Herpetology - sayenzi kuti inodzidza zvinokambaira uye amphibians

Sayenzi kuti vanodzidza mhuka inonzi zvemhuka. Zviri yoga chikamu zvipenyu. Chikamu zvemhuka pakubata zvinokambaira anonzi herpetology.

Herpetology uye batrahologiya

Aristotle sezvo wokutanga herpetologist kudzidza dzvinyu, matatya, nenjiva, nyoka kure kuva yoga sayenzi - Herpetology. Amphibians uye zvinokambaira, iye dzikarongwa pamwe uye inonzi "zvinokambaira". Nokufamba kwenguva, pfungwa "inda" kujekesa: zvinokambaira uye amphibians vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Kudzidza amphibians vakatanga kuita sayenzi batrahologiya.

Zvisinei, masayendisiti vanodzidza zvinokambaira uye amphibians zvakare kufarira, uye vakutarisire. Naizvozvo batrahologiya somunhu yoga sayenzi haana kutora, uye kunyanya kuonekwa sechinhu subset kuti herpetology. Ndiko nesayenzi kuti inodzidza zvinokambaira uye amphibians anonzi herpetology.

amphibia

Amphibians - Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika vertebrates aigona kuti haana kubvisa zvachose kushandisa mvura muupenyu hwavo. Vanogona kurarama panyika mvura, saka kugona kwavo mweya vane unhu avo: nokufema zvinogoneka tichibatsirwa gills, mapapu, ganda uye mucous membranes ari nomumukanwa mhango. Amphibians bereka chete mumvura.

Amphibians akazviratidza kwenguva refu, pamwe maonero, havana akanyangarika, pamusoro zvinopesana, vakakwanisa kuti ajairane nderemagariro.

Siyana zviri amphibians, izvo zvakabatsira kuti ajairane nyika yakavapoteredza:

• diki kwemavara;
• kupata zvokudya, saka kuti vanogona kuwana zvokudya zvavo nyore, uye kunovabatsira kudzivisa nzara;
• chinokosha kubereka (nokuita kudaro inokuchengetedza zvipenyu zvavo kutsakatika);
• ruvara, iro anoita somunhu yokunyengera, haibvumiri muvengi kuziva amphibians;
• ari toxicity vamwe mhando - kuzvidzivirira kuvavengi.

zvinokambaira

Shoko "goroondo" muchiLatin rinoreva "kambaira", "vachadedera." All of zvinokambaira: chitarisiko chavo, mararamiro, kubereka kufunga nesayenzi kuti inodzidza zvinokambaira - herpetology.

Mukuru nhamba uye dzakasiyana-siyana vamiririri ichi mhando rakaitwa kuti Mesozoic Era (makore mamiriyoni 230 BC - .. mamiriyoni 67 Makore BC ..). zvinokambaira Ancient inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: kurarama panyika, mvura uye kubhururuka seshiri.

Munyika yanhasi pane marudzi mana nezvinokambaira:

• makarwe;
• klyuvogolovye;
• scaly;
• hamba.

The sainzi kuti inodzidza nyoka nezvimwe nezvinokambaira, anotaura navo yepamusoro vertebrates, pamwe shiri uye mhuka.

Herpetology somunhu wemhuka chikamu

Gore negore mudzimba, Apartments pane mhuka dzakawanda zvekumwe. Animals kuti vanogara terrariums, zvinoda kutarisirwa uye kurapwa, kujairika mamwe dzinovaraidza.

Watch mhuka dzakadaro vanofanira nyanzvi uyo anonzwisisa peculiarities woupenyu mhuka, ane ruzivo yakanaka mumunda yokurapa, kuvhiya angava Qualitative chirwere pangava zvirwere. Saka, murapi wemhuka inofanira kuva herpetologist. Naizvozvo, sei nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza zvinokambaira, pane zita murapi wemhuka chiremba - herpetologist.

Nokubata zvinokambaira kana amphibians, chiremba anofanira kuziva zvose pamusoro maitiro avo ivo kuzvibata pamamiriro ezvinhu, chii zvinhu zviri siyana nguva hwavo.

Terraria

Zvishoma nezvishoma vachipinda hwevanhu dzinosanganisira mufashoni zviri mudzimba zvekumwe mhuka: nezvinokambaira kana amphibians. Zvisinei, kufarira kuti mhuka idzi - haisi kokupata mafaro. Mari zvinoda zvose pakuunganidza zvinodiwa mhuka uye urongwa yayo mumba.

misha More uye muwanze terrariums vanoedza kusika sezvo pedyo pakona zvakasikwa, kushandisa okunze yokushongedzwa of terrarium. Nenyanzvi landscaped terrarium sezvo nemachira, uye unoenderana nezvinodiwa mukati mhuka, munoshongedza imba uye kupa mukana kuchengeta mhuka dzavo zvekumwe nomufaro.

mhedziso

Saka, sayenzi kuti inodzidza zvinokambaira anonzi herpetology. sainzi Izvi zvinosanganisira batrahologiyu - kudzidza amphibians.

Amphibians vanoumba boka duku pakati vertebrates, nezvinokambaira - kaviri. Zvisinei, vamiririri makirasi aya akasiyana uye kufarira zvechokwadi pakudzidza uye kuchinjika kuti zvakatipoteredza. Zvinokambaira uye amphibians - ine utsinye. Panguva iyoyo vakanga varipo misiyano:

• amphibian muviri yakafukidzwa ganda nyoro, reptilian muviri wakafukidzwa mafunurwa, nhoo kana mahwendefa;
• amphibian nenzara kwete, nezvinokambaira - pane;
• Mazai amphibian havana zvakaoma-unhani ari zvinokambaira gobvu zvakaoma deko;
• achangobva Amphibians ndivo mazana pachikuva, nezvinokambaira - kwete;
• amphibians mazai avo mumvura, goroondo - panyika;
• amphibians: salamanders, toads, matatya;
• zvinokambaira - nemakarwe, nenjiva, klyuvogolovye, Amphisbaena, nyoka.

Modern herpetology somunhu sayenzi kuti inodzidza zvinokambaira, anoramba kuongorora anokosha, atungamirire kukura nezvinokambaira uye amphibians. Mumakore achangopfuura zviri kuramba dzakakurumbira basa murapi wemhuka-herpetologist.