History of Brest Fortress. Magamba Brest Fortress

Vamwe mabhuku vanoti nhoroondo Brest Fortress vakatanga remakore pamberi kwake umhare Feat muna 1941. Izvi zvishoma nhema. Fort agara aripo. Complete vavakezve Ages munhare mutaundi Berestye (nhoroondo zita Brest) akatanga muna 1836 uye kwakatora 6 years.

Pakarepo shure moto 1835 hurumende tsarist vakasarudza modernize nhare, mune ramangwana, kuti ape mamiriro yokumadokero ravarwi rudzi kukosha.

Ages Brest

The nhare misi shure remakore rechi11, kududzwa rinogona kuwanikwa rinozivikanwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years," izvo inobudisa noruzhinji enhoroondo kutamburira choushe pakati machinda maviri makuru - Svyatopolk uye Jaroslav.

Kuva chikuru kwazvo nzvimbo - on payakangopfuura pakati nzizi mbiri Western Bug uye Mukhavets, Berestye nokukurumidza kuwana mamiriro chikuru Shopping Centre.

Munguva dzekare, nzira huru zvomutengesi papi vaiva nzizi. Uye pano wose waterways maviri vakapiwa mukana kutamira zvinhu kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira ndiEzekieri. Tsikidzi River vaizosvika kuPoland, Lithuania uye Europe, uye musi Mukhavets kuburikidza Pripyat uye Dnieper - muGungwa Black steppes uye kuMiddle East.

Mumwe anogona chete zvokufungidzira kuti akanaka aiva Ages nhare Brest. Photo mifananidzo uye mifananidzo Nhare okutanga munguva - husiri nyore kuwana, vanogona kuwanikwa chete sezvo miziyamu Exhibits.

Nokuda zvachose kuchinjwa ari Brest Fortress pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa weHurumende uye urongwa guta yazvo nenzira, chirongwa revarwi vairinda, uye musha kwave kuchiita zviduku kuchinja. Zvisinei, vamwe vavo vakafuridzirwa zvinodiwa nguva, ari Brest Fortress makore anopfuura mazana mashanu akakwanisa kuramba ayo Ages hunhu yepakutanga uye zvakakodzera mhepo.

1812. The French ari munhare

Brest kwekumaodzanyemba jogirafi yagara mhaka kutamburira guta: makore 800 History of Brest Fortress nesimba uye akakunda Turov Duchy pamusoro Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita (Poland), uye chete muna 1795 Brest vakava chinokosha yeRussian nyika.

Asi asati nechisimba hurumende Napoleon kwakaita Russian vachikoshesa zvikuru munhare yekare. Kusvikira panguva Russian-French Hondo 1812 Brest Fortress dzakatsigira mamiriro ayo ave yakavimbika revarwi vairinda, iyo dzakakurumbira akati mubatsiri wake, uye zvinoparadza vavengi.

The French, zvakare, akanga asarudza kusiya Brest vamene, asi mauto eRussia recaptured nhare, vakakunda zvinoshamisa akunde French vamabhiza dzakabatana.

Chisarudzo enhoroondo

kukunda uku kwaiva pokutangira kugadzirisa hurumende tsarist kuvaka nzvimbo ine Ages nhare hutera zvakakwana itsva uye simba Kusimbaradza, zvakakodzera kuti mweya nguva mapurani manyorerwo uye uto kukosha.

Uye zvakadini magamba ose Brest nhare 1812 hondo kwemakore? Pashure pezvose, chero chinhu uto inosanganisira chitarisiko nerokuchema daredevils uye patriots. mazita avo asingazivikanwi kuti rakafara madenderedzwa ari ipapo paruzhinji, asi zvinoita kuti mubayiro wavo ushingi vakagamuchira kubva pamaoko Emperor Alexander.

Fire muna Brest

A moto kuti chikamu chimwe yokugara rekare muna 1835, wakakurumidza nedanho mukuru vavakezve Brest Fortress. Kurangarira ipapo mainjiniya uye ezvivako kwave kuparadza Ages zvivako kunzvimbo yavo kuvaka zvachose itsva mapurani hunhu uye inokosha kukosha zvivako.

