Ndeipi methodological unyanzvi? Types uye kupatsanura pakati Instructional nzira. Instructional nzira mukirasi

Methodological nzira rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "kuita kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi." Ino chaiyo dyidzana sequential zviito vadzidzi nevadzidzisi, nemhaka iyo pane kuitwa izere itsva kudzidzisa zvinhu.

nheyo yokungotaura

Instructional nzira iri chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye multidimensional pfungwa. Teaching sainzi harina munhu chaiyo yokusvika kuna zvitupa nzira. Vanyori siyana kupa zvinotevera kudzidzisa nzira:

• nyaya;
• hurukuro;
• kushanda pamwe bhuku;
• rabhoritari tsika;
• tsananguro;
• dzora basa;
• maekisesaizi;
• mufananidzo;
• kuratidzira;
• -siyana muongororo (frontal, munhu, akanyorwa);
• maekisesaizi.

Uyezve, mumwe methodological nzira ane mhando dzakawanda, kubatsira kukurira chero didactic mabasa.

mitoo yokudzidzisa

Instructional unyanzvi hunoshandiswa mukirasi mudzidzisi, kufungisisa nomumwe zvinoitwa mukirasi, akadai chokurovedza pachirongwa. Kugamuchira chinhu chinokosha nzira. In mudzidzisi kudzidzisa mumakoreji uye mumayunivhesiti vadzidzisi vose ramangwana tenzi unyanzvi pakudzidza yakataurwa vaitungamirira vamiririri kudzidzisa nesayenzi. Instructional nzira kuchikoro chepuraimari zvinopa kunonyanyisa kushandisa zvinhu zvinooneka pakudzidzisa, zvakakodzera pazera iri.

Shandai bhuku

Patinoverenga bhuku kusunungurwa dzakawanda nzira:

• kuverenga rugwaro zvinonzwika;
• vaigadzirira zano nokuti iverengwe acho;
• Kuzadza verenga zviri patafura;
• kusarudzwa pfungwa akanzwa acho;
• drafting pfupi Pfupiso yebhuku;
• kusarudzwa emashoko.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, Instructional dzokubvisa mukirasi zvinogona kuitwa nokushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana unyanzvi.

Somuenzaniso, kushanda pamwe bhuku, chokurovedza chirongwa zvinobatana rokunyora husingaoneki uye kuverenga zvinonzwika, uye mumwe kirasi kuti rugwaro akasarudza prices uye vanoumba pfungwa redunhu. Kuita izvozvo, vakomana vari tsananguro uye yokufananidzira nzira. Mudzidzisi anoda vadzidzi vatsva zvinhu edzidzo vavanopisira akazvimirira basa.

Chii chandichiri kushandisa unyanzvi uye nzira

Pedagogical Instructional nzira dziri akaziva chete panguva kuunza yedzidzo muitiro zvakakodzera zvinhu nzira. Nokuti Murabhoritari kugamuchira raida zvokushandisa, kombiyuta michina - pachake kombiyuta. zvinoyamura Training akataura zvinhu zvinhu kuti anodiwa kuti atsigire hwekudzidza. Zvava huru kushandisa mudzidzisi ano.

Pfuma nokudzidziswa

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvinooneka: mufananidzo, muunganidzwa, mienzaniso; pakudzidzisa, kudzidzisa zvinhu.

Nemiviri nokushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri uye zvaunoita chiso chako vanoti, matauriro, kukurukura, zvishande, basa rokuparidza.

Chinangwa kudzidzisa mari kunotemwa avo didactic maitiro. Somuenzaniso, paaidzidzisa kemisitiri, mudzidzisi anoshandisa muenzaniso kuedza panguva padariro kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva. Kusimbisa kuti awana zivo uye unyanzvi, vana zvinopiwa hunoshanda uye mumarabhoritari basa.

mabasa

Ezvemutauro inoshandiswa kuchikoro ano kudzidza, mabasa akawanda mabasa.

1. Compensatory kunobatsira kuderedza rokudzidzisa muitiro, kubatsira kubudirira chinangwa ichi ane zvishoma nguva uye mumuviri nesimba.
2. Adaptive anobatsira mudzidzisi kurondedzera zviri kurangwa wacho uye zera peculiarities vevaanodzidzisa vanogamuchira zvakanaka mamiriro nokuda rinopindirana kukura vana, pakusikwa ezvinhu kuti sangano kuzvimirira basa yevadzidzi.
3. Inodzidzisa kunosanganisira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana Tutorials, video, yaishandiswa, rabhoritari michina.
4. Kusangana ndiye raora ari kudzidzwa mananara uye zvinhu, kudoma hunhu uye zvivako zviri pezvakaitwa kana mitemo.

