Ikoko meteorite yakawira kupi kuKeababinsk? Mufananidzo uye tsanangudzo kubva panzvimbo yemeteorite inowira

Chelyabinsk iguta guru reRussian Federation, sayenzi, makambani uye mutsika nzvimbo yeUrials. Iko guta revanhu vanoshanda, vanozivikanwa nokuda kwesimba rayo remabhizimisi uye zvinyorwa zvemabhizimisi. Asi musi waFebruary 15, 2013 guta rakakurumbira munyika yose mushure mokunge meteorite yakawira muChelyabinsk.

Chii chakanyatsoitika?

Panenge pa9: 30: vagari vomunharaunda venguva vagari ve Chelyabinsk kwete chete, asiwo nzvimbo dziri kure dzakataridzika mudenga kukurumidza kukuruka kwechinhu chinopenya chinopenya chisingazivikanwe, shure kwekuti simba rejet rakange riri kutambanudza. Zvadaro kutyisidzira kwakaputika, izvo zvakakonzera kuparadzwa kwakawanda, uko kwakapoteredza vanhu vanopfuura 1500 vagari vomuguta.

Guta racho rakarondedzerwa hurumende, masimba eUnited States Emergency Measures, masoja, mapurisa akatumirwa kunzvimbo inonzi iyo yekuwa kwemuviri usina kuzivikanwa. Ikoko zvakare kwakauya mberi masayendisiti uye kuziva. Nzira imwe neimwe yevhidhiyo yeRussia yakatumira vatori venhau varo kune chiitiko chechiitiko chacho, munhu wose aida kutora mifananidzo nezvimedu zvemuviri wekumatenga.

Ichi chiitiko chakashamisa kwete vagari vemo chete. Kunetseka neNASA, European Space Agency. Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinofarira Czech Republic, Sweden, France, Britain, Canada, America yakazofarira chiitiko chacho. Gore rose rakapfuura, asi chokwadi pamusoro peKeababinsk meteorite inoramba ichivhiringidza vanhu uye masayendisiti pfungwa.

Kudzokorora nhoroondo yezviitiko

Mambakwedza echando akatanga sapamazuva ose. Vanhu vakaenda kunoshanda, vachiratidza vana muzvikoro uye chechiergergens, vadzidzi vakaenda kuchikoro.

Mumatenga pa9: 23 vagari veKeababinsk vakacherechedza kushamisa kunoshamisa uye marwadzi asina kujairika, zvose kubva ndege yejet. Mushure memaminitsi mashomanana munhu mumwe nomumwe akanzwa kudedera kwevhu, Chelyabinsk yose yakazara. Kuputika kwemeteorite kwakakonzera kushungurudza kunotyisa kwakatsvaira mumharaunda yemakiromita akawanda. Miti yakawira pasi, mahwindo akabuda kunze kwezvivako, kuiswa kwemichina kwakatanga, zinc plant yakaputsa rusvingo.

Guesses uye chokwadi

Zviratidzo zvechiitiko chacho zvakanga zvakasiyana, dzimwe nguva zvinoshamisa. Mumwe munhu akafunga kuti ivo vaiva zvombo zvevavengi, vamwe vaifunga kuti kuparara kwepane ndege, kwaive nevaya vaitenda mukurwisana kwenyika yevatorwa.

Ichokwadi, pasi pasi pedo neguta reKeababinsk, meteorite huru yakawa, yechipiri chikuru pakukura shure kweTunguska meteorite, yakawira muEastern Siberia munaJune 1908.

February 2013 - "muenzi wenguva" yakapinda mumhepo yepasi pano pane imwe nzvimbo yakaoma ye-20 °. Maererano nenyanzvi 'inofungidzira, panenge makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri maviri kusvika kumaodzanyemba meteorite yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu. Izvo zvakasakara zvakawira pasi nekukurumidza kukuru.

