Environmental mitemo Commoner

Barry Commoner akava mukurumbira ecologist nokuda mabhuku ayo nevakawanda kudzokororwa. Akakwanisa akakurumbira mutauro nesayenzi kutsanangura kuti American ruzhinji ngozi zvoufuza atinoitwa zvakatipoteredza. Famous mitemo Commoner - imwe zvavo pakati zvakabudiswa, nevatsvakurudzi uyo akaita makore akawanda ake nyanzvi basa.

Biography Commoner

musayendisiti Future Barry Commoner akaberekwa muna 1917 muNew York, mwanakomana vatama kubva Russian Empire. Akasarudza kupedzera hwake nesayenzi. The Jaya akaenda Harvard University, kwaakanga kudzidza muna 1941. Mukomana nyanzvi akagamuchira doctorate yake zvipenyu. Kunyange payunivhesiti akava kufarira kudzidza dambudziko pakati ozone kuparadzwa.

Research musayendisiti akaumba hwaro anoverengeka mabhuku ake chakatsaurwa kuti ikoroji. Ivo kusanganisira rakabudiswa uye Commoner nemirairo vava pakuva nevatsvakurudzi. Mamwe mabhuku dzakabudiswa kunyange musayendisiti muSoviet Union. Pakutanga zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi Commoner zvikuru USSR. Chokwadi raiva kuti American ecologist akabata mugovanisi maonero. Tikafunga kuruboshwe-bapiro dzematongerwe uye zvakatipoteredza zveBhaibheri akava hwaro mabhuku ake "anovhara loop" uye "Technology kwemubairo." Vane mitemo uye Commoner.

Capitalism pokukuvadza ikoroji

Commoner aidavira kuti ano maindasitiri ano uye ndichibvunza kugadzirwa rinochiwedzera chinotyisidzira vanhu vose. Environmental kusvibiswa iri kukura uye nokuda kuchiva vashandirwi uye mamiriro dzokubvisa kunonyanyisa purofiti. Mitemo Environmental Commoner kubatanidzwa capitalist gadziriro, hunhu ari kutambura umo kwazvo.

Uyewo, kuti musayendisiti akaedza kuratidza vaverengi vake pfungwa kuti kukuvara yatova zvisingaiti kudzorera. Muvanhu, hakuna kuita kuti mutangezve yakarasika mararamiro. Naizvozvo Commoner mitemo inobva chii chinodiwa kudzivirira zvinobvira kukuvadza pane kurapa maronda kare kunoitwa nenzanga.

Alternative simba matura

American ecologist kwete chete akataura zvinokanganiswa kugadzirwa ano. Rinopawo negadziriso kubva izvi. Commoner aiva chinoshingaira mutsigiri kushandisa renewable simba zvinyorwa zvakadai. The wekutanga kosi pamushana.

Commoner pfungwa zvainyanya 70-ies. Nhasi unogona kuzvionera Implementation zvakawanda muzvirongwa ake. Solar ukomba mahwindimiri - ichi zvose zvava chinowanzoitwa manyuko simba nokuda vapfumi nyika. ruzivo aya kwete chete kushandiswa makuru mabhizimisi, asi kunyange mudzimba zvavo vomunyika. rezuva musika muna US uye Europe iri yaimera uchitsanya kumhanya.

redistribution pfuma

Mitemo Famous Commoner Ecology kureva nezvinetso zvamagariro kuti zvakakonzera kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Remakore rechimakumi maviri akawedzera musiyano uri pakati pevapfumi nevarombo nyika. Mune dzimwe States, pane nokukurumidza rwokugadzira mberi imwe muupenyu zvishoma nezvishoma.

Izvi zvoupfumi mananara nokuda kwounyanzvi rokuti "World Third". Zvikurukuru, ichi ndicho Africa. Ukuwo, muAsia, mune dambudziko rakakura pamwe overpopulation. Giant maguta Chinese Vatungamiriri venyika nokusunungurwa kwevanhu smog nezvimwe Zvinosvibisa Mupasi muchadenga.

Mitemo Barry Commoner yakavakirwa mugovanisi pfungwa. Masayendisiti zvamaronga kuti kuparadzira upfumi hwenyika. Maererano pfungwa yake, imwe mari vakapfuma nzanga vaitofanira kuenda kuvandudza upenyu yakaderera-upenyu. Izvi aizorega Tichitarisa zvinetso zvemhoteredzo munharaunda idzi. Nokuda overpopulation vava kudzika rwizi skudeyut subsoil pfuma, vakaparadza kuenderera dzinongoitika Links namaketani.

