Edvard Dzhenner: Biography, mapikicha uye zvaachakwanisa kuita

Chibhokisi - mumwe mukuru uye zvirwere kwati. Vanhu vanova utachiona ane chirwere, akafa. Kuwanda vanobatwa hautorwi zviuru, uye zvasvika mamiriyoni. The chirwere kwazvo, murwere anorwara nefivha, muviri wake akanga akafukidzwa chinoda kugadziriswa Maronda akasiyana. Vaya vaiva rombo rakanaka kuti vararame, haana nyore: vazhinji havachatombozivi, mavanga akafukidza muviri. Physician Edvard Dzhenner aiva murume akaponesa nyika kubva chirwere ichi. Akatanga kupa mushonga.

Edvard Dzhenner. kwakarongwa vitae

iye In May 1749 muna UK, mutaundi Berkeley, muprista anonziwo Jenner akaberekwa 3 vana, akapiwa zita Edward. Chido kutevera tsoka dzake yababa uye kuva muprista mukomana akanga asina. Naizvozvo, makore 12 okuberekwa, akatanga kudzidza mushonga, akadzidza ari chiremba.

Pashure nguva akatanga kudzidza anatomi dzevanhu, uye akatanga kuita muchipatara.

Muna 1770, rimwe jaya akatamira kuLondon, apo akakwanisa kupedza kuchipatara dhigirii. Akashanda achitungamirirwa yakakurumbira chiremba uye anatomist, vaimubatsira kuti mukudzidzire vose subtleties ose sowakajeka kuvhiyiwa. Mukomana anofarira kwete chete mukurapa, asi sainzi, naturalistika.

Edvard Dzhenner muna 1792 akapiwa zvokurapa dhigirii, zvaakanga ravakatora St. Andrew University.

Pazera remakore 32, akanga atova nomukurumbira munhu anokwanisa chiremba. Kubudirira kwake mukuru anonzi kuva nokugadzirwa pamusoro mushonga kuti pave kutapata nechibhokisi.

Izvi hazvirevi kuti iye tega pacharo nhomba, sezvo kuita majekiseni okudzivirira chibhokisi kubva kurwara munhu akanga utano pamberi. The nzira akanzi "variolation", chakaitirwa haana kubudirira nguva dzose: vanhu vanowanzotorwa arwara pashure pamusoro inoculation. Edward pachake nhomba sezvo mwana uyu nenzira uye refu nokutambura.

Anomutswa ake kufarira kushanda mirayiridzo iyi chinyakare nezvinodavirwa nevanhu vasina kudzidza kuti kana vachirwara cowpox, chirwere chinobata vanhu havachafaniri kutyisa.

He experimentally, kwakavakirwa kunzwisisa kwake kwakaratidza kuti vanhuwo zvavo havana kukanganisa. Basa nokumupedza, chose zvose nguva yake kutsvakurudza.

Muna 1796, Edvard Dzhenner, mufananidzo zviri munyaya ino yave vakaroverera mukomana makore masere ane pfuma kuti inotorwa kubva cowpox pustule.

Kuedza rakabudirira, musayendisiti akaramba mabasa ake.

Muna 1823, musayendisiti haana.

pose pamutemo

kwazvo musayendisiti kudzidza migumisiro kuedza dzavo uye gare gare akapa navo bhurocha, yakabudiswa muna 1798. Pashure nguva zvakanyorwa mumwe 5 mapepa pamusoro nyaya kubaya. Chinangwa musayendisiti aiva kuparadzira zivo pamusoro majekiseni anodzivirira uye kurovedza kwayo michina.

The chikonzero chikuru chiremba-masayendisiti akawana kuzivikanwa pasi pose. Akava munhu honorary nhengo dzakawanda dzesayenzi munzanga muEurope.

Muna 1840 variolation rakarambidzwa UK. Muna 1853, kuti mushonga kushandisa vaccinia vakava Vanosungirwa maitirwe ezvinhu zvose.

honorary hofisi

Muna 1803 zvakanzi nheyo Institute of chibhokisi majekiseni, rinonziwo Dzhennerovsky Institute uye Royal Society Dzhennerovskoe. Nokuti mabasa ake nyika Edvard Dzhenner akagadzwa wechikafu sangano rokutanga. chinzvimbo ichi kwave vakatevera upenyu.