Zvisikwa zvinoonekwa zve "muenzi kubva panzvimbo"

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, kusanganisira nyanzvi dzeNASA, meteorite muKelyabinsk yaiva matani gumi uye anenge mamita 17 muhupamhi, yakapinda mumhepo yakasvibiswa nemhepo ine 18 km / h.

Kubhururuka kwemeteorite mushure mokupinda mumhepo yedu yakasara kwemaminitsi makumi mana. Kubvongodza muviri wekudenga wakatanga pakakwirira kwemakiromita makumi maviri. Kubva pakaputika, ine simba rema 470 kilotons (iyo inowanikwa ka30 pane imwe nguva apo bhomba reHiroshima rakaputirwa), zvidimbu zvakawanda nezvidimbu zvakaonekwa kuti zvakakurumidza kuputika kunyika dzeKeababinski. Chiedza chakajeka kubva pakuwa chakanga chichionekwa pamakiromita marefu. Akange aonekwa munzvimbo dzeKurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, kuKazakhstan uye kuBashkortostan. Nzvimbo yakakwirira pane iyo nzira dzekufamba kwemeteorite dzaioneka - nzvimbo yeSamara, iri 750 km kubva kuKeababinsk.

Migumisiro yekuwa meteorite

Mukuwa kwemeteorite muKearyabinsk kwakakonzera ruzhinji rwekutyisidzira. Mutaundi, miti yakawanda yakaparadzwa, zvivako zviuru zvitatu nezvivako zvakange zvakuvara. Mumhuri dzakawanda, kutyisidzika kwakasimudza girazi, kwekanguva nguva yekutaurirana yakarasika. Simba rakasimba rakawira padunhu reSatka. Ikoko kwakaparadzaniswa zvishoma zinc plant.

Vakawanda vakabvunza mubvunzo iwoyo, apo meteorite yakawira muChelyabinsk uye yakaipa sei. Dambudziko rakashamiswa muguta, mapoka ose eUnited States Emergency Situations akatumirwa kuchiitiko chechiitiko chacho. Kukurukurirana kwakabatwa nehuwandu hwevanhu, kutya kwakadzingwa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaedzwa kuti arambe achidzora.

Kuwedzera kune Chelyabinsk, zvivako zvakatevera zvenharaunda yacho zvakakanganiswa: Korkino, Emanzhelinsk, Yuzhnouralsk, Kopeysk uye Etkul.

Maererano nevasayendisiti, kana meteorite yakaputika 5-6 km nechezasi, migumisiro ingadai yakanyanya kusuruvara.

Fall Place

Chimwe nechimwe chekumatenga chinonyanya kufarira masayenzi. Kuti udzidze maitiro ezvakabva meteorite, makemikari ayo, zvaive zvakakosha kuwana zvidimbu nezvidimbu zvemuviri wekumatenga sezvinobvira. Kuti uite izvi, zvakanga zvakakosha kusimbisa nzvimbo chaiyo ye meteorite inowanikwa muChelyabinsk.

Zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvakakurumidza kuwanikwa munzvimbo yeKebarkul. Munharaunda yeZlatoust, chikamu chechitatu chikuru chakawanikwa. Asi yechina yaifanira kutarisa. Zvaitenda kuti akawira munzvimbo yeLake Chebarkul. Vemunharaunda, avo vakabata hove mangwanani, vakatsigira kuti kune dombo re cosmic, uye rakawira mugungwa iro pacharo. Vaona maziso vakati kubatwa kwakakonzera guru guru. Mvura yakasimuka mamita 3-4.

Sarudza zita

Pashure pokuwa kwemeteorite, zvinyorwa zviviri zvezita racho zvakarongedzwa: Chebarkulsky kana Chelyabinsk. Mukuda kwezita rekutanga, rakarongerwa kuti chikamu chikuru chakawira muLake Chebarkul pedyo nomusha weKebarkul. Zvisinei, vatsigiri vezita rokuti "Chelyabinsk" vakataura pamusoro pekuti chokwadi chemeteorite chakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kumatunhu emunharaunda. Sekugadzirisa, anofanira kugamuchira zita reKeababinsk.