"Zvose zvakabatana zvose"

In zvachose mune 4 Mutemo Commoner. Chokutanga izvi inonzi "Zvose zvakabatana zvose." Chii pfungwa yake? Commoner mumabhuku ake akaedza kutsanangura kuti zvose zvinoitika zvakasikwa, zviri hwakada zvinodyidzana. Kana munhu upi zvake anokuvadza chikamu chimwe kwezvakatipoteredza, tinongonzwa ine zororo.

Mutemo Commoner "Zvose zvakabatana zvose" hunonziwo mutemo guru womukati nemwero. Pfungwa iyi rinoti kunyange kuchinja zviduku munhu munyika zvakamupoteredza, pamusoro nguva kuva nenjodzi.

Funga muenzaniso. Company kushandisa kutengeswa namatanda, zvakawanda akatema dondo. Izvi zvingaita vamwe zvakasikwa? Pamwe kuderera nhamba miti kuri kuderedzwa uye uwandu vakasununguka okisijeni. Uyezve, pane dzimwe senitrogen oxide choutsi mumhepo, deplete kuti ozone rukoko. Pakupedzisira, vokupedzisira link chain ichiwedzerwa ultraviolet nemwaranzi kukuvadza zvose zvipenyu.

Darwin uye Buckwheat

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mitemo inokosha ikoroji Commoner akagadzira kubudikidza nokuziva mabasa avo vamutangira. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, musayendisiti iri dzidzo yavo nyanzvi aiva zvipenyu. Iye akadzidza yaDarwin uye Ainyatsoziva kuti Biography rake rinobwinya mugadzi.

Mune rimwe remabhuku ake Commoner akaudza kuziva chokwadi muupenyu muvambi pfungwa shanduka. Rimwe zuva, Darwin akatendeuka varimi kukumbira mazano sei kuwedzera zvibereko Buckwheat. The musayendisiti akati tisingazvifungiri. Akapa varimi kuti zvakawanda nekatsi. Darwin, sezvo Commoner, ainyatsoziva kuti interconnectedness zvose zvinoitika zvakasikwa. Akanzwisisa kuti katsi itsva pedza voles, nguva dzose Chiteshi Buckwheat chirimwa kubva kuvarimi. Nyaya Iri mufananidzo wakakwana chii ndaida kutaura Barry Commoner. mitemo zvemhoteredzo, sezvinoratidzwa nomuenzaniso uyu, zvakaratidza empirically.

"Zvose ane kuenda kumwe"

Chechipiri mutemo Commoner redistribution Fani kukanganisa zvinhu munyika zvakatipoteredza. Pfungwa iyi, akagadzira neAmerican musayendisiti, anonzi "Zvose ane kuenda pane imwe nzvimbo." In zvepanyama ezvinhu zvakasikwa fuma neimwe ine yayo kutenderera "upenyu." Kwezvakatipoteredza iri synthesized chete kuti mune ramangwana anogona kunyangarika.

Barry Commoner Mitemo hurumende kuti chinhu dzinongoitika muitiro. Uye ichi chinonetsa havabvumirani. Zvisinei, chero vanhu vakapinda ano yaitonga, nguva dzose pave chakagadzirwa zvinhu zviri zvakaoma kubvisa pasina nemigumisiro zvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, zviri DDT, polyethylene uye zvichingodaro .. In chete mazita anogona kunzi kupfuma zvikaramba kubva Wepasi menyika. Zvishandiswezve uye akashandisa reserves mafuta kwezvakatipoteredza zvisingafi chiratidzo. Mitemo B. Commoner vake wose dzidziso kumutsoropodza kugadzirwa zvakadai. Mafuta, mhangura nezvimwe zvinhu zviri dzikwanise yeimwe itsva, zvisingagone yokubudisa mune zvakatipoteredza.

Pakurwisana kugadzirwa tsvina

Munhu haagoni kuramba indasitiri ano. Panguva imwe cheteyo kuti chaizvo vasiri tsvina kuri zvisingaiti. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti kunoratidza dzinenge kuderedza kukuvadza hunokonzera kugadzirwa zvakasikwa.

Mitemo Barry Commoner zvakapoteredza vanotaura kuti, chokutanga, mabikirwo mutsva aifanira kuva shoma zvekuvaka-nyanyisa. Chechipiri, unofanira kusika firimu umo munhu basa tsvina inogona kushandiswa senzvimbo mbishi zvinhu. Pakupedzisira, Chechitatu, kana akabuda inokuvadza zvigadzirwa harinzvengeki, kambani vanosungirwa dzinovapa zvine tsvina maitiro uye marara.