The moto vakaparadza vanenge 300 zvivako dzavarwi, uye ichi, ndezvokuti, akatendeuka kuti uvepo uye paakaenda hurumende, uye kuti vavaki, uye guta vemo.

vakiridzo

Akadzika moto vawirwa muripo muchimiro mari uye zvinhu, hurumende vachivakumbira kuti agadzirise kwete munhare, uye vachiravana - makiromita maviri kubva revarwi vairinda, richipa chete basa wakakombwa - unodzivirira.

History of Brest Fortress vakanga vamboona chinhu chikuru rokuvakazve yakadaro: Ages dzavarwi rakaparadzwa pasi, uye panzvimbo yacho akakura nhare yakasimba ine hobvu namasvingo, wose gadziriro yacho vachasimudza zambuko, rinobatanidza matatu zvitsuwa chakagadzirwa, pamwe nhare nhare akashongedzera ravelins pamwe haripindiki rusvingo gumi-yevhu, pamwe yakatetepa embrasures nokubvumira nevanozvitsigira kuramba maximally kudzivirirwa panguva kutokonora.

Unodzivirira nezvaanogona nhare remakore rechi19

Kuwedzera anodzivirira zvivako, izvo, chokwadi, basa guru iri inoodza muvengi kurwiswa, zvinokoshawo uye uwandu vakanyatsodzidziswa nemasoja kushumira kumuganhu nhare.

Protective nhare nzira akazvarwa namweya ezvivako kuna subtleties. Zvikasadaro, nei kupa vanhuwo yemauto masoja 'kukosha huru Kusimbaradza? Kurarama munzvimbo ine masvingo mamita maviri paukobvu, mumwe nomumwe servicemen rakanga zvakakwana akagadzirira kuratidza zvichibvira kurwisa muvengi, sezvariri akakwakuka kubva pamubhedha - chero nguva yezuva.

500 casemates wakakombwa nyore zvinoenderana varwi 12,000 venguva maoko uye urongwa kwemazuva anoverengeka. Yemauto vakanga saka zvakanaka kuvanziwa yokunzvera meso, kuti kuvapo kwavo zvaisagona zvokufungidzira zviri uninitiated - vakanga mukati merima iroro gumi-mita runodzivirira.

A chepfungwa mapurani zvinogadzirisa wakakombwa akava inextricable kubatana zvivako ayo: yakabudikira shongwe akafukidza nomoto mukuru nhare, uye kubva nhare yaiva pazvitsuwa, zvaibvira kuitisa kwawakananga moto, kudzivirira mberi.

Kana chivako kwakasimbiswa chindori 9 nhare, yava husingakuvadzi invulnerable: mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kukodzera boka revarwi rose revarwi (ndiro 250 servicemen), pamwe 20 pfuti.

Brest Nhare yorunyararo

Munguva akadzikama pamusoro kumuganhu mamiriro Brest akayera akararama leisurely upenyu. Uye muguta, uye nhare akatonga enviable kakawanda, basa rinoitwa muchechi. Panguva nhare paiva machechi akawanda - vachiri aenderane akawandisa zvechiuto imwe chechi iri chero nzira ndaitadza.

Mumwe yomunharaunda yemamongi yakavakwazve kuvakwa kuti misangano nemapurisa uye vakuru rinonzi White Palace.

Asi vakanyarara nguva wenhare hakusi nyore kuwana ikoko. Pasuo "mwoyo" wenhare chaiva remagedhi mana. Vatatu vavo, sechiratidzo inaccessibility zvavo, boka raivapo mamiriro ose Brest Fortress. miziyamu Rinotanga pasuwo yekare: Kholmsk Terespolsky, Northern ... Mumwe nomumwe wavo akarayirwa kuva kepagedhi kuti paradhiso nokuda nevanozvitsigira ake akawanda muhondo ramangwana.

Equipment nhare pamusoro avaida World Vokutanga

Panguva nyonganyonga iri Europe, nhare Brest-Litovsk, vakasara imwe chakavimbika kupfuura masvingo ari pamuganhu Russian-Polish. The chikuru basa wenhare - "kuti zviite rusununguko chiito veuto uye zvikepe," akanga asina zvombo uye midziyo ano.

Pakati 871 vamapoka zvombo, 34 chete% zvinodiwa ehondo ezvinhu ano, pfuti vasara zvakanga zvisingachashandi. Zvimwe pfuti akatonga akwegura mapatani kuti vanokwanisa kwepfuti ari chinhambwe kwete anopfuura 3 mamaira. Panguva ino, anogona muvengi aiva mumaturi uye atirari nehurongwa .45.