Academician E. Galimov - mutungamiriri weVernadsky Institute of Geochemistry uye Analytical Chemistry - akazivisa kuti meteorite ichabatanidzwa muIndaneti yepasi rose pasi pezita rokuti "Chelyabinsk".

Kuunganidza zvikamu zvemeteorite

Mune nzvimbo dzekuwa, mazana ediki madengu akawanikwa. Mafambiro chaiwo akatumirwa kutsvaga. Makirogiramu matatu chete ematombo emvura akaunganidzwa pedyo neLake Chebarkul. Tsvakurudzo yakatora kwemwedzi mitanhatu. MunaAugust, zvakashumwa kuti mumwe mugari wemo akawana 3.5 kg chip pedyo nemusha weTimiryazevsky.

Asi chido chikuru chaimiririrwa nechidimbu chikuru chakawira mugungwa. Kurema kwacho kwaifungidzirwa ku 300-400 kg, yakapinda mukati mudenga rezasi. Kuchengeta iyo, hurumende dzenharaunda dzakagovera ruble 3 mamiriyoni.

A chunk guru munaAugust 2013 yakabudiswa kubva pasi pegungwa. Kurema kwayo kwakanga kuri 600 kg. Mushure mekutsvakurudza nemasayendisiti nekuita mutongo we radioactive uye makemikari kuchengeteka, chidimbu chemeteorite chakatamirwa kunzvimbo inochengetedza musango yekugara kwemahara.

Mineral composition

Mushure mechinguva vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura kuti meteorite yakawira sei muChelyabinsk. Chinhu chezvinhu zvose chinokonzera chondrite. Iine olivine, simbi, sulfites, magnetic pyrite uye dzimwe dzakaoma zvicherwa. Chelyabinsk meteorite ine maitiro eti titanic iron ore uye kuiswa kwemhangura yemhangura, iyo isina kujairika ye chondrites. Mapapiro emuviri azere ne-vitreous substance ine kusanganiswa kwesilicates. Uhu hwehutungunuka huri 1 mm.

Masayendisiti akaisa kuti nguva yemuviri waamai, kubva pane icho chikamu chakazobva chava chelyabinsk meteorite kupatsanurwa, inenge mabhiriyoni mana (!) Makore emakore. "Nheyo yedu" isati yasvika kuNyika kwechinguva yakafamba-famba kune imwe nzvimbo, ichikwirirana nemimwe miviri yezvisikwa ...

Zvinotyisa? Zvinotambudza ...

Masayendisiti pasi rose achiri kudzidza zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa nokushingaira. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinyanzvi dzakaratidza kuti ichi hachisi meteorite chete, asi chibvumirano che asteroid. Vamwe vakatotenda kuti guru guru rekudenga richauya nokukurumidza pasi pano, uye ipapo kuparadzwa kwaizove kwakaipa. Asi Anatoly Zaitsev, mutungamiriri weCentral for Planetary Earth Protection kubva kuAsteroids, akatsanangura kuti iyi inongova dzidziso. Uye akavimbisa kuti vagari venyika havakwanisi kutarisana nechinhu chipi zvacho, asi shure kwezvisikwa zvekumatenga, zvichibhururuka mberi, zvinonyatsotariswa.

Upenyu mushure mekuwa kwemeteorite

Meteorite yakawira muKeababinsk, yakakonzera kutarira kwevanhu vazhinji, yakakonzera kukakavara kwakanyanya uye kufungidzira. Kukurukurirana uye kutaura pamusoro pechiitiko hazvigumi kusvikira nhasi. Guta iri pedyo negungwa Chebarkul rakazozivikanwa kunyika yose. Masayendisiti akaenda ikoko: geochemists, physics, astronomers. Munhu wese aida kuona nemeso ake mutumwa kubva kumativi ekudenga.