Kugamuchirwa "kunzvenganzvenga"

Ichi methodological nzira yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakodzera kuti chiduku nguva puranga kudzidza zvakawanda. Kuchikoro kwakarongwa kuti vakawanda zvedzidzo anoranga kuti kudzidza chaizvo nyaya anopiwa risingamboshandisi nhamba maawa. Kuti kufambirana chidzidzo kuti funga ndima dzakawanda, kubatsira mudzidzisi anouya Instructional nzira chete kwakadaro. The chikoro "kunzvenganzvenga" kunoita pfupi kuyeuka mashoko yakawanda mashoko. Material ozeyewa nenzira vatambi nzira, mudzidzisi asingadi kupa vadzidzi munhu turnkey mhinduro, ake kutsvaka anotora vadzidzi pachavo. Nzira idzi dziri unyanzvi yakarongeka kuboka. Pane nekuunganidza vadzidzi, vanodzidza kushanda pamwe chete kuti kuwana mashoko nepfungwa huru, ronga mashoko. By "kunzvenganzvenga" achikodzera kwemarudzi aya Instructional nzira, se "pfupiso pamatafura", "essays", "sumbu".

Chinangwa chikuru kugamuchira "kunzvenganzvenga" - Absorção de Água hombe dura zvinhu zvitsva. Pakutanga, mashoko ari mudzidzisi rakakamurwa wandei dzakasiyana. In boka akataura nhamba mapoka dzidzo, nhamba nomumwe vana hakuiti kupfuudza 5-6 vanhu. Ivo vanoonekwa "chikuru" zvinogumbura. Mashoko matsva rakakamurwa sezvo mizhinji sezvo achange kupindira mune mumwe nechepamberi.

Kana tichifunga yakawanda acho, unogona kuwedzera nhamba yevana mumapoka chikuru anosvika 6-7 vanhu. Zvinodzidzisa vana chete rugwaro. Mumwe chikwata nhengo unowana ndima yake rakaverengwa. Next, chikamu rugwaro mudzidzi ari kushanda nomumwe, zvinoita duramanzwi pfupiso. Chinangwa Its chikuru ndiko kuwana yepamusoro "manikidzira" kubva mundima iyi. Nzira uye Instructional dzokubvisa basa rakadaro hakugumiri mudzidzisi. Unogona kuita zano kuita tafura, tara sumbu.

Muchikamu chinotevera padariro basa aiita basa boka. Vadzidzi kuenda "vaunoshanda navo", imwe nyanzvi boka. Mune imwe chikwata achaunganidzirwa vakomana uchishanda zvakasiyana zvimedu chete rwezuva. Kugamuchirwa rinoitwa muchikurukura. Guys vari kuchinja maonero avo, mabasa, sarudza zvakanaka sarudzo kuti mharidzo yake "chidimbu" rugwaro. Sezvo chimwe chinetso, mudzidzisi anoda kuti ndima mibvunzo kune vamwe vakomana, zvaiva pachena kuti zvinhu vakadzidza. Next, achidzokera vechikoro "bhuku kutigumbura", vaifunga zvichiratidza kupindira. Anoti mharidzo vamwe vadzidzi kuti chikamu rugwaro vari kushanda vana nomumwe. Somugumisiro, nhengo imwe neimwe boka anogamuchira Mini-mharidzo pamusoro wenyaya. Sezvo yokupedzisira padariro "kunzvenganzvenga" nzira kunosanganisira zvinonyatsorehwa mudzimu mukirasi. Mumwe nyanzvi kuuya chikamu kwavo acho, rugwaro ari kuzodzosera nzwisa. Kana "bhururu" zvakakodzera mukwanisi mamwe "nyanzvi" kubva chete boka. Panguva padariro Kufungisisa rinoshandiswa kusarudza mharidzo yaiva zvikuru nyore mumusoro, mharidzo zvakajeka akabvuma zvinhu.