Muna 1910 aeronautic rechiuto wakakombwa yakanga kurasa yaro yokutanga airship, uye muna 1911 ari Brest-Litovsk nhare wamambo paakaenda chaiwo akashongedzerwa rayo yeredhiyo pachavo.

hondo rokutanga remakore rechi20

The War World First akawana Brest Fortress ari dzorugare rinotambudza - kuvakwa. Nokukwezvwa vomumusha vemumaruwa aiva pedyo uye kure aishingaira kuvakwa mamwe nhare.

Fortress aizogamuchirwa kuchengetedzwa kana isina akaputsa pamusoro avaida vemauto kuchinja, izvo kwakaguma Corps akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa uye yakarasika boka ravarwi achirwa ravarwi. Pakutanga World Vokutanga muna Brest-Litovsk nhare dzakanga oga anopamba kuti panguva shure dzakamanikidzwa kupisa zvikuru nesimba uye yemhando revarwi vairinda.

Asi chikuru chiitiko hondo ramakumi maviri remakore munhare wokutanga akanga asina nokuda zviito nemauto - the Brest runyararo chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa mukati mamasvingo ayo.

Monuments Brest Fortress Vane yakasiyana mhando uye hunhu, uye mumwe wevaya ichi chinokosha kune nguva chibvumirano.

Sezvo vanhu vakadzidza pamusoro heroism pakati Brest

Most vomunguva vanoziva Brest munhare pamusoro zviitiko zuva kurwisa younyengeri Nazi Germany musi Soviet Union wokutanga. Information nezvazvo akazviratidza kwete kamwe, izvozvo kufukidzwa vokuGermany pachavo nenzira dzatisingafungiri: wakati kuratidzwa vachigunun'una kuyemurwa nokuda heroism ari kutsigira Brest pachedu diaries, iyo gare gare vaakawana uye akabudiswa venhau zvechiuto.

Zvino 1943-1944. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, pamusoro heroism imwe vakwanise vateereri wenhare zvakanga zvisingazivikanwi, uye vapona "nyama mukuyi" magamba enyika Brest Fortress, maererano mukuru muchiuto vakuru, kazhinji sechinoitika vasungwa vehondo, vabvuma muvengi woumbwende.

Information kuti omunharaunda kurwa tochilis mu wenhare, uye muna July uye kunyange August 1941, uyewo haana pakarepo kuva paruzhinji. Asi ikozvino kare anogona kutaura kuti chokwadi: Brest Fortress, iyo muvengi kutarisirwa kutora maawa 8, vakabata kwenguva yakareba.

Musi mukutanga gehena: June 22, 1941

Hondo isati yatanga, izvo haana kutarisirwa, Brest nhare akatarira negrozno kwazvo: yevhu rusvingo dhongi yekare, vashoma vane uswa, mundima - maruva uye nhandare. In mangwanani June huru regiments akamira munhare, akamusiya akaenda kumisasa yezhizha kurovedza.

Pausiku June 22, boka revarwi vanorinda yakanga anenge kuzvidzivirira.

History of Brest Fortress vose emakore havana kuziva asi kuti perfidy kwakadaro: mambakwedza emusi pfupi nousiku yezhizha vaiva nenamo kuti vagari gehena. Pakarepo, pasina, wakakombwa yakavhurwa atirari moto, abatwa wose akashamiswa chipo mauri, uye kuti kundima veboka revarwi vairinda yave rakamhanya 17.000 utsinye "vamwe" kubva Wehrmacht.

Asi kana ropa kana chinokatyamadza, kana shamwari rufu aisagona kutyora uye kumisa umhare vanotsigira Brest. Ivo vakarwa kwamazuva masere, maererano pamutemo mashoko. Uye mwedzi miviri - maererano ndibatsireiwo.

Kwete nyore uye kwete kukurumidza kupa mu Brest Fortress. Defense 1941 akava semhanza vose mberi nzira yehondo muvengi vakaratidza ineffectiveness wake kukarukureta chando uye super-chombo kuti kunoita nezvimwewo heroism havaratidzi zvombo, asi nomwoyo wose unoda yamadzibaba pakati Slavs.

