Yakakurumbira mukwasvi munyika: Columbus, Magellan, kana Bering?

Unoda kudzidza sei zita yakakurumbira mutyairi munyika? Ndiani munhu ane rudo pakufamba uye chido rinoshamisa zvakawanwa kumukudza kwemazana emakore? Zvakaoma kutsanangura zvose adventures kuti uuraye mukundi megungwa ... nyaya vakashinga uye ushingi kuvafambisi vengarava kare kuva vanotongwa ngano uye rengano. Saka ndiani - yakakurumbira mutyairi munyika? Sezvo mubvunzo uyu, tichatii, ari kuzviitira, mhinduro nyore kuti hazvibviri. Uye kana zvakadaro, ngativei kuyeuka mashomanana inonyatsozivikanwa vatsvakurudzi mvura expanses nguva dzose.

Hristofor Kolumb

Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru mutyairi munyika zviri Hristofor Kolumb, nekuti akanga akawana America. Yeuka kuti aidzidzisa guru aienda kuwana gang kuIndia, uko zvaibvira kutenga nezvinonhuhwira, asi mufambi haana kubata kusvika nyika ezvinonhuhwira. Saka asvika ari Bahamas, kwete kunyange suspecting kuti akanga aita, pamwe rinonyatsooneka kuwanikwa remakore.

Ipapo Columbus akafunga akanga awana chete chitsuwa chiduku-anozivikanwa Asian. Mugumisiro rwendo aiva akawandisa zvigadzirwa zvitsva vakauya kuna Europe uye ... nyika vakakurumbira.

Dzheyms e

The yakakurumbira mukwasvi rechipiri - James Cook asvika hapana zvishoma kukudzwa. Nechekare pane muduku aida kuti vave expanses mukundi gungwa, uye chido chakasimba zvikuru kuti, kuva vanenge kuyaruka, akabatana ari kabhini mukomana mungarava dzakatakura zimbe. Mukomana nokukurumidza zvokuti akaziva kuti makore maviri gare gare Akatumwa pakundopambara. Pamutemo, iye aifanira kutarisa mapuraneti, asi kazhinji munhu chido wechikepe aiva kuwanikwa wokumaodzanyemba idzo, maererano makuhwa aiita goridhe nezvimwe zvinokosha zvokuvakisa.

Yava Cook wokutanga, akanga rombo zvakakwana kuyambuka Antarctic Circle uye of circumnavigate Antarctica. Zvisinei, kuti mutyairi kugona kuwana chinhu kunze chando, izvo vakamumanikidza kusiya pfungwa. Gare gare, Cook akasarudza kuedza kuwana gungwa nzira kuna China, asi ndokuguma zvinosuwisa kwaari kupfuura Columbus: sezvamunoziva, chete nayo vakauraya zvemo of Hawaii, apo iye asvika. Izvi, zvechokwadi, aiva nechitarisiko yakakurumbira zvakavanzika mutyairi wechikepe.

Ferdinand Magellan

About mufambi uyu ndechokuti zvinogona kutaura kuti ichi ndicho yakakurumbira mutyairi, sezvo akakwanisa kuratidza kuti pasi rakatenderera. Iye mawana naro nokuenda kuna chikepe ari westerly negwara, uye kudzoka kumabvazuva. On nzira yake akaona Atlantic yokumadokero South America. Uyezve, ndiye akapa zita Pacific Ocean, sezvo vose nguva, apo ngarava yakanga kuyambuka mvura yaro, vangadai vasina kutsungirira chero dutu.

Magellan zvaisambotarisirwa panguva kushanyira nyika, panguva iyo nhengo dzose chikwata vakanga vachitambura nenzara uye nezvirwere, asi vakakwanisa kuita yechimurenga sayenzi - kuratidza kuti pasi rakatenderera.

Vitus Bering

Iri ndiro rimwe zita rinokosha munyika vengarava. Danish-akaberekerwa Russian uyo basa nevasori, kuita zvakanaka mupfungwa varemekedzwa. Nokukurumidza, iye akanzi pakudzidza Chukotka uye Kamchatka. Bering akakwanisa kubatsira kusikwa mepu chitsva. Nemhaka yake zvakawanwa, zvave vakaratidza kuti Kamchatka uye Japan haana nyika miganhu, sezvo America uye Asia hazvina kubatana. All Bering okutanga kwakatungamirira Empress Anna Ivanovna akabvuma chehondo Great Northern rwendo.

Ivan Kruzenshtern

Uyu "murume uye steamer" (rangarira, ndicho tsanangudzo akamupa chimiro yeSoviet katuni positimeni Pechkin), zvimwe vafambisi inozivikanwa kwazvo Russian mavambo. Ndiye chinonyanya mbiri nokuda chokwadi kuti muchirongwa rwendo yeRussian rwendo. It Kruzenshtern vakakwanisa konzera musi Sakhalin mepu. Mukuwedzera, aidzidzisa aiva mukuru chikepe, kuzoona nyika, umo akakwanisa kutsungirira chakakuvara kushandisa doro! Iye wakawana batch mangé waini, uye mumwe nomumwe akagamuchira bhodhoro daily kugutsa zvitoro vhitamini C.

On pakudzoka kwake kubva rwendo Kruzenshtern akakwanisa pave mepu kusimba yakarurama, akabhadhara kwete izvo chete zvakawanda Sakhalin, asiwo anonzi Stone musungo. munhu uyu kwenguva refu mubasa kwesainzi uye hanya kwazvo rwakabhadharwa kuna kudzidza Pacific Ocean nguva.

The yakakurumbira mukwasvi

Zvakaoma kutaura chokwadi izvo pamusoro apa akurukurwa kuvafambisi vengarava anogona kunzi chinonyanya kuoneka. Pashure pezvose, mumwe nomumwe wavo akaita zvinhu zvinokosha uye akaita zvimwe mupiro kuti sayenzi, jogirafi. The yakakurumbira mukwasvi vanhu vakawanda - zviri ichiri Hristofor Kolumb nokuda yokufamba ake kukanganiswa nhoroondo yenyika. Asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakaita hapana zvishoma saka, uye vakakodzerwa nzeve vanhu kuchinja nyika uye kuparadza miganhu ematongerwo.