Mapfupa chiso: yacho anatomi. mapfupa chiso of dehenya

dehenya evanhu ari muchimiro ogtogeneze kaviri kuchinja. In utero uye achangobva kuzvarwa yomwana dehenya zvikuru woita, nokuti kuti uropi zvakawanda yakatanga mariri uye kuti naHama zvinoda yakakura cranial chinzvimbo. Maumbirwe dehenya kunosiyana-siyana sezvo meno vachikura ndokuinama kutsenga netsandanyama.

Mhando mapfupa chiso

The dehenya ane chiso uye pfungwa zvikamu. Muganhu nhema pakati musana uye orbital kumahombekombe. mapfupa Cranial vari sandarara. Zvakabatana vazvo kuti kubvumira kukura vose mapfupa cranial. Pashure Ossificação em kukura rinomira.

chikamu pamberi yeDehenya iri rinoumbwa nasal uye kunanzvana in. By unpaired dzinosanganisira:

• ethmoid pfupa;
• opener;
• hyoid pfupa.

Of vaviri vamire panze:

• hwepamusoro rushaya;
• nasal pfupa;
• nechido;
• lacrimal;
• malar;
• webbed;
• palatine pfupa;
• rezasi rushaya;
• turbinate.

Ngatikurukurei zvose mapfupa chiso dehenya.

maxilla

pfupa uyu hwemvura kamuri. It ine muviri uye mana kwendangariro. The muviri kunosanganisira maxillary sinus, iyo anokurukura navanopinda akatsemuka uye nasal mhango. The muviri rine mberi, infratemporal, ophthalmic uye nasal hukawanika.

Front penyika ine concave chimiro. On wayo ndiye infraorbital nharaunda pazasi riri pakazaruka infraorbital tsinga uye nemidziyo. Pasi payo - the buri racho canine fossa. On the medial pamupendero iri zvakaumbwa uta zvakanaka kuchekwa, umo buri pamberi zvinooneka nasal mhango. Rezasi kumucheto mabasa uye pave nasal nomuzongoza.

Kubva orbital pamusoro pave nechepazasi orbital rusvingo ane mvere concave mativi chimiro. Munzvimbo yacho medial pamupendero nayo muganhu pamwe lacrimal pfupa, orbital ndiro uye mapfupa. In seri muganhu anomhanya pamwe rezasi orbital kutsemuka uku kubva kupi rinotanga infraorbital muforo. Front ari tinoshandurirwa infraorbital mugero.

Infratemporal pamusoro zvinoumbwa kubva pterygopalatine uye infratemporal-palatal Makomba. Front nayo demarcated ari zygomatic muitiro. It inomira pachena kubva pachikomo shaya, apo vakatanga alveolar makomba, akatendeuka munzvimbo yakafanira makwara. channel operam midziyo uye tsinga yakanangana molars.

yepamhino pamusoro chakaumbwa kunzwisisa kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. Zvinonzi pamwe pfupa pedenga uye yakaderera goko mhuno, kuenda rokumusoro chikamu palatal mapfupa. Pamusoro pemvura zvakajeka kuoneka maxillary razschelina muchimiro netriangle. Mberi zvakanaka varehwa munhu wehunyambiri paburi, riri kwakabatana rezasi goko uye nasal lacrimal pfupa.

Uyezve chiso dehenya mapfupa anoramba frontal manda anomuitira kubva yokumusoro rushaya miviri panzvimbo convergence pamusoro nasal, ophthalmic uye mberi hukawanika. Imwe kuguma kwacho rinouya uta ari frontal mapfupa. On the lateral pamusoro nhema lacrimal penyika kupfuura munzvimbo infraorbital nharaunda, delimiting misodzi muforo. On the medial pamusoro ndiyo afoot hwomumazinga akatevedzana unobatanidza pamwe chete zygomatic pfupa.

Zygomatic muitiro, vachisiya shaya, uyewo converges pamwe zygomatic pfupa.

Alveolar pfupa - gobvu ndiro chete divi concave, uye mumwe - convex exiting kubva shaya. Its pamupendero repasi - nayo alveolar chinhu chakakombama pakadzika (lune zino) 8 nokuti rokumusoro mazino. Alveolar mupanda inonzi Kuwanikwa mezhalveolyarnyh partitions. Kunze dzinounzwa kwakadzikira, zvakajeka kunyanya kwakunoitwa Anterior nharaunda.

Scion denga chinhu chinjikira ndiro. Iye anobva kubva nasal pamusoro, kwainoenda kune alveolar pfupa. Its pamusoro penyika iri kumeso uye pave pasi madziro nasal mhango. Muganhu medial ane vanomutswa mhino akatevedzana, iyo pave palatal muitiro, kubatanidza pamwe pamuuyo nebadza.

Rezasi pemvura roughness zvakasiyana, umire seri palatine muforo. The medial kumucheto zvakabatana chete manda Ukuwo, apo munhu mukanwa nesimba. Kumucheto pamberi pakazaruka mugero mbezo uye shure - unobatanidzwa pamwe palatal pfupa.

mapfupa palatine

mapfupa chiso vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired. Palatine pfupa zvinoreva vaviri. Inoitwa perpendicular uye zvido zvevanhu ndiro.

The chinjikira ndiro rine pamakona mana. Pamwechete palatine mapfupa outgrowths ndiro denga. A chinjikira pasi ndiro rine mafungu pamusoro. Nasal pamusoro, kusiyana, risina mvere. Therealong uye nemanda iri nasal maxillary penyika kupfuura kupinda mhino mafupa.

Perpendicular rusvingo ndiro dziri nasal mhango. On yaro lateral pose paburi iri denga guru. Iye, pamwe chete grooves yokumusoro rushaya nemanda iri sphenoid pfupa, ndinosika hombe denga chiteshi. Pakupedzisira zviri buri. Pazuva medial pemvura ndiro, peya chinjikira crests - imwe afoot apo mumwe - the singi.