"Inotaura" matombo

Chii zvino chinyararire anozhambatata Brest Fortress? The miziyamu akachengetedza zvinhu zvaishandiswa zhinji uye mabwe, apo unogona kuverenga zvinyorwa nevanozvitsigira. Pfupi anoshamisira imwe kana mbiri mitsetse kutora vapenyu, akabata misodzi vose namarudzi, kunyange kuridza zvishoma, sezvinoita murume yakaoma uye kusununguka.

Muscovites: Ivanov, Stepanchikov Zhuntyaev uye akatungamirira nhoroondo iyi inotyisa nguva - the womumhuri pabwe, Unobvambura mwoyo. Vaviri akafa uye Ivanova vasara vaizivawo kuti angadai asina refu akavimbisa: "Paiva okupedzisira girinedhi. Mupenyu vasaora, "uye akabva abvunza kuti:" Tsiva isu, mamwe masoja ".

Pakati uchapupu hwokuti nhare waichengetwa mazuva anopfuura masere asara misi pabwe: July 20, 1941 - zvikuru akasiyana navo.

Kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa heroism uye kurwisa zviri nevanozvitsigira yose nyika, chete vanofanira kuyeuka zuva uye nzvimbo: Brest Fortress, 1941.

Create chirangaridzo

Kokutanga kubva basa wenharaunda Nhare vamiririri Soviet Union (uye mukuru pakati vanhu) vakakwanisa kuwana ikoko muna 1943. Just panguva iyoyo uye paiva mabhuku ndima kubva diaries masoja eGermany uye vatariri.

Brest isati yezvechitendero, takabva nomuromo pamusoro fronts zvose uye ari shure. Kuti zvakaitika kuchechi, kuti vadzivire chero ingano mhando (kunyange zvakanaka hunhu) uye akakunda heroism kuti Brest nhare kwemazana emakore, kumadokero revarwi vairinda, kwakasarudzwa kuti reclassify kuti chirangaridzo.

Implementation pfungwa vakatora nzvimbo emakore mashomanana pashure pehondo - muna 1971. Ruins, vakapisa uye shelled masvingo - izvi zvose zvava chinokosha pamusoro pashoo. Akuvadza zvivako akasiyana, uye ivo vanoumba unorema uchapupu ushingise nevanozvitsigira.

Uyewo, Brest Fortress Memorial makore rugare Ndakawana Category Zvivako vanoverengeka uye shongwe zvikuru mavambo richangopfuura, izvo chichinyatsobatanidzwa sezvaiita rakasiyana Ensemble wakakombwa-miziyamu chacho nehasha uye conciseness akasimbisa yakaitika izvi masvingo nhamo.

Brest Nhare mabhuku

Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye gakava basa kunyange shomanana Brest Fortress bhuku S. S. Smirnova. Tatarisana zvapupu uye nevachapona kudzivirira wenhare, munyori akasarudza kudzorera kururamisira uye kuvhara mazita chaiwo evanhu, iyo zvino hurumende yakanga mhosva pokugara mujeri German.

Akaita izvozvo, kunyange zvazvo nguva havana hwoutongi kupfuura - kwemasikati 50s okupedzisira remakore.

Vazhinji vakabatsirwa kudzokera dzose, usazvidza vagari vemo bhuku "Brest Fortress" mupenyu. Photos of vamwe vevaya rombo zvikuru yakabudiswa pachaunga, mazita vakaridza paredhiyo. kunyange kutenderera redhiyo hwagadzwa, yakatsaurirwa kuna kuwana kutsigira zviri Brest nhare.

Smirnov aiva chigadzirwa zveruponiso neshinda, iro, akauya mamwe magamba sezvinoita rengano hunhu kubva murima yokukanganwa - vanotsigira Brest, dzakavanzika uye vehondo. Pakati pavo: Major Gavrilov, Commissioner Fomin, Semenenko refutenendi, Captain Zubachev.

Brest Fortress - shongwe noumhare uye kubwinya chevarwere, zvikuru zvaioneka uye zvinhu. Vazhinji asinganzwisisiki ngano pamusoro nevanozvitsigira asingatyi vanhu kurarama nhasi. Tinoziva navo chimiro chaiko uye marimba nemabasa, dzimwe nguva inowanikwa ngano.

Uye ngano idzi kurarama kuburikidza mazera, nokuda Brest Fortress Feat vakafanira kurangarira nezvake, uye muna 21 M uye 22 m, uye zvinotevera emakore.