Einstein kwaiita dzidziso relativity, uye tsvakurudzo itsva panyaya iyi

Kuwanikwa dzidziso relativity pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore aiva zvinokosha budiriro kudzidza mumuviri mananara chokuita nokudzidza kumhanya chiedza uye nzvimbo-nguva zviitiko. To musi, zvinozivikanwa kuti dzidziso relativity, Einstein harisi chete pakarepo budiriro iyi kupenya yefizikisi, asi rinounza pamwechete anoverengeka Zvakawanikwa pachinhu ichi, dzakawanda yefizikisi, paunogona sarudza Laurence uye Poincaré. The inozivikanwa yeAustria yefizikisi chete akakwanisa kudhonza pamwe zvakasiyana zvinhu mukuronga mukuru uchapupu, waiva pakutanga neitsva yokusvika adzidze nyika nzvimbo.

Saka Einstein kwaiita dzidziso relativity, unonakidza zvakaoma, uye kana isu kutaura zvakawanda nyore, ndiko chaiko dzidziso iyo inokurukura spatio-epanyama ehupfumi pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuitika zvose panyika uye muchadenga. Sezvo azvaiitwa kuvimba zvakananga zvinhu zvakadai kukomba munda uye kumhanya kufamba muviri chinhu, pamusoro uye zvino rinobvumira here kudana iyi relativity. Zvichienderana pfungwa mashoko tinoona akasiyana zvachose nguva mamiriro, izvo zvinogona kufamba kubva anyatsoita mumwe mushumo kana kumhanya chiedza. At moyo miviri mikuru zvaanopa Einstein pfungwa: ari kugara pakati kumhanya chiedza mune Vacuum, uye wakaenzana zvose inertial hurongwa mushumo. axioms maviri awa hwaro zvokuimba ari kuchinja kubva inertial anyatsoita mumwe - inonzi munyonga pamusoro Lorentz transformations, iyo yakavambwa uye Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity.

Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura, masayendisiti ano vanoita zvakawanda zvakawanwa kuti zvichaita kuputsa yakakurumbira pfungwa, zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza uchapupu kwayo falsity. Makore mashomanana apfuura, rimwe boka remasayendisiti Australian, rinotungamirirwa John. Wobbe, kudzidza kwakabva chiedza kubva mapoka enyeredzi mugadziriro yedu yokutenderera zuva iri kure kwazvo, akasvika pamhedziso kuti Arifa-nhamba hakusi kugara rusingaperi, sezvazvakanyorwa zvichiri ngarira nesayenzi yemazuva ano. Zvachinja, ukoshi hwayo dzingasiyana zvichienderana pfungwa iri nzvimbo iyo voitakura kunze kukarukureta. Paaiva pasi dzesayenzi sandara, ichi hachina vaudzewo, asi kana dzidziso iyi kunosimbiswa, Einstein kwakaita dzidziso relativity iri kusvika vayambuka. Uyezve, somugumisiro achangobva kupfuura uye akaisa mberi shanduro kuti kumhanya chiedza kunogonawo kuva zvakasiyana, zvarwo, ringadai pangozi dzinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero wefizikisi ano.

Nhasi, masayendisiti vasvika pedyo uchapupu chokuvapo dzakafanana nyika, apo tambo dzidziso zvakasikwa anotanga kuunganidza zvakawanda uchapupu nyasha kwayo. Uye ichi ndicho zvachose kunokukura munda dzokudzidza ndiro vazhinji zvakavandika kuti vanofanira kugadzirisa ano vanhu vachiri. Pashure pezvose, zvose runoyerera, zvose kuchinja. Munzvimbo imwe zvakawanwa kuuya dzimwe, rakanyatsorurama uye zvakarurama. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, mumwe echimurenga budiriro iri wefizikisi panguva iyoyo akaita inokosha dzidziso relativity pamusoro Einstein, uyo akagamuchira Nobel Prize nokuti, uye vakazivikanwa pasi. Pari Zvisinei, mune chiedza achangobva kupfuura, zvitsva mano mune zvokuongorora nyeredzi, nyika, izvo Bole anogona kudoma mamwe mananara zvichiitika muchadenga, zvokuti tsaru dzidziso inotsiviwa vatsva.

Saka, vakawanda dzidziso relativity, Einstein achiri pose kuzivikanwa, asi masayendisiti akawanda mumunda inofambirana nyika kare kuedza kwete tichivimba postulates ayo. Ndiani anoziva, pamwe tichava kupupurira kuberekwa dzinonakidza zvikuru uye kwakarurama dzidziso nesungano pakati nzvimbo uye nguva kuburikidza prism pakati kumhanya chiedza uye pfungwa mushumo.