Zvokudya nekumwa, Main course
Ihove inonyanyisa zvikuru munyika: mufananidzo ane tsanangudzo
Kupona kwezvisikwa zvipenyu mumusango kunowanzoenderana nekugadziriswa kwekugara. Asi chii chinonzi gungwa? Nokuda kwekutengesa, iye azere nezvishamiso zvemafungiro: hove dzine mavara, mavara emakorari. Pamusoro pegourmet, gungwa iri mutengesi wezvokudya zvakasiyana siyana: hove, shellfish nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura. Asi chaizvoizvo ndiyo nyika ine utsinye umo munhu wese anodya chimwe chinhu kusvikira yava mhuka yemhuka inouraya ropa. Nokudaro, kutevedzera kunokosha mumamiriro emvura. Vanhu vanovhiringidza vanowanzova vasingaoneki kuitira kuti vaswedere pedyo nemhuka. Uye iyo yekupedzisira inoda kuratidzira nezvose zvayo simba rinogona kutyisidzira kuti harigone kudyiwa. Kubwinya kwehove kwakafanana nekudanidzira: "Ndine urombo!" Uye kazhinji izvi ndezvechokwadi. Musoro wechinyorwa ichi uchange uine hove inotyisa zvikuru munyika yose. Tichaongorora kuti vanowanika uye vanotiudza zvatinofanira kuita kuti tide kuderedza kutambura kwevanhu vakave vakaitwa, uye kunyange kuponesa hupenyu hwake.
Pisces nevanhu: chikamu chenhoroondo
Zvichida, vanhu vakatanga kusangana nevagari vemahombekombe emakungwa muMugove weGuru. Nemhaka yokuti atova kumangwanani kwehupenyu, pamipiramidi yeharahara dzechishanu chemazuva (makore 2700 BC), pane hieroglyph inoratidza imbwa-hove. Akawana mukurumbira muChina, zvakare. Mu "Bhuku reHerbs" -kurapa kwezvokurapa kwakanyorwa munguva 2838-2700 gg. BC. E. - inopa tsanangudzo yakajeka yekuti ingabata sei gourmets avo vasina hanya kuti vakwanise kudzorera nyama yehove iyi. Zvokudya uye zvokudzivisa vaJudha, bhuku reBhaibheri "Dheuteronomio" (1450 BC) rinodzidzisa. Aristotle naPliny Mukuru vakatsanangura kurondedzera mhando dzine ngozi kune utano, vachigara muGungwa reMediterranean. Mune nguva yeGreat Geographical Discoveries mumusangano yeEurope yakatanga kuwira muhove ine uturu ye tropical and equatorial latitudes. James Cook akapa tsanangudzo ye pufferfish muna 1774. Panguva yekurwendo rwake rwechipiri pasi pose iye (pamwe nevamwe vanhu gumi navatanhatu) vakave nechepfu nenyama yehove iyi. Kunyange zvazvo, semunhu wose anoziva, haana kufa kubva pane izvi. Zvinosuruvarisa, sayenzi yakakosha seyo zootoxinology, kudzidza zvinyuchi zvinowanikwa muzvisikwa zvezvinhu zvipenyu, uyewo kushandiswa kwavanogona mukurapa, zvakaonekwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri chete.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvishoma
Panyika kunewo zvakakwana zvisikwa zvine chepfu. Zvirimwa, mushwa, zvipembenene, amphibians uye zvinokambaira ... Zvisinei, nyika haina kufananidzwa negungwa. Vagari vazhinji vemakungwa vane chepfu kune imwe nzira kana imwe: hove, jellyfish, nyoka, korals. Chii chinovaita ivo saizvozvo? Zvizhinji zvekudya, zvisingasviki zvishoma kupfuura zvakapambwa zvavo, vanovandira pairi. Uroyi hwavo hunotarisirwa kukurumidzira kusavhiringidza munhu anenge atambura, kuchikuvadza. Mhuka dzakadaro dzinotyisa nemeno neminzwa. Vamwe vanodya zvokudya zvavo nemagetsi ekubuda. Aya ndiwo maitiro. Vanoshungurudzwa munguva yekushanduka kwemhuka vanowana nzira dze "munhu mumwechete kuchengetedzwa kwemakemikari". Hove dzakawanda kuwedzera pamucheka wakajeka, uye usingakanganwiki mitsara inouraya. Predator, kubata mhuka dzakadaro, kwete kungovhiringidza, asiwo ane chepfu. Ikoko kunewo hove yakanyanyisa, iyo ine mhombe ine ngozi kwazvo mumuviri. Kugunzva kunotungamirira kumuchetura. Mukuenzanisa kweiyo dzose dzehove dzinonzi inoshingaira ine chepfu. "Usandibata, kana iwe uchazvidemba!" - inotaura chete kutarisa kwavo. Asi avo vanoda kufara pamahombekombe egungwa, munofanira kunge munotya hove dzakasiyana kwazvo. Ivo vanonzi passively ane chepfu. Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka yakatungamirira kudziviriro yevanhu, asi kwete yevamwe. Muchitarisiko - hove dzakawanda. Asi iwe unodya izvo - uye iwe uchatora chepfu. Mhuka inopona ichafunga gumi kaviri asati aedza kuvira mumwe wehama dzake.
Chii chaunoda kuziva pamusoro pevanoda hove?
Kana iwe usingapindi mumvura inotambudzika yemakungwa kuti uuye chiso nechiso nevanogara mumakungwa emakoral, uye kunyange kana iwe usingaiti nharo dzisina shangu pamvura, usafunga kuti wakadzivirirwa zvachose kubva kuzvisikwa zvine chepfu. Iwe unogona kuvasvibisa muresitorendi. Nenzira iyi, hove huru uye yechipiri-chepfu inoratidzika. Iyo yekutanga inogadzirwa chakavanzika chinouraya. Inogona kuunganidza mumhinzwa, meno, pachiyero. Dzimwe nguva uturu hunokonzerwa nemetabolism. Munyaya iyi, nyama yehove kana caviar uye mukaka haigoni kudyiwa. Mune maray eels, somuenzaniso, ropa rine chepfu. Vamwe vagari vemakungwa - nyama yose. Asi rwechipiri hove dzine uchetura hadzina ngozi. Vanounganidza mumitumbi yavo zvinhu zvinokuvadza kubva mudziva - nzvimbo yavo. Somuenzaniso, bhuruu-green algae, iyo hove inodya, secrete cyanides. Nokudaro, iwe unogona kuzvisvibisa nehuwandu hwenheyo kana uchibatwa kubva mudziva rakadaro. Kushambidza kubva kune ivhu remafuta, iyo iyo mvura inonaya mumadziva, inoita kuti vagari vayo vave nechepfu. Nitrates inoshanda zvakanaka chete pamiti, kwete kuvanhu. Saka zvakakosha kuziva pamusoro pekuti kubatwa kunobva kupi usati waedza.
Ihove ipi iyo inonyanya kuipa?
Uye iwe wakanga uchiziva here kuti njodzi inogadzirisa kugara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa i ... jellyfish. "Bvisa Muurayi" anoreva mhuka iyi, inogara mumvura inopisa iri kumhenderekedzo yeAustralia. Zvinyorwa zvaro zvinotevera dome kwemamita makumi matatu. Kubata kwake kunokonzera moyo wemunhu musungo, zvichikonzera kufa kamwe kamwe mu100% yematambudziko. Uyewo kumhenderekedzo yeGreen Continent inogara nekodpus duku yebhuruu inorema magiramu 70 chete. Zvisinei, mwana uyu mumasekondi maviri anokwanisa kuuraya vanhu gumi nehupfu hwehuyo. Hove haigonhi shure kwejellyfish, shellfish uye nyoka. Gore roga roga vanhu vanopfuura 50 zviuru zvevanhu vanova maitiro avo - zvisingaenzaniswi kudarika kubva kune vahaki. Ihove inonyanyisa kune imwe nyika pasi rose ndiyo Synanceia verrucosa, kana wart, kubva kumhuri yeScorpion. Pamusoro payo yakavhara pasi kune mhinzwa, iyo inokonzera iyo inokonzera marwadzo akadai zvokuti munhu anorasikirwa nekuziva. Uturu hwakakonzerwa muropa, hunoita kuti kuve kwemitsipa yeropa uye kusungwa kwemwoyo. Munyaya iyi, munhu wese anogona kuona dambudziko iri rakaoma kunyange pedyo. Nechinangwa chekukanganiswa, hove duku iyi inotaridzika uye ruvara rwezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvakaoma zvikuru kusiyanisa kubva pachigamba chekoral kana cobblestone. Uye nokuti inonziwo "hove-ibwe." Dzimwe hama dzepedyo dzechigamba, scorpion (kana kuti gungwa scorpions), dzinewo dzimba dzekameraon. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanowanzochera mujecha kana muchetera pamvura yakadzika. Nokudaro, kutsika pamusoro pechipfuva chavo chinonyangadza, hapana chikonzero chekuenda kune imwe nyika ine ngozi yemakorari emakungwa.
