Marudzi simba; nzira dzekuziva uye typology

Power - ndiko kugona boka kana mumwe munhu kuti kupesvedzera mabasa nevamwe vanhu. Musimboti simba - enyika kutonga pamusoro boka revanhu, dzimwe nguva kunyange zvavo kuda uye nemishonga. Power ndiro akabatana pakavakirwa hunenge upenyu ehurumende. It unoitisa muchimiro inoshanda, kutsigira mamiriro, mumwe akanyatsorongwa munzanga ukama, anoshumira chezvinonhuwira chero vanhu chokuedza.

Power inogona kwakavakirwa kutya kana kumanikidza, mutemo, remuneration, chiero, zvinofungwa nyanzvi.

Zvinoitwa unhu boka rinonzi, kana munhu mumwe chete, kuchikosha kukanganisa mabasa, kushanda, manzwiro, maitiro evamwe vanhu.

Power uye simba vari nhumbi achishandisa iyo boka (kana munhu) Vatungamiriri kuronga mabasa kugadzirisa matambudziko. Power - inodiwa chezvinonhuwira chero sangano.

Pane zvakasiyana siyana simba uye simba, hwakasimbiswa kosi chenhau kukura. Political masayendisiti uye evanhu vane nzira dzakasiyana kuti kupatsanura yavo.

Ndizvo, pakutanga kwezvose, kunoenderana tsanangudzo kweshoko 'simba', anoumba hwaro typology. Chokwadi chokuti vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodavira simba rizere, mumwe runoonekwa somumwe siyana ayo. Saka, vanotsvakurudza ruzivo, vakaomerwa simba chete chimiro ukama, rega kufunga kudzorwa kugadzirwa, zvinhu. Avo vanotenda kuti hurumende - kwechirwere ichi, kuiswa mumapoka chimiro kwemarudzi ake. Kubva chinzvimbo ichi ndiyo inotevera siyana simba:

• coercive, kwakavakirwa kutya;
• yakavakirwa incentives kana mibayiro;
• pamutemo;
• bhuku;
• nyanzvi.

Dispositional conceptualization kazhinji oga siyana simba kana simba yakavakirwa nemano. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kuongorora P. Morris. Pasinei anoshandisa izwi rokuti "pfungwa simba", pane chimiro, raishanda oga nayo somunhu mukuru kana munhu yakananga unyanzvi.

Chechipiri, mufananidzo wechinhu hurumende dzinoiswa munzira dzakasiyana, nekuti zvinotora sepokutangira zvakasiyana zvinodiwa. Zvinonzi kuonekwa inonyanya kufarirwa kupatsanura kwakavakirwa kunobva kana kuzviisa pasi.

Chechitatu, mufananidzo wechinhu hurumende iri kazhinji yakakamurwa pamusoro kutsanangurwa chikumbiro chacho. nzvimbo iyi zvinoita chokubvisa simba mumhuri, kubasa, zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, informational, uye zvichingodaro.

Kubva nemaonero mamiriro, simba rezvematongerwo enyika riri kuonekwa kukosha, nokuti azara masangano ose, basa kwevanhu ane mwoyo evanhu pabonde. Political simba - iri munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa nherera, sangano uye zvakarurama mhando.

All mhando simba rezvematongerwo enyika, mamiriro ayo, mashandiro, kudzidza sainzi enyika kana sayenzi enyika.

simba Political wakananga:

• zvinonzi vakasikwa Nekugovera mamwe kodzero uye masimba chaiwo;

• nguva dzose kunoda runoita kuti vabudirire zvinangwa;

• kunoda kuisa kodzero zvinotarisirwa vanhu munzvimbo politvlasti, kuburikidza icho rakatangwa.

Havasi enyika zvose vanoomerera maitiro akadaro. Zvimwe zvinodiwa secrete politvlasti:

• Kugona uye kuda kuratidza enyika kuda;

• matambudziko enyika vatambi vari paumbwe pamutemo munda, kwerunyararo mutemo;

• pokugadzwa kutonga munzanga.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti enyika siyana nenzira dzakasiyana muchifunga zvinhu zvinodiwa, vakawanda vavo vari aibvumirana pakusarudza wawo.

Kune mamwe marudzi simba (political)

• kutonga kana pasi vazhinji kiyi vatambi munharaunda zviremera.

• Management kunosanganisira kugadzirwa zvirongwa, zvinangwa uye zvebasa mumagariro kukura.

• Sangano zvinoonekwa kwawakananga uye kuona matambudziko simba pamusoro nhengo dzose veruzhinji mamiriro ezvinhu, anoramba kuti kuzadziswa yakatarwa pfungwa.

• Control.