Kuwa kwemeteorite muChelyabinsk kwave kwakabatsirika maererano nekushanyirwa. Muridzi webazi guru rekufambisa, Andrei Orlov, anotiudza kuti nguva pfupi mushure mechiitiko chacho, kudana kubva kuAmerica neJapan kwakatanga kusvika. Mumwe munhu aida kutarisa mumwe munhu, vazhinji vaida kugadzirisa rwendo rweboka kuenda kunzvimbo yekuwa kweMeteorite yakakurumbira.

Chikumbiro chinokonzera kukokwa, ndicho chikonzero mabhuku ose ekutungamira akawedzera kune nzvimbo dzinokosha dzeKeababinsk uye nzvimbo inonzi "Chebarkul Meteorite". Mutengo werwendo kuenda kuchigungwa chakanga chave chakazivikanwa chinokanganisa kubva ku 5,000 kusvika ku20,000 rubles.

Hapana kune tsvina isina chakanaka: pachikoro chepamutemo

Vatungamiriri veCheababinsk vachibatsirwa nechiitiko musi waFebruary 15, 2013 vakasarudza kupinda munhoroondo yeMitambo yeOlympic. Vakagadzira mishonga yakawanda yesimbi yakakosha neinowanikwa kubva mumamiriro emvura. Mupiro wakadaro uchapiwa kumarudzi ose emitambo uyo achatora mubairo mumakwikwi akaitwa musi waFebruary 15. Zvose zvinoramba zvisina kushandiswa kubva kune zviduku zvakawanikwa, zvinopararira kumusimusiyamusiya wekuRussia uye pamwe chete.

Zvimwe zvikuru zvikuru zvakaratidzwa zvakaunganidzwa uye zvinyorwa zvakafanana zvakagadzirirwa. Rwendo rwemasamuziyamu eRussian Federation ruchaitwa nemashoko aya. Munhu wose anogara munyika ino anofanira kuona chikamu chemeteorite. MuMoscow, kuratidzwa kwakaitika musi waJanuary 17, 2014. Zvinhu zvizhinji zvinowedzera kuunganidza kwekuzivikanwa kweMoscow planetarium. Kune chiitiko ichi, zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakamira uye mapepa zvakagadzirwa.

Kuberekwa kwezvigadzirwa

Apo vadzikinuri vakabvisa migumisiro yenjodzi iyo meteorite yakawira muChelyabinsk yakaita, vazhinji vezvemabhizimisi havana kupedza nguva uye vachishingaira kushandiswa kwekudenga kwechikonzero chekutengeserana. Andrei Orlov, Meya weChebarkul mharaunda yedunhu, akazviparadzanisa nemhinduro yakaisvonaka munzvimbo ino. Pano, neruoko rwake rworudyi, mutambo wakarongeka nokuda kwezita rinotonyanya kutengesa. Uyo anokunda akavimbiswa chikamu chemeteorite semubairo. Pasi pemazita anofadza akadai se "Chebarkul Meteor", "Urals Meteorite", "Chelyabinsk - Meteorite Meteor", "Meteorite muChelyabinsk" uye "Che!", Zvigadzirwa zveC confectionery nemweya zvakatanga kubudiswa.

Roora dare apo inopisa

Makambani akasiyana-siyana akatanga kutora zvipfeko nekodhi zvakakodzera, makate, mahwendefa uye kunyange puzzles. Kutanga pakati pevagari vemo, uye zvino vagari vese veRussia, vakazova T-shirts yakakurumbira nemashoko ekunyora: "Hapana chinhu chinokurudzira semangwanani meteorite!" Zvakakosha kuziva pfungwa yepakutanga yekambani yezvinonhuwira zveKeababinsk. Akasarudza kugadzira midzimu isina kujairika inonzi "Chebarkul Meteorite". Vafumisi vanotaura kuti kunhuhwirira kwe "chinhu chinonzi cosmic" chinosanganisira zvikamu zvematombo nesimbi.