Ndepapi hove dzakaipa kwazvo munyika?
Zvikara zvakawanda zvisingadi kudzingisa, asi ndiani akabatwa neiri, kugara mumvura inopisa yeIndia Ocean. Vari kunyura nemvura kubva kumiganhu yeSoutheast Asia, East Africa, Australia, Philippines, Indonesia. Zvakakwana zvisikwa zvine ngozi muPacific. Pamhenderekedzo yeJapan fugue, kana pufferfish, inowanikwa. Asi nzvimbo inonyanya kutyisa pasi pano maererano nehuwandu hwevagari varoyi vane chepfu imwechete cubic litre yemvura ndiyo Australia. Uye izvi hazvisi kuverenga shaka, magetsi emagetsi, jellyfish uye shellfish! Uye kune makumi mashanu emarudzi emvura nyoka, iyo iyo Guinness Book yehupenzi inorongwa Hydrophis bseheris, anogara muGungwa reTimor. Izvo zvisiri zvingangodaro iyo hove yehove yemo: gumbo rinouraya, scorpion, lionfish, uye inimicus. Uye iwe unofanirwa kuziva izvi nokuenda muzororo kuenda kuGreen Continent. Zvinomwe zvepamusoro zvezvizhinji zvezvisikwa zvinotyisa zvinogara kunze kwegungwa reAustralia. Asi nekupisa kwepasi pose, vagari vazhinji vemazamu ekudengenyeka vakatanga kutamira mberi kubva kuEquator. Vakatosangana pedyo negungwa reChile, Japan, South China. Asi kunyange muRweru, kuMediterranean uye kunyange Makungwa Makuru, zvakare, pane zvakakwana zvezvisikwa zvaro zvisina ngozi. Pasi pose, masayendisiti akarondedzera mazana maviri nemakumi maviri ehove dzehove dzine chepfu. Mune rimwe shoko, havakwanisi kuverengwa.
Chii chaunofanira kuita kana zviine chepfu?
Vanhu vazhinji vanova nharo dzehove dzinoshanda-dzine chepfu. Uye kwete nokuti vari kudzingirira vasina zivo vanoshambira. Ihove idzi, kana dziri zvikara, injoin inxin muzvimedu zviduku. Kazhinji, miti inouraya inoshandiswa senzira yekudzivirira mumwe nomumwe kune hove huru uye toothy. Chii chinoita kuti vashambi vanofanira kuyeuka? Usafambisa pamakorari uye usabatwa navo nemaoko ako. Kuzvivaraidza munzvimbo dzinotyisa zviri nani kutenga shangu dzakashambidzwa dzokushambidza (nekuti, kunze kwehove, kuchine dambudziko rekufamba pamusoro pegungwa runyanja - uyewo ine uturu, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu). Kana zvichibvira, iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa mabhiza emusango. Uye usapotsa maoko evanhu vanogara mumvura yakadzika vachiuya pedyo newe - iwe hauzive kuti hove dzipi dzine uturu uye dzisina. Kana iwe uchinzwa uchida, pakarepo enda panyika kana kudana kuti ubatsirwe. Uturu, hunoita hurongwa hwemitsipa, hushanda pamheni, uye munhu anogona kufa kana asina kupiwa rubatsiro rwakakodzera panguva.
