Imago - chii? Adult (zvachose) pavaipfuura nomumwe kukura tumbuyu uye zvimwe arthropods

Tupukanana muupenyu hwake rwakaona rakadzika kugadzirisa kwokunze uye dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Nemamwe mashoko, metamorphosis pakuona mhuka dzose. Ndizvo chete zvinotora navo nevamwe uye zvakananga maitiro. Post-embryo kukura ari Tupukanana chapfuura, kazhinji anotevedzana matatu matanho: zai, dukutu, imago. In zhinji mhando, pane Danho: triungulin, pupa uye zvichingodaro.

Zvichienderana sei pemipata zhinji kambuyu zvokukura matanho, unogona kupiwa rimwe mapoka makuru maviri: zvishomanana kana zvakakwana kutendeuka. Saka, pfungwa metamorphosis dzinofanira kuonekwa somumwe zvikuru zvinodiwa kuti kupatsanura.

Kubva nyaya, uchadzidza zvinokosha zviri nzendo kukura zvine kwakakwana uye kukwana metamorphosis, pamwe hypermetamorphosis.

Imago - chii?

Shoko "imago" ane Latin mavambo uye chaizvoizvo rakashandurwa se "nzira". In zvemhuka izwi rinoreva vakura (kwokupedzisira) padanho mhuka kukura ane kunzwisisa upenyu kutenderera (zvipembenene zvimwe arthropods). Danho kwapera. With kwayo veMubatanidzwa mhuka ine kukwanisa bereka uye, sezvo mutemo, kuti Resettlement. Imago haasi pasi Molt. In danho iri, kukura zvipembenene arthropods wakagumiswa.

Zvichienderana kuti metamorphosis mhando maitire nomumwe marudzi, kuti imago chikuva itange dzakasiyana.

Development pamwe kukwana metamorphosis

For kukwana kutendeuka cho vatatu zvokukura zvipembenene kukura: zai, dukutu uye mukuru. A maitiro kuchiitwa ichi mhando metamorphosis ndiyo zvakafanana. chitarisiko chete vakuru mazana, kufanana vapedzisira, vane mouthparts, remubatanidzwa maziso varehwa wokugaya mapapiro. Uyezve, pane kazhinji yakafanana mararamiro. The mazana rezvipembenene vane kukwana metamorphosis vanonzi nymphs.

Izvi mhando metamorphosis kunoitika muna Orthoptera, Tarakanov, damselflies.

Kukura munhu metamorphosis wakakwana

At zvizere kutendeutsa zvipembenene arthropods vanobva 4 5 zvokukura kukura: zai, dukutu, pupa uye mukuru. Dzimwe nguva zvinoita here kuziva padariro prepupal. Dukutu kana ichi kuti shangu mukuru anenge asingadi sokuti kunzwisisa ichi, zvakatikwanira kuyeuka shavishavi nehonye. Hazvina zvachinoratidza zvizere urongwa ziso uye zvimwewo pedzidziso dzekutanga mapapiro uye kazhinji ane zvakasiyana mhando mouthparts.

Kamwe dukutu wechokwadi rinopedzisa kukura kwayo, icho chinomisa simba anova mira uye anochinja kuva pupa. Zvadaro madhoo kubva imago. mazana True anowanzonzi mapoka mapoka matatu: (. muvhu zvipembenene, mitambo yomumvura zvipembenene uye nevamwe) gusenitseobraznye, vermiform (zvipembenene, Diptera, etc.) kampodeovidnye.

Izvi mhando metamorphosis runozivisa Lepidoptera zvose (kungozvifunga), Coleoptera, Diptera.

Development pamwe hypermetamorphosis

Nzira pokumuka rezvipembenene yakaomesesa ndiyo hypermetamorphosis. Ndiwo maitiro mamwe zvipembenene (runhare-danda beetles, Meloidae, etc.), Lacewing, vava kungotaura nezvekudzoka enhunzi, uye wandei Hymenoptera.

Kana hypermetamorphosis kambuyu larval padanho budiriro kunoitika mumatanho dzakawanda. Nemamiriro uye nzira youpenyu mazana vemazera akasiyana pane misiyano simba. Muzana rokutanga pachikuva, havadyi, asi achishingaira kufamba uye kugadzirisa. Instar dukutu anowanzogara mune imwe nzvimbo. Iye kwete chete zvokudya, asi kukura. Dzimwe nguva, kutama fomu mumwe vanoshingaira, zvinoda shandurudzo ane muviri. Muzviitiko izvi, kuti dukutu inova yatarwa uye chinomisa simba. A vanonzi "lozhnokukolka". Naizvozvo, sezvo Somuenzaniso, zvipembenene kubva mhuri Meloidae, zviri kushandiswa mudhori chaiyo, iyo anova kubva kovakuoriainen imagos.

