MuItiopiya dzakakwirira uye Somalia rwenze. MuItiopiya dzakakwirira kupi?

East Africa - zviri nzvimbo huru dziri kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho. Chinosanganisira yemugomo Ethiopia, kure mwoyo, nebani uye mupata Somalia. Uye ichi zvinosanganisira East African Plateau.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Kumaodzanyemba-mabvazuva African vanoda yemugomo Ethiopia (umo yakakwirira Ras Dashen anoputika uye nezvimwe). Kumadokero chikamu nzvimbo neVadzidzi mupata White Nile. Kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kusvika Dzvuku pamhenderekedzo, Gulf Aden uye Indian Ocean. In rwezasi, nharaunda iri bordered ne Lake Rudolph uye Indian Ocean.

ruyamuro Ethiopia

Ethiopia Mountains (muItiopiya dzakakwirira) - iri nehasha shoma mumitsetse, siyana nhare. Anoparadza zvakaoma kusvika, kumawere. Kukurwa kwevhu-tectonic, kwazvo nemipata kucheka kuburikidza nawo munzira dzakawanda. Ivo secrete gomo neeSultan pamwe anoputika. Mamwe anoputika zvakaratidza pachavo munhoroondo munguva. The soro Range - Ras Dashen (4.6 km) - rakamiswa kuchamhembe chikamu. Mune rimwe dzegirini ndiro Lake Tana.

Kumaodzanyemba Chikamu dzakakwirira ndeyevanyori mhosva bheseni raiparadzanisa kwaari Harar Plateau. Harar matanho pasi Peninsula kuti Somalia. Somalia Plateau zvinyoronyoro dzisatsvedza kuIndian Ocean. The nzvimbo yakaderera iri kure Depression, yakabatana paGungwa Dzvuku.

Geological mamiriro

Muchikamu ichi kondinendi ndiye East African vagadzirisane. Izvi Meridian akatarisa maitiro zvinokanganiswa goko. Vagadzirisane achiumbwa okupedzisira maviri eras - muna Cenozoic uye Mesozoic. Kuburikidza nzvimbo iyi anofambisa muEtiopiya vagadzirisane bazi. MuItiopiya dzakakwirira nemipata kure chete intersects bazi iri kumabvazuva. Zvino anoenda kune kumaodzanyemba uye anomhanya kuburikidza East African Plateau.

Climate

The okunze ari munzvimbo nevamwe uye Achisiyanisa. On yemugomo Ethiopia uye Somalia rwenze kunonaya uye mwando anounza Indian monsoon, asi vakawanda vavo vari intercepted ne eGomo dzakakwirira. Where pagore kunonaya kwazvo 1,000 mm. Mumipata uye Somali kweItari kunonaya mana nguva yakawanda yakaderera - 250 mm / gore.

Muduku Huwandu kunonaya kunoitika munzvimbo woruwa, sezvo ari nechokure kuora mwoyo, nzvimbo pakati dzakakwirira nenzvimbo dzakakwirira Harar, uyewo pamusoro kumiganhu muGulf of Aden uye Gungwa Dzvuku. Saka, somuenzaniso, pamhenderekedzo mapopoma vanenge 125 mm kuti kunonaya pagore, iyo vanenge anosika chaiyo gwenga ezvinhu.

Kazhinji, dzakakwirira weEtiopia uye Somalia rwenze dzinoratidzwa kumusoro tembiricha. Average tembiricha nharaunda kusvikira dzinenge 20 ⁰ C, uye kufadza zhizha rinosvika 50 ⁰ C.

Panguva iyoyowo, muwanze kukwira tembiricha ezvinhu anosiyana. Above hafu makiromita pamwedzi kutonhora 15-20 ⁰ C. uye usiku muchando tembiricha dzimwe nguva akatura kuna -5 ⁰ C. Kumusoro cherechedza 2,5? Km - More unotonhorera. Avhareji kutonhora kare pano haapfuuri 16 ⁰ C, uye muchando varipo refu zvakakwana uye kwazvo frosts.

rwizi

MuItiopiya dzakakwirira pave akawanda ichivhiringidza mvura nzizi pamwe yakadzika rwizi mumipata. Somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe chikamu ndiye Blue Nile, kumaodzanyemba - Omo.