"Nature anonyatsoziva"

Wechitatu mutemo Commoner Kana kuoma munyika. Kunyange murume ano, noruzivo dzayo dzose, havagoni kuziva zvose ukama mukati zvisikwa. The biosphere ine emamiriyoni ezvisikwa siyana. Rakakamurwa kuva muzvizhinji kuti zvikamu. Nemiti uye fauna of zvenyika kunge wakashanduka-shanduka pamusoro kwemabhiriyoni emakore. Kana munhu asina kupindira azvaiitwa, kunyange kuda kuvandudza nharaunda vakamupoteredza, iye chete kukonzera kumwe kukuvara.

Mitemo Environmental Commoner vanokurudzira vanhu kuti kungwarira. Active kusanduka zvakasikwa kungaita kuti chokwadi kuti nyika yedu haisi akakodzera hwandaiva upenyu. Human kupindira akauya mazana mienzaniso nyaya chete vachangobva. Somuenzaniso, ari kupfura pamapere mune dzimwe mumasango kuchamhembe zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti nzvimbo iyi chaivo chakarasikirwa "vanamukoti" ayo chaivo. In China, yakawanda vakapfurwa shiri duku. Residents vaidavira kuti zvipfuyo shiri idzi huru kukuvadza zvirimwa. Kana shiri kunge vakanyangarika, kuti yatsiviwa nezvipembenene, hakuna munhu akanga aripo. Zvakachinja zvipenyu cheni kwakatungamirira yakakura goho Nokurasikirwa mu China.

"Hapana anouya mahara"

Uyu rokupedzisira mutemo Commoner. Ane mumwe kududzirwa, hunoti "kubhadhara zvose." Mutemo kunobva papfungwa kuti yepanyama hurongwa anogara anova tichiregeredza kwezvakatipoteredza. Dzakafanana biosphere rine muzvizhinji zvikamu. Kana zvikaonekwa chinhu chitsva, zvichaita hazvo kutsiva chinhu yekare.

The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro hwokugadzira nebudiriro vanhu. Kana isu kusika chinhu kunokanganisa hunhu, zvichakutungamirira kune dzimwe Nokurasikirwa mu zvakatipoteredza. Mitemo B. Commoner kwezvakatipoteredza chokuita zvinotaurwa yomunyika guru zvakanyatsoenzana, izvo kare anotaurwa rondedzero mutemo wokutanga.

Masayendisiti akaenzanisa kuchinja zvakasikwa kuripwa rugwaro. Munhu kuparadza chinhu akwegura kuti itsva. Muchiitiko chino, zvinogona kunonotsa zvisingadzivisiki mubhadharo "pamusoro bhiri," asi vachingove kubhadhara tichikufunga. Mutemo wechina ndiwo muenzaniso mukuru. Hazvina kurima. With wepagore miriwo chete panzvimbo pachiyero zvinovaka muviri muvhu (phosphorus, senitrogen, potassium t. D.) ipfupi. Pose chirimwa rine zvishoma uye zvishoma. Pakupedzisira, mumwe munhu anofanira kana kusiya nzvimbo kana kubata pamwe fetiraiza.

Ecotechnologies

Commoner zvinganaka kuumba idzva mhando okuwana, izvo zvaizoita kushanda tichienderana zvakasikwa. Izvi zvinonzi eco ruzivo. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvirongwa zvakadai ingangodaro ezvidzidzo kana vari kufunga yavo uwirirane pezvakaitwa kuitika biosphere, kana kunyange kuvarinda. saka vanhu vanofanira kujekesa pfungwa iyo hunhu unochengeta kwayo nomwero. Nechekare kwakavakirwa mirayiro iyi, nzanga achakwanisa pave kugadzirwa zvakatipoteredza noushamwari.

Muenzaniso zviri kuitika marara zvinhu. Zvakasikwa, ivo anoora chete nokubatsirwa tusingaoneki. Asi vamwe tsvina yevanhu chete zvakavapoteredza. Saka, maererano Commoner, vanhu vanofanira kuraswa ari biosphere chete kuti iye uchagona kupinza. Other zvakakodzera kuti artificially bikurudza vachishandisa yazvino. Zviri mubvunzo kwezvakatipoteredza feasibility.