Silent Assassins
Kana muviri wehove wakafukidzwa nemaperembudzi, unoputika nemakumbo, kana muromo waro uzere nemazino akajeka, saka kunyange benzi rinojeka kuti zvisikwa izvi zvine ngozi. Uye iyo iyo iyo iyo hove inotyisa inotaura pachayo: iyo pufferfish, gungwa scorpion, dhiragoni, muswe, prickly shark, tuberculate inotyisa, iyo inimicus, iyo muchiLatin inoreva "muvengi" ... Asi vagari vemo munzvimbo iyo Zvisikwa zvinokuvadza, asi vanozvidya. Sezvo varasikirwa neminzwa inotyisa, vachinatswa muhombe inouraya, vanopa nyama yakaoma uye inonaka. Saka, vagari vomuAustralia vanodya uye vanorumbidza nguruve, uye vabati vehove veGungwa Dzvuku vanobatanidza zvekudya zve sharks-katrans. Asi hove inotyisa-iyo inopisa, mapikicha aunofanira kuona kuti uyeuke, zvakanyanyisa. Hapana chinhu chavanoita chakafanana nemhuka dzinotyisa dzinotya varwi vehove vanovhundutsa vanoponesa pazvikepe zveGungwa Dzvuku. Kunyange zvakadaro, muhove yakadaro isina kutaridzika, segwenga, inonyengera, inonyanya kubudirira uye inokurumidza kupfuura cyanide potassium. Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka haina hanya nekuchengetedza hupenyu hweumwe munhu, asi pamusoro pekupona kwezvisikwa. Mukuwedzera, uye iyi imwe hove nokuda kwekutya inogona kukura uye inova bhora. Iyi mhuka inogona kumira mumutsipa. Sezvo wakaravira rimwe kana maviri ... hove gumi, dzose dzakadyiwa zvePacific zvino dzinoziva kuti hazvina kukodzera kumedza skalozub duku.
Zvinokwanisika here kutyisa hove dzedu?
Nhove ine uturu yeBlack Sea ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Izvi, pamusoro pezvose, prickly shark katran, nyanzvi, mouse-lira, dragon. Dhiyabhorosi gungwa uye ramp-cat inouya kuAzov. Mumakungwa achigeza Far East gungwa reRussia, vanogara nechepamusoro-soro, nyanzvi, katran uye skalozub, inonzi Fugu muJapan. MuBaltic kusvika kuhove dzehove dzine ngozi dzinosanganisira Kerchak uye stingrays. Sezvatinoona, pakati peboka iri chete futi haisi kunyangadza. Mamwe ose mushure mokubvisa mhinzwa inogona kudyiwa pasina kutya. Asi kune marudzi ose ematambudziko. Iko kune izvo zvinodanwa hove dzinopisa zvinotyisa zveGlack Sea, uye nemiti yemvura yakachena zvakare. Aya ndiwo mamwe marudzi e bream, carp, peche, pamwe nechechi, barbus, barbel, kutum nevamwe. Munguva yekudzikisa zvinogona kutyisa caviar uye mukaka wehove idzi. Njodzi yakakomba inobva mumitumbi yemvura yakasvibiswa uye kubva mukukurumidza kupenya kwebhuruu-green algae. Muchiitiko ichi, kunyange iyo iyo yakanyanya kudyiwa hove inova inouraya, sezvo inobatanidza chepfu kubva kumhepo. Muchirapa, kuwanda kwe "zvirwere" zvepakati pevanhu veKaliningrad mharaunda, kumativi emakungwa Yukovskoe (Leningrad region), Ukshozero (Karelia) neSartlan (Novosibirsk region) yakatsanangurwa.
Ndiani anotsvaga?
Pasina mubvunzo, hove inonyanyisa zvikuru inogara muGungwa reJapan ndiyo mhondi. Vafambisi vezvikepe veKuril Islands vanoriidza se skalooon, apo vagari venyika yeZuva Rinosimudza vane futi. Ihove iyi ine bvudzi dhena uye grey-brown mushure haina zviyero, asi panguva yengozi iyo inosimudza mahwendefa eganda uye inozununguka sebhola. Zvisinei, iyi haisi ngozi yehugue. Uturu huri munyama yadzo, uye kunyanya pachiropa, ganda, genitalia, yakanyanyisa zvokuti inopetwa makumi maviri nemashanu yakakwirira kudarika curare uye muna 275 iyo potassium cyanide. Iyo inoshanda-tetrodotoxin - inovhara maitiro emasero emagetsi. Zviratidzo zvehutu hwakaipa zvinowanikwa mumaminitsi mashomanana ekutanga. Mhedzisiro inouraya inoitika musi wekutanga. Pakutanga, munhu anonzwa achinyenyeka mumiromo nerurimi. Ipapo unotanga musoro uye kurwadziwa mukati mamuviri nemumumbo. Kubatana kwekufambisa kwakarasika, kurutsa kunotanga (munyaya iyi murwere achiripo mukana wekurarama). Nokukurumidza, kufema kunenge kwakaoma, kupera kweropa kunoderera uye kutonhora kwemuviri kunoderedza. Kuputika kwemucous membrane uye ganda rinoonekwa. Murwere anowira mu coma, mweya wake unomira. Zvinosuruvarisa, mishonga inopesana nehupfu hwehove iyi haisati yakasununguka. Asi pasinei nemashoko akaoma aya, nyama inonzi fugu ichiri kuonekwa seinofadza muJapan. Masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti hove idzi dzegungwa dzine utsinye chete mukukura. "Zvigunwe zvisina kuchengetedzwa" zvakawedzerwa, asi hazvizivikanwi pakati pemakumbo.