Blue Nile, iyo inonziwo Abba, ari kurudyi mutero murwizi. Its kureba 1,6 zviuru. Km. Panobva rwizi rinotanga Lake Tana ari kukwirira 1,83? Km. Kwete kure nemuromo Hydroelectric. In Ethiopia, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Blue Nile - rwizi matsvene, huchibva mumunda, saka vomunzvimbo kunounza vake zvipo.

Omo River runoyerera kubva pakati muEtiopiya dzakakwirira, runoyerera kunonyanya zasi. Mumakomo, nhete mugero panzvimbo dzapasi inosvika waro upamhi inowedzera. Porwizi riri pamusoro deva, pamwe vakawanda Mangondo. The kunonyanyisa pamwero rwizi - muzhizha, panguva mvura. Hurumende MuItiopiya anoronga kuvaka Hydroelectric simba chiteshi pamusoro dura, iyo ichapa magetsi kuna Addis Ababa.

Uyewo dzinonakidza okuberekwa anogara kudunhu reJuba rwizi, ruchiyerera kubva Harar Plateau. Inoyerera mhiri Somali kweItari, ruchiyerera kupinda Indian Ocean. Kureba 1.6 zviuru. Km. Pasinei nokuti rwizi runoyerera napakati dzisinganayi dzoga, simba rayo riri kwakatangira zvakadaro zvakawanda kuti anoramba udziku zvose pamwe.

uswa

MuItiopiya dzakakwirira ane raidudzwa dzemakomo wongoramba. Rezasi chikamu dzakatenuka tinoita pamwe inopisa masango mifananidzo vamiririri zvakadai mabhanana dzomusango, michindwe, rabha-mizambiringa, uye vamwe. Munzvimbo yakaoma - maberere masango, uye pamusoro watersheds - call (nemiti, xerophytic masango).

Kupfuura 1,7? Km chakafukidzwa masango yemugomo Ethiopia. Uripi nzvimbo, hatina kare kuwana. vanhu Local vanouti "hondo-Degas". vachikwegura Pakuvamba boled pano misidhari kumboda kutema. Akanakisisa akachengetedzwa treelike Euphorbia, omujunipa, nomuti amburera. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo masango inotsiviwa nemapani. bhandi Uku Highlands kofi muti. Zviri kumusha kupfuura chikamu vemo.

Above 2.4? Km Upland zvinomera rinoumbwa kunyanya rekushongedzesa, mafuro akaronga pano uye zvirimwa bhari.

Menzvimbo Peninsula chakafukidzwa savanna nemhango kure uye egungwa aimiririra dzisinganayi uye inonaya mvura shomanana.

mhuka nyika

MuItiopiya dzakakwirira ane siyana chaizvo fauna of. In yepazasi mapazi ose Plateau mhenyu nzou (rimwe mashoma African dzinogarisana kunze hunhu hwemunhu uye omunyika imomo), zvipembere uye mvuu, warthogs. African nyanga mbiri zvipembere vanomirirwa mhando mbiri - chena uye dema. African chena Rhino rinosvika mana mutinhimira pakureba, ndicho chikamu chikuru mhando zvipembere, riripo chete munzvimbo kudzivirirwa.

Hippos uye zvikara nguruve nokushingaira kuparadza nokuda nyama uye ganda. Akaparadza nokuda dzenzou uye muAfrica nzou. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kuvhima pavo hakubvumidzwi, hazvina haagumiri kwemutemo zhinji.

MuEtiopiya dzakakwirira ine kusanganisira katsi makuru, shumba vanogara pano, uye (zvakawanda) ingwe. Nharaunda ine zvakawanda ungulates: mharapara, nyati, nemhara, oryx. Pakati antelopes, dziri mhando vanopfuura makumi mana anogona kusiyaniswa wildebeest, kudu, zvipfupi antelopes.

Mumasango unozvidzora anorarama yakawanda tsoko - gelada, gverets, hamadryad, etc. muItiopiya dzakakwirira ane siyana kwemarudzi Zvinoumba shiri ... Kune mijenya remaparrot Turaco, shuramurove, Cranes, hawks, makondo. In nemapani, Semi-magwenga uye mumarenje inogarwa mhou, mbizi, twiza.