Vagari venguva dzose yeUrals vakaratidzawo mweya wekudzidzira maitiro. Basa rake rakaitwa nemhepo inonzi Chelyabinsk. Mifananidzo yake yakamhanya nemhepo huru paInternet. Zviuru zvekukumbira kweminiti zvakaratidza kuti vangani variko vanoda kuona nzvimbo yekuwa uye chinhu chekudenga chairo. Mumwe mudzidzisi anogara muguta reUrials akatengesa hove yewa microwave pamusika weInternet, uyo wakapiswa nekutinhira. Ndakatenga chinhu ichi chisinganzwisisiki neAmerica asingazivikanwi, asi ndakakumbirwa kutumira mapepanhau maviri emunharaunda nemashoko nezvemeteorite inowira Chelyabinsk. Vamwe vakaratidza zvidimbu zvegirasi, iyo yakabva kune kuputika panguva yekuwa. Uye zvinhu izvi zvose zvakagumburwa nevatorwa vasingazivikanwi. Kunyanya zvidimbu zvidimbu zvemeteorite pachayo. Mutengo wakaderera wekacheka wakatanga kubva kumabhuru zviuru gumi, iyo yakakwirira kupfuura 10 000 000 rubles. Mapurisa akatarisana nemararamiro ezvakaipa, avo vakapa matombo anozivikanwa echinhu chekudenga.

"Kuporesa" zvinhu zvemeteorite

Vagari vauya kugungwa nemazana uye vakarota zvekutsvaga kwete chete ibwe rinodhura, asiwo "kuporesa" imwe. Vanyengeri - magenzi nevaroyi - nekubatsirwa kwezvidimbu zvakadai zvakabviswa kubva pakupambwa uye kubatwa kubva kune zvirwere zvinotyisa, kudzingwa mweya yakaipa. Kufunga nhoroondo dzose uye nhema pamusoro pesimba re "muenzi wenguva" pane mumwe munhu, zvichienderana nechiratidzo chezodhiac. Uye ndezvipi zvinyengeri zvine chidimbu chemuviri uyu zvatozopararira munyika yose! Iyo meteorite yainzi kunongobva kumashiripiti, kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo haina simba rokuporesa.

Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro pokuwa kweChelyabinsk meteorite

MuKeababinsk, meteorite yakawa, iyo yakaita ruzha rukuru munyika yose. Masayendisiti akakwanisa zvakare kudzidza muviri wekudenga, uye mumwe munhu akangoita mari yakanaka pachiitiko ichi. Zvakakosha kuziva uye dzimwe nguva dzinofadza uye chokwadi nezve Chelyabinsk meteorite:

• Chikamu chikuru chemeteorite chakawira pasi peLake Chebarkul.
• EMERCOM weRussia akataura kuti yakatsanangurira vagari venyika nezvechiitiko chiri kuuya pamusoro peSMS, asi yakabva yava nhema.
• Migwagwa yakawanda yeTV haina kuratidza chikamu kubva pakuwa kwemeteorite, asi gorosi yegesi muTurkmenistan.
• Vakawanda vagari veKeababinsk vakaparadza nemaune mahwindo avo, vachitevedzera migumisiro yekubhururuka. Vaida kuwana mahwindo epurasitiki kubva muhurumende semubatsiro wezvinhu kune avo vakaurayiwa.
• Iyo yakaenzana yeyo funnel kubva pakuwa kwemeteorite yaiva mamita matanhatu.
• 470 kilotons emvura yakabudiswa panguva yekuputika kwemuviri wekumatenga.
• Masayendisiti akacherechedza kuti meteorite yakadaro inowira pasi pano kamwe mumakore zana.
• Zvinotendwa kuti meteorite yakange isingaoneki nokuti yakabva kune zuva. Ndicho chikonzero teresikopu haina kugadzirisa kuswedera kwekudenga.