Kwakadaro Instructional nzira kukireshi dhisikaundi muna Lite musimboti. Vasati vava kuenda kuchikoro uyewo mapoka mapoka, asi vari kukurudzirwa kwete mameseji uye chikamu guru mufananidzo. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo "rungano pamusoro tabapi" rakakamurwa wandei yoga mifananidzo. Imwe yembudzi anowana tabapi mufananidzo, wechipiri sekuru vake, ambuya wechitatu, muzukuru wechina, wechishanu zvipembenene, nhanhatu nekatsi. Somugumisiro, pamwe chete vanofanira kuzviisa vakomana nemamwe chikwata vakagadzirira shanduro yakakurumbira rungano zvose.

Kugamuchirwa "nemuteresi"

nzira dzakadai kudzidza uye madzidzisiro vari akakodzera dyidzana rokudzidzisa muitiro. "NoMuteresi" zvakanaka pakugadzirira kuitwa idzva kudzidzisa zvinhu. Iye anonzi nzira inoshanda, sezvo zvakafanana zvakanaka zvemichina zvidzidzo, uye kemisitiri. redirection mikuru nzira iri kumisa metasubject uye interdisciplinary kubatana, achiratidza mukana kushandisa ruzivo rutsva kutsanangura chenhando.

Muzana rokutanga pachikuva, vadzidzi vanofanira kuunganidza muunganidzwa. Uchigadzirira chidzidzo vanopiwa basa kuunganidza kunonyanyisa chitsama zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu zvine chokuita musoro chidzidzo. Somuenzaniso, mune gadziriro dingindira "International Relations of Russian Federation" iri jogirafi, vakomana vari kuenda kune dzimwe Labels uye zvisiri. Vari glued kuva rinokosha album, uye pamusoro rehurukuro mepu chiratidzo madenderedzwa zvose munyika, iyo Russia yakanga Zvinhu.

Nokuti vakadaro chinhu, akadai mabhuku, unganidzai dzakaunganidzwa Portraits vadetembi nevanyori kana vatambi zvakasikwa navo. Pakugadzirira zvipenyu vakomana dzinoumba muunganidzwa mashizha emiti yakasiyana-siyana, algae, shiri, minhenga, uye zvichingodaro. D.

In danho rinotevera chidzidzo chimwe muenzaniso, zvose akawana zvinhu zviri kuumbwa mune imwe album. Mumwe muenzaniso waitoda tsananguro. Kana zvinhu zvinobatana kemisitiri, ndokuchinja zita chigadzirwa, ayo makemikari payakavakirwa, kukura, ukoshi vanhu, unhu hwakaipa.

Chechitatu Danho iri kushanda pamwe muunganidzwa makasika kwokutanga yedzidzo muitiro. Kugadzirwa methodological nzira iyi mhando ndiyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye zvavo wokuziva uye unyanzvi akawana vechikoro. The chidzidzo inovakwa muchimiro uropi-mhete, bhizimisi mutambo, okisheni. Boka rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda, mumwe kuita mharidzo yacho muunganidzwa agadzirwa. Mudzidzisi anogamuchira "bhonasi" wokusarudza unyanzvi ichi sechipo akagadzirira bhuku kana rizere muunganidzwa, vachakwanisa kurishandisa kana tichishanda nevamwe vadzidzi.

Kugamuchirwa "Smart Ring"

Rinoshandiswa chaizvo kuti kubereka zivo. Inogona kushandiswa kuita imwe ongororo yakaitwa vadzidzi usangomhanya bereka ari ozeyewa zvinhu, asi vane associative rokusika mafungiro, pfungwa nengetani vanokwanisa kutanga akapfuura pakati mifananidzo uye ruzivo itsva. Tsvaka "mhete akangwara" anogona kuva chero chidzidzo munguva updating unyanzvi yaivapo, kugadzirira kuti kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, uyewo muchidimbu musoro. Chaizvoizvo Its uvete cherudo mwana so "wetsiva". Zvinofanira kukurira mumwe nhamba "Hits", kutaura zvazviri, mibvunzo inobvunzwa mudzidzisi uye nevamwe vana panyaya. Kufunga mhinduro ane mumasekonzi 3-5 chete. The aronga "wetsiva" mibvunzo anosanganisira mhinduro dzakananga. Nzira iyi inobvumira kuti mudzidzisi kuti nokukurumidza kuitisa muongororo, tarisa padanho rokugadzirira mudzidzi, kuti akariisa mumwe kureva. Mibvunzo inogona tamba chimiro, ipapo kunze zvokuimba ndangariro, mudzidzisi achakwanisa kuziva uye mwero kunzwisisa nyaya. Mibvunzo inogona kuumbwa muchimiro charades, anagram, homonyms. Mibvunzo Math anogona kutsiviwa ane nemumuromo nhoroondo, enyambo Puzzles. In kemesitiri vana kirasi vanokurudzirwa kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zviri Masvomhu kuziva munyori womurayiro.