Zviri nemamiriro imago

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kwokupedzisira padariro pokumuka tumbuyu uye zvimwe arthropods ndiyo imago. Chii nyore kunzwisisa nokutaura MuchiHebheru. Izwi iri rakashandurwa mune dzimwe manyuko sezvo "chiso wechokwadi" uye zvechokwadi ndiyo. Muupenyu hwake hwose, kuchinja Panguva iyi vakuru, havana vakarega muitiro okukura. Molting vasipo dzakawanda mhuka. Asi kutonga ose ane anosiyiwa. Saka, yakaderera anokwana zviyero (thysanura, springtails, et unto.), Kunyange akura Danho cuticle nguva nenguva itangezve.

Huru kusiyana kubva vakura zvipembenene juveniles ndeinotevera. Ivo dzinokudziridzwa mapapiro uye nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, tunonzwa ine munhu wakaiswa dzinoverengeka zvikamu aumbwa imwe mhando mouthparts (kazhinji zvakasiyana nezvinoitwa mazana). Imago maximally dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa adaptive mashandiro uye vazhinji STRUCTURAL zvinhu: zvaiva kufema ezvinhu, muviri chimiro, kukura kwepfungwa, mamwe kuchengeteka zvigadziriswe, etc ..

Nokuti vazhinji arthropods, tupukanana danho ichi - ndiko yepamusoro pakukura. Anosiyiwa muri Zvikwekwe mashoma. Vane zvose zvinoitika chaizvo zvakasiyana. Parasitic mhando pokuenda mukati muviri mhango uye hondo munyama vasava morphological zvinhu sevanhu vakuru. Izvi zvinonzi dezimaginizatsiya.

atindivare Age-chokuita

Vyluplyayas kubva pupa uye nokudaro kupfuura yokupedzisira Molt iri larval nguva, Tupukanana anosiya deko ake. Kazhinji chepakutanga ruvara iri rakaiswa mune matauriro (kwete chena uye paler). Panguva imwe nguva (kubva maawa mashoma vhiki 2-3) ruvara fuma vaunganidza oxidized, kuonana ambient mhepo, zvichiguma cuticle murima.

Mamwe, Somuenzaniso, imago moths (kuitira Lepidoptera) rinowanikwa ne akaumbwa maruva "yavo".

Shanduko ruvara angava nokuda zvimwe zvinhu mumuviri. Saka, mhashu gwenga pakutanga ane yeyero-nyoro ruvara. Munguva rutoto mwaka kune kuunganidza mu muviri bonde makemikari uye somugumisiro awana vaaleanpunainen tint cover (aimiririra pamusoro).

The sapanosvika of imago upenyu

Ya zvachose pakukura danho anogona akasiyana siyana zvichienderana mhando. Pfupi upenyu bagworm chitemamachira kungozvifunga mhuri, vakanovharirwa maminitsi mashoma. Species Stage vakuru inobvisa hapana mazuva anopfuura 2-3 (kusanganisira mayflies, Chironomidae) haasi kwakaderedza dyisa uye mouthparts.

Chiropa anogona kunzi dzirarame twakaita semasvosve uye mujuru. dumbu ravo uye Queen kurarama 20 uye 50 makore azvaitwa. View cicadas Magicicada septendecim dzinoratidzwa-gore 17 upenyu inaye, riri chaizvo zvakawanda maererano nezvinodiwa nezvipembenene.

It kunoitika sezvingatarisirwa uye zvikuru gangaidzo zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, zvaizivikanwa zvose nondo hono beetles (yaifananidzira pamusoro) ari akura danho anopedza chete shomanana uye ipapo akafa, apo dukutu wake anorarama makore mashanu.

Kazhinji, dzinogarisana, uye inogarwa mazana uye vakuru chete kwemarudzi akasiyana mune zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza niche. Somuenzaniso, umhutu. The dukutu ane hwezuva kudya kwenguva chinorura (plankton, mabhakitiriya) uye upenyu mumvura. Imago - zvinobhururuka nezvipembenene. Vakadzi kufura ropa remhuka vertebrate, uye vanhurume - muto uye secretions zvinomera.

The chikuru kushanda imago pechikuva

Saka, kwokupedzisira padariro zvipembenene upenyu ndiwo pachikuva akura, chii, iwe zvatakatodzidza pamusoro. Kunzwisisa musimboti kutsunga kudzidza chikuru zviri chidziro, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti huru mashandiro kuyaruka. Vakura zvachose zvinenge zvose muwande, kuita kwerunyararo uwandu mhuka. Kana uwandu zai-nokuisa Zvipembenene muvanhukadzi akapfuudza nhamba varume, ivo yakaorera. Somuenzaniso, Mambokadzi nyuchi kukwanisa kumbosendeka kuti mwaka wacho kusvika mazai 1500.

Adult Danho kunokosha tichitaura ugari mhando. Izvi zviri akwanise nokuvapo nedzevakuru dzakabudirira mapapiro uye maoko nemakumbo.

Ichibata pamusoro mukuru chaivo kukosha imaginal Danho, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti imago - ndiwo rudzi kuratidza shanduka pezvakaitwa chokuita pave pano arthropods kwaizotevera Kusimbaradza zvavo vakatora zvipenyu niches.