadai "duloxetine" uye "Bupropion", kungava kuwedzera uremu uye dysfunction duku mune zvepabonde bhora.

Noradrenergic uye akananga serotonergic antidepressants - NaSSAs

Mumwe wepanguva mapoka vari NaSSA antidepressant zvinodhaka kuti sipidhi kana kunyange kumisa kubatwa zviri noradrenaline synapses kwamakamuri etsinga, nokudaro vachiwedzera ayo yevasungwa. mishonga yakadai se "Remeron" "Lerivon" "Serzon" vanoita ichivharira kweserotonin receptors.

Of mishonga muboka iri pane munyoro kwakadaro kusingafadzi nemishonga akadai hope, muromo yakaoma, vakawedzera kushumba uye akabatanidza kufuta. Kukanzura antidepressants veboka iri kunoitika pasina matambudziko makuru chinhu.

Kunze dzinokosha mapoka antidepressants kumusoro, pane zvinoverengeka zvinodhaka kuti hazvigoni kunzi mumwe wavo. Ivo zvisingapindirani zvose makemikari anoumba uye mashandiro nezvaaiita. Izvi Somuenzaniso, mishonga yakadai se "Bupropion", "Hypericin", "Tianeptine", "Nefazodone" uye vamwe vakawanda.

dzimwe nzira

Nhasi, nyanzvi yokumwe vari kuwedzera kushandiswa kurapa mwoyo mapiritsi anokanganisa neurotransmitters uye kwete neurotransmitters, asi pamusoro ezvinhu kwemakemikari anobudiswa ezvinhu akadai adrenal omumuviri, hypothalamus uye pituitary shwanu. Vamwe zvinodhaka izvi, akadai "Aminoglutethimide" uye "ketoconazole" tunodzivisa adrenal kemikari cortisol usage, asi vane zvakawanda nemishonga uye taora zvinosuruvarisa kuti kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa.

Boka rechipiri riri Vanowanzodanwa antalarmina Kanotokonya mhandu nokubatanidza hwakanaka zvine mapiritsi uye antidepressants.

Mukuwedzera pharmacological Mabatirwo kuora inoti, muri kuramba kushandiswa nzira dzakadai inoratidza normobaric hypoxia uye plasmapheresis, chiedza kurapa, uyewo vamwe vakawanda kuti kuderedza zviratidzo uye amelioration zviratidzo.

Pro uye game

Vazhinji nevaitungamirira antidepressants, vanobvuma kuti inoshanda chaizvo zvinodhaka, kunyanya kana vari kutorwa panguva imwe chete inoitwa nevanhu nyanzvi nzira yokurapa. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti zvinodhaka izvi uye avo chipimo chemushonga vave chiremba, pasi vane kuzvidzora uye kuti vavabate. Usatarisira kuvandudzika pakarepo. Kazhinji, pfungwa tariro uye kurasikirwa kufarira muupenyu, uyewo lethargy, vasingakendengi uye kusuruvara nepa mavhiki 3-4 pashure pakatanga systemic yaitonga.

Rimwe zvikuru zvazvakashatira zvinodhaka izvi ndiwo antidepressant discontinuation chirwere, iyo inoratidza pacharo unopinza uye kusingadzoreki kugumiswa rubvumo yavo.

Kushandisa?

1. Kana chirwere chemwoyo, itsvo kana chiropa chirwere kuva nechokwadi kuudza chiremba wako.

2. Antidepressants kuita somunhu oga, saka chiremba Achasarudza mushonga kuti yakakodzera zvakananga kwamuri.

3. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mishonga hakuna kukwana, chiremba wako anogona mishonga mawa negashiro vakawanda (mapiritsi uye antidepressants, antipsychotics uye chero zvinodhaka anticonvulsant). Zvichienderana nechirwere uye vachiongorora kwako somatic ezvinhu, nyanzvi Achasarudza zvinodhaka kuti achakwanisa mukwanisi mumwe uye havazovi inokanganisa dzemuviri.

4. Unogona kurega kutora antidepressant mishonga pakarepo uye pasina zano nyanzvi, sezvo izvi anogona achiipa nzira mwoyo uye kukonzera zvakasiyana hachifadzi vasiri kuita.

5. Vanhu vakawanda vanobvunza kana zvichibvira kunwa antidepressants uye doro pamwe chete. All mirayiridzo zvinodhaka akaratidza kuti zviri categorically zvisingagamuchirwi, nokuti kunogona kukuvadza tsinga, kana rufu.

kushaya hanya kana muropa?

Pakadaro, kana iwe tora antidepressants kwenguva refu, uye ipapo, nokuti chero chikonzero, akabva angomira, anogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, akadai mupfungwa kusagadzikana maitiro, kurukutika, tsandanyama pari, dzungu. Zviratidzo zvose izvi vanozivikanwa se antidepressant discontinuation syndrome. Ndokusaka vanachiremba dzinorumbidza zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza dose kurapwa vakagamuchira uye kuita kudaro pasi pokudzora unyanzvi. Nyanzvi chete anogona kuderedza kunetseka, wakati akanhonga anodiwa normotonics uye gadziriro maererano zvinomera. Kana mushonga chinobviswa zvisingadzorwi, uye ipapo kugadzwa wake payakakurudzirwa akamiswa Kudzimwa kwechikwereti antidepressants kwakadaro kungaita kuti hope vachivavhiringidza, wakawedzera kufunganya, uye matambudziko kumwoyo. Uyezve, zvinotevera zvingaratidza kuitika:

• musoro kutya;
• dzihwa-kufanana zviratidzo;
• kuda kurutsa, kurutsa;
• chinyamunhari chinorwadza uye kurwadziwa nemudumbu;
• kurasikirwa kufambisa, uye vertigo;
• kurota zvinotyisa;
• richiripo tremor.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Kubva pane zvataurwa inogona akapedzisa sei simba uye zvikuru ngozi zvinodhaka izvi, chii vari antidepressants kuti vari zvinodhaka ano anogona kukurira kuora mwoyo. Zvisinei, usati watanga nokutora pavo, bvunza nyanzvi - chiremba wepfungwa kana psychoneurologist anogona edza izvo chimiro chirwere ndiye iwe uye chii mishonga kubatsira kurarama nayo.