Muna 1806 musayendisiti mubayiro wokuva kubva kuhurumende - zviuru 10 pounds, muna 1808 imwe, izvo mari ikasvika madhirakema zviuru 20.

Muna 1813, Jenner akanga paakavapa mwero Dhokotera Medicine, yakanga Oxford. The musayendisiti yave ainzi ane honorary mugari London, akanga paakavapa chitupa, akashongedzwa mangoda.

Russian Empress Maria Feodorovna, panguva ndokunanga ari Office Empress Maria, uyo aiva vaichengetedza vose yesayenzi uye mishonga uye kurapwa masangano, Jenner tsamba rorutendo uye mhete anokosha.

In kukudzwa musayendisiti mukuru nguva menduru chikarohwa, mashoko "Jenner" raiva pairi.

Musimboti kuedza musayendisiti

Edward Entoni Dzhenner akazeza refu nguva vasati kuita kuidzwa dzidziso yake. Statement wambomiswa ruzivo asingagoni somwana vachirwara chibhokisi pashure kufoira pamusoro inoculation.

Masayendisiti vanogara uchinetswa nechokwadi kuti kana ane chivimbo zvakakwana mune dzidziso yake pangozi upenyu munhu.

Kana murimi Nelms ndabatwa cowpox, ipapo iye yakatanga Maronda akasiyana paganda maoko. Jenner akatora mukana uye akapa zviri chimwe chinu kwemakore masere James Phipps. Akanga mukana mukuru, nokuti mukomana akanga vachirwara cowpox, zvakanga kukwana. Kuzosimbisa dzidziso, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvakare kukanganisa chibhokisi kwayo.

Edward aiziva kuti kana mukomana akafa, upenyu hwake, zvakare, kwete.

Pashure mwana akapora kubva mhou, musayendisiti akasuma kwaari chibhokisi kwevanhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvose pamaoko murwere vakaitwa cheka uye nokungwarira akazora nyaya chepfu, pakanga pasina mhinduro. Izvi zvaireva kuti kuedza aiva ubudirire: Tinotenda Jenner Phipps akava masoja nechibhokisi, inova rimwe yakaipisisa zvirwere. Kunyange zvazvo somwana haana kuziva kukomba ezvinhu uye basa.

Scientist chaizvo kwazvo James, aimuda somwanakomana. Pazuva rechi20 gore racho mashoko pamusoro kuedza, masayendisiti akapa Phipps imba ine bindu, chakasimwa vazhinji maruva.

Nezvekwakabva zita "kubaya"

Vaccination isingachinji musayendisiti, kubaya kwave ainzi se "Vacca" rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatin rinoreva "mhou". Izwi iri zvakasimba kupinda muupenyu, kuti nhasi chero kubaya riri kuitwa kuzvidzivirira nechiyero, akadana shoko. Sezvairi, anoshandura se "korovizatsiya," asi izvozvo hazvirevi kuti mushonga aigadzirira nokushandisa antibodies zvikuru mhuka iyi. Kana chimbwamupengo Somuenzaniso, chinoitwa kubva utachiona netsuro uropi. Zvino kana typhus - kubva pulmonary zvinyama kuti mbeva.

Vashori Jenner

Pasinei zvose ukuru hwomukova, zvakanga chete kutanga yeminzwa nzira. Masayendisiti kuuya kutambura kusanzwisisa, kutambudzwa. Kunyange masayendisiti vakararama havana kunzwisisa iye, uye vakatendeukira kuna musayendisiti aine chikumbiro kusamborega mukurumbira wake zvesayenzi. Kunyange paaiva pakutanga, kazhinji yakadyidzana navo pfungwa dzake, sezvo akanga ari kudzifarira munhu. Asi hapana yakagovana zvaanofarira.

bhuku rake, