Izvozvi kune mumhepo kumanikidzwa. History of kuwanikwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa

Atmospheric kumanikidzwa - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha okunze unhu chokuita nemamiriro okunze uye munhu. Zvinoita kuti paumbwe madutu uye anticyclones, chinokurwadzai kuvandudzwa zvemwoyo zvirwere muvanhu. Uchapupu kuti mhepo une uremu zvakagadzirwa muna 17 CE, sezvo muitiro kwokudzidza zvakasiyana ayo ari musimboti kuti Synoptists.

Chii mumhepo

Shoko "zvakatipoteredza" riri echiGiriki mavambo, zviri chaizvoizvo rakashandurwa se "chiutsi" uye "bhora". Izvi gaseous hamvuropu vakapoteredza nyika, izvo rotates pamwe anoumba rimwe chete yepasi pose muviri. Unotangira goko paNyika, rakapinza kupinda hydrosphere, uye exosphere inoguma, zvishoma nezvishoma inoyerera ichipinda interplanetary muchadenga.

The kuitika nyika - ndiwo chinonyanya chinokosha kuti inopa mukana woupenyu Panyika. Rine zvakafanira okisijeni munhu, izvozvo zvinoenderana ekunze parameters. Muganhu zvomumhepo pane zvinodiwa chaizvo. Zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti vanotanga kure anenge 1000 makiromita kubva pasi pamusoro uye zvakare pana chinhambwe 300 makiromita zvakanaka munzvimbo interplanetary muchadenga. Maererano dzidziso, vanoomerera NASA raMwari, ichi gasi mumuhara rinoguma ane kukwira vanenge 100 makiromita.

It akasimuka somugumisiro kuputika kwemakomo, uye kwemvura kuti zvinhu zviri yepasi pose mitumbi wakawira nyika yacho. Nhasi paNyika muchadenga chinosanganisira senitrogen, okisijeni, argon nezvimwe magasi.

History of kuwanikwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa

Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17, vanhu havana kumbofunga nezvokuti kana mhepo ine uremu. Uyewo pane pfungwa chii mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Zvisinei, apo Duke pamusoro Tuscany asarudza kushongedzera akakurumbira Florentine mapindu pamwe zvitubu, chirongwa chake kwakakundikana. Kukwirira mvura mbiru haafaniri kupfuudza 10 metres, izvo zvinopesana pfungwa dzose mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa panguva. Zviri pano kuti yakatangwa nhoroondo kuwanikwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa.

Kudzidza Fani iyi vakatora mumwe mboni Galileo, wokuItaly yefizikisi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Evangelista Torricelli. Achibatsirwa kuedza pamwe kwakanyanya okunze, mekuri, makore mashoma gare gare, akakwanisa kuratidza nezvokuvapo kurema mhepo. Akatanga akasika Vacuum murabhoritari uye akakurukura chaicho wokutanga. Torricelli raimiririra girazi chubhu akazadzwa mekuri, zvakasara pasi kumanikidza ane chitsama ane venhumbi anoenzanisa aomerwa zvomumhepo. Mercury Mbiru kukwirira akaenzana 760 mm. Water - 10.3 metres, ichi ndicho kukwirira panguva wakamutsa namatsime muminda yose Florence. Ndiye akavhura yevanhu kuti barometric kumanikidzwa uye sei zvinokanganisawo upenyu hwomunhu. Vacuum ari chubhu kwave zita mu kukudzwa kwake "Torricellian maturo."

Sei uye pakudaro akasika mumhepo kumanikidzwa

Mumwe kiyi zviridzwa meteorology - nokudzidza rwokufamba kufamba mhepo zvavo. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti pfungwa, saka kuti mumhepo kumanikidzwa akasikwa. Pashure zvakanga zvakaratidza kuti mhepo ine uremu, zvakava pachena kuti iye, somumwe muviri munyika, simba kukwezvana. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera panowanikwa kufurirwa kana vakadhakwa regiravhiti ndiyo mhepo. Mumhepo kumanikidzwa dzinosiyana nokuda kusiyana mukanyiwa mhepo panguva muzvikamu zvakasiyana.