Kubva palatine pfupa riri chiso kunzvimbo yeDehenya ibvai orbital, pyramidal uye achikanganisa-zvakaumbwa zvinoshandiswa. Wokutanga rinomhanya laterally uye mberi, wechipiri unotii pasi, shure uye laterally panguva nzvimbo kubatana ndiro uye wechitatu odzokera uye medially kuburikidza kune sphenoid pfupa.

vomer

Opener ndiye unpaired mapfupa chiso pamusoro dehenya. Izvi trapezoidal ndiro riri pakati nasal mhango uye pave partition. Verhnezadny kumucheto mukobvu kupfuura wemigove. Zvinonzi yakakamurwa nepakati, uye vari muforo aumba inopfuura muromo uye penyika yacho sphenoid mapfupa. Rwemberi kumucheto anoparadzanisa choanae, pazasi - chokuita mhino anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri palatine pfupa uye mberi - mune chimwe chete nasal septum, uye mune mumwe bwendefa ethmoid mapfupa.

nasal pfupa

Aiwanzopiwa wokushanda chiso dehenya mapfupa dzinoturwa nasal pfupa, kutanga musana pfupa. Izvi bwendefa pamwe makona mana, hwepamusoro pamupendero iyo mukobvu uye akamanikana kupfuura rezasi. Hwakabatana kune frontal pfupa, ari lateral - pamwe frontal rikurumidze, uye rezasi pamwe zvitsigiro frontal zvinoitawo muganhu aperture yacho nasal mhango. The pamberi pechiso pfupa ane pose kumeso, uye shure - concave zvakachinjikwa paburi.

lacrimal pfupa

Izvi dzevanhu mapfupa chiso yeDehenya vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. Vakapa asi kusimba bwendefa ari muchimiro quadrangle. With payo, rusvingo pamberi muchadenga. Pamberi zviri vakabatana frontal muitiro, pamusoro - neminondo ari frontal pfupa, uye shure - pamwe bwendefa ethmoid pfupa, kutanga inotaura ayo medial penyika. On the lateral pamusoro rakamiswa lacrimal penyika misodzi nechiredzo pakupedzisira. A mberi lacrimal paburi.

cheekbone

Mumwe peya pfupa, kubatanidza mapfupa chepfungwa uye uso dehenya. It chinomirirwa orbital, zvenyama uye lateral hukawanika, uyewo frontal nezvenyama kwendangariro.

The lateral penyika iri pamutemo quadrilateral orbital siyana rusvingo pasi raitenderera uye infraorbital nharaunda, zvenyama - chikamu infratemporal fossa.

Frontal manda kunosvika kumusoro nezvenyama - pasi. Wokupedzisira zygomatic muitiro zygomatic Arch siyana. Bone yokumusoro rushaya akatasva ari serrated nzvimbo.

dzikisa rushaya

Ndicho chete Mobile cranial pfupa. Hazvina unpaired uye rine chinjikira muviri, uye matavi maviri tote.

The muviri ndeyokubvisa imwe chidhongi chimiro uye vane nechinzwano kwokunze penyika. repasi pamupendero wayo uri thickened uye vakagumisa, uye okumusoro chikamu chete pave alveolar mazino Formação de izvo vanoparadzaniswa mumwe nokuda partitions.

Pamberi chirebvu yaiva protrusion richikura uye akatendeukira kupinda chirebvu tubercle. Shure pane foramen mupfungwa, pashure zvadonherwa oblique mutsetse.

Pakati pezana menzvimbo rezasi rushaya asunungurwa chirebvu nomuzongoza, nedivi izvo pane oblong 2-abdominal fossa. At rokumusoro kumucheto, pedyo mazino Formação de, ndiye sublingual fossa, pasi rwakatanga simba rushaya-hyoid mutsetse. A mutsetse riri pasi submandibular fossa.

Branch shaya ndiko chiutsi, ane kumberi uye neshure micheto, yokunze uye pemvura yomukati. On rokunze chikamu dög dzakaonekwa, uye mukati - pterygoid tuberosity.

Bazi rinoguma mberi uye neshure zvinoshandiswa kuti amunzwire zvichikwira. Pakati pavo hakuna ari clipping rezasi shaya. Anterior muitiro - in coronal, akataura pamusoro. Muzinga Buccal anotungamirirwa chawo kuti yakakura nezino. A rwemberi nemanda condylar apedza musoro, mutsipa iyo anotuma yakaderera shaya.

hyoid pfupa

Mapfupa chiso kunzvimbo yeDehenya kuguma hyoid pfupa, riri mu pamutsipa pakati dokeriro ezasi shaya. Anosanganisira muviri uye vaviri zvinoshandiswa muchimiro zvikuru nezviduku nyanga. pfupa curved muviri, nechemberi - the convex uye kurutivi rwemberi - concave. Mativi hadzitsauki nyanga huru navakapfuura, laterally uye shure - diki. The hyoid pfupa riri yakaturikwa kubva dehenya mapfupa kubudikidza tsandanyama nemarunda. Zvinonzi chokuita dokeriro.

mhedziso

Patinodzidza mapfupa chiso yeDehenya, anatomi inotifungisa chokutanga Nzvimbo zvose zvakaoma pamusoro wokunze uye yomukati hukawanika, izvo akatsanangura kuti pane pfungwa, ganglia uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati.

Mapfupa vari mira (kunze nechepazasi shaya). Vari richengetwe ne zvakasiyana vazvo vari dehenya uye chiso, uyewo kuburikidza shwashwa panguva pezvisungo zvenguvo cranial hwaro.