Kugamuchirwa "Kumhanya Association"

Iye anonzi chinoshingaira nzira yokudzidzisa. Chishandisei kuronga nezivo nokuenzanisa mashoko matsva pamwe kare vawana ruzivo. Rubvumo inobva kubatana kusvika rokudzidzisa muitiro womunhu subconscious nyama bhora. Mubayiro kushanda "kumhanya sangano" richava uptake simba mashoko uye chido mamwe vadzidzi dzidzo. Nokuti dambudziko zvidzidzo achibatsirwa mudzidzisi kuisa chinangwa chikuru basa. Mudzidzisi anokamura kirasi kuriita vaviri vaviri. Ipapo akaisa musoro mukuru chidzidzo. Baby mazita 2-3 mashoko, kusonganirana nazvo dingindira basa. Somuenzaniso, muna masvomhu, "achimhanya sangano" yakakodzera kudzidza "denderedzwa" dingindira. Mudzidzisi rinoratidza rwakapoteredza zvinhu nevana. The chikuru basa vadzidzi vaisanganisa ne inonzwisisika cheni kwatanga nokuda mudzidzisi. Kana chidzidzo kunosanganisira kukura kutaura vevaanodzidzisa, maverengerwe "achimhanya nokuwadzana" uyewo anobatsira mudzidzisi kutsungirira mabasa. chikwata kirasi rakakamurwa vaviri vaviri. Mumwe mwana anodana mashoko maviri unconnected. The dambudziko mudzidzi wechipiri kubudisa mutongo wavo umo mashoko zvichabviswa zvine musoro zvakabatana.

Kupatsanura pakati Instructional unyanzvi hunoshandiswa ano rokudzidzisa mutoo, anopa zvakasiyana siyana vadzidzisi. The hwaro weboka kusarudza nguva dzakasiyana, akapa specificity yenyaya, mhando yokurovedza chidzidzo. Yakarongeka nzira inofanira zvakanyanya uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa hwekudzidza. Nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvokukura chidzidzo ukuru ugone mashoko anochinja zvinoshamisa. Pakutanga, vakomana vanogona kurangarira 60 muzana, kubva miniti muzvirongwa 4 kusvika 23, vanodzidza 90% mashoko kubva 23 kusvika 34 kurangarira hafu ruzivo chete. Kuziva nhamba iyi, mudzidzisi anogona kuvaka zvavo yakarongeka hurongwa basa.

mhedziso

Chii nezvacho pakusarudza Instructional unyanzvi? Nyanzvi dzinoti padanho harizi akarondedzera nguva zuva zvakananga. Somuenzaniso, kunzwisisa mashoko vana vanodzidza zvakanakisisa kubva 11 kusvika 13 maawa. Vamwe kupora kunyatsoshanda panguva mukuru vadzidzi musi Saturday, nekuti zvose zviri kutarisira kuuya kwevhiki. Selectable Instructional nzira inofanira pamwe zvinobudirira havachaoni zvinhu, ano rwokugadzira zvivako. Uyezve, panofanira kuva inofambiswa zvizere panguva kudzidzisa zvemusangano pakati pavana uye mudzidzisi. For kunonyanyisa kubudirira vakashandisa nzira dzokudzidzisa, vanofanira kubatanidzwa pamwe rinoreva edzidzo. By kuvasarudza Instructional nzira, mudzidzisi ari kutsvaka vachagara kubatsira kukurudzira vadzidzi kuti nezvairehwa zvinhu zvitsva. Somuenzaniso, nokuti vadzidzisi kemisitiri uye wefizikisi pedyo magadzirirwo tsvakurudzo nzira. The chaizvo zvinhu izvi zvokuti kunosanganisira yakawanda rechikoro. For mumuviri vadzidzisi dzidzo vari akakodzera zvinenge zvose nzira kudzidza padanho rimwe nerimwe chidzidzo, unogona kushandisa zvidimbu michina yemazuva yedzidzo.