The Samurai Nation
Sezvatinoyeuka, wekuEurope yekutanga yekudya chikafu chehove ine chepfu yaiva James Cook. Asi maJapan akashandisa kubva kare. Fugu akapinza zvakasimba mutsika uye unyanzvi hweNyika yeKubuda Kwezuva. Mune imwe nzvimbo yemapaki muTokyo, pane kunyange chivako kune hove iyi. Chii chinokonzera mamiriyoni eJapane mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko kupa upenyu hwavo kune chef? Mushure mezvose, nhamba dzinoratidza kuti gore negore vanhu vanoverengeka vanofa vachibva kuhugu chepfu uye nhamba yakawanda yevarwere vari muchipatara. Kuzviuraya, kuzvienzanisa pamucheto wehupenyu nerufu - izvi zvose zvakawanda mumutauro weJapan. MaMods pamusoro pehugue akaunzwa nemuSamamura - mavhiri makuru, mahedheni, akagadzirira kuita hara-kiri, kuchengetedza zita rakanaka. Kwenguva refu, zviremera zvakarambidza kubata kwehove iyi. Asi pasina. Yakatengeswa mumashamba madema. Iye zvino mubiki anofanira kupfuudza mafundo akakwirira uye apfuura muongorori kuti awane pepanisi yekubika ndiro kubva ku fugu. Pamberi pekutumwa, anofanira kugovera chitunha, gadzirira zvitatu kubva pairi uye ... inonaka mumwe nomumwe wavo muchidimbu. Uye chete nemugumisiro unofadza, hove yehugu inouraya, zvidhori zvemufananidzo pamwe naye zvinoshongedza imba yekudyira.
ChiJapane maonero eRussia roulette
Nei vanhu havadi kudya nyama puffer kwete pakutanga tune tetrodotoxin? Gourmets, edza hove kudaro wakachengeteka, yainzi kunaka vanhuwo, uye kunyange hakuzivani. hove Popular muJapan muchetura, kunyange zvose migumisiro yacho inosuruvarisa. Asi chete kana sekenyedzo tsinga vauye muresitorendi vokuJapan? Ndiro pamwechete zvichiita uye zvinokosha kusimbisa shoko, chepfu mutengo kubva zana mazana mashanu emadhora. Heano mazano kutsanangura manakiro nengozi fugu gourmets :. "Zvakafanana Japanese unyanzvi - zvakadai akaoma, kwezvokufuka, mvere, kufanana dzinongoitika sirika" The vokuEurope vanoti hove kuti zvakafanana huku uye mondo afanane mu kusachinja-chinja. Ndiro chete fugue kunokosha kwete kusavapo zvakakwana chepfu, uye kuvapo kwayo kupfuura usingashandi mishonga. Ipapo yeGmail.END_STRONG anonzwa chinhu chakafanana kubata zvinodhaka. Pashure tetrodotoxin mune basa kwazvo zana namakumi matanhatu chiuru kakapetwa kokeini! It vakanga vava vanovhiya chichishandisa fuma kuti akavhiyiwa kubvisa mapundu. Ichokwadi zvose kunobva dose - zvose mushonga uye mukicheni. Vakapfuura bvunzo Chef inorangarira uremu nemhosva yacho, zera, utano mamiriro, uye kunyange nyika. resitorendi mushandi chaizvo kuona kudya kuona zviratidzo yambiro mangwanani uye uzviite. hove Japanese Muchetura uchaguta munzvimbo zvakasiyana siyana. Chinonyanya kufarira dhishi iri fugusashi. Mutete toaisa pamusoro mbishi hove Chef pave mufananidzo rose. Ndakashanda dhishi iri sauces. Uyewo zvakafanana chepfu hove muto - fuguzosun. Dzimwe nguva Puffer hunovira uye kudya concomitant ingredients.
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