Apo mhepo huru, zvinonyanya kumusoro. Mugore rarefied inosvika akaona mumhepo kumanikidzwa. Chikonzero kuchinja mukanyiwa mhepo rinobva tembiricha kwayo. Haana neshungu kubva zuva mwaranzi uye pepasi. Panguva kudziyisa, mhepo vakareruka uye ichibuda kumusoro apo two chilled mhepo makore kuwira pasi, kutanga kugara, kuramba kufamba mhepo zvavo. Mumwe nemumwe Rwako izvi ane mhepo yakapoteredza yakasiyana kumanikidzwa, izvo chinokurwadzai pakuonekwa mhepo pamusoro pechiso redu.

Pokudzora okunze

Atmospheric kumanikidzwa - mumwe kiyi mazwi ari meteorology. Weather Panyika achiumbwa nokuda migumisiro madutu uye anticyclones, izvo yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora kufurirwa kusiyana gaseous hamvuropu panyika. Ichava nenguva yakanaka nokuti mukuru prices (kusvika 800 mm HG uye pamusoro) uye pasi nokukurumidza, ukuwo nedutu - nharaunda hwakaderera uye kumhanya. Washington, madutu, washington vari kuumbwa nokuda pakarepo nokufamba mu mumhepo nevezera - mukati dutu izvozvo nokukurumidza akawa, richisvika 560 mmHg.

Kufamba mhepo kunokonzera kuchinja mamiriro ekunze. Mhepo yomuka pakati dzinodiwa yakasiyana siyana dzvinyiriro, uye kwakadonhera madutu Anticyclones yokuti kune mumhepo kumanikidzwa, achiumba zvimwe mamiriro ekunze. anodudzira ava kashoma hurongwa, uye vane zvakaoma chaizvo kufembera. Munzvimbo yakakwirira uye vakaderera ratinoona nezvinetso vasangana, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze.

Typical Properties

Avhareji pasi akanaka ezvinhu anonzi kuti ufanane 760 mm HG. kumanikidzwa pamwero kunosiyana-siyana pamwe kukwira: mu zvanza kana munzvimbo iri pazasi pegungwa, kumanikidza achava yepamusoro pane imwe nokukwirira umo rarefied mhepo, kusiyana, ayo waivako ipfupi 1 mmHg dzose kiromita.

Low mumhepo kumanikidzwa

It shoma vachiwedzera kukwira nokuda kure pepasi. Muchiitiko chokutanga, izvi imhaka vasanyanye matambudziko rinokweva mauto.

Neshungu kubva panyika, magasi izvo anoumba mhepo, vari kuwedzera, vakawanda vavo kunova nyore, uye vakasimuka munzvimbo yepamusoro mhepo. Movement kunoitika chero bedzi pedyo mhepo makore havazodyari zvishoma gobvu mhepo ipapo anopararira kusvika mativi uye kumanikidza equalized.

Traditional mundima hwakaderera mumhepo vachimanikidzwa vanonzi dzinopisa. On the Equatorial pasi kumanikidzwa dzine nguva dzose kuchengetwa. Zvisinei, nzvimbo dzakakwirira uye pasi indekisi vakagovera pamusoro Earth vanoiswa iri chete nenzvimbo Latitude vangave dzinodiwa yakasiyana siyana.

The zvakawedzera mhepo nevezera

The soro pamwero munyika kune North uye South nematanda. Izvi imhaka yokuti mhepo pamusoro Cold penyika anova chando uye gobvu, ayo uremu kunowandawo, saka, izvozvo Kunokwezva zvakawanda pamusoro negiravhiti. Iye anowira, uye nzvimbo pamusoro payo raguta inodziya mhepo makore, saka kuti mumhepo kumanikidzwa iri vanowanika rurefu chechetere.

Impact pamusoro munhu

Normal tsika maitiro evanhu zvipenyu munzvimbo havafaniri chero zvazvinoita utano hwake. Zvisinei, mumhepo kumanikidzwa, uye upenyu Panyika zvakabatana chaizvo. changed ake - kuwedzera kana kudzikisa - kungakonzera kukura zvemwoyo chirwere mune vanhu vane chirwere cheBP. Munhu anogona kuona marwadzo mumwoyo, yokurwiswa causeless nemusoro, ungaderedza unongotaura.

Nokuti vanhu vachitambura kubva zvirwere zvokufema, anogona kuva anticyclones ngozi kuti aunze yakawedzera kuomesa. Mhepo pairi uye rinova denser, anowedzera wevasungwa kuti zvinokuvadza.

Panguva mumhepo kumanikidzwa nokufamba zvinoderedza kutapata muvanhu, ropa leukocytes, haisi varumbidzwa mumazuva iwayo vapinze muviri mumuviri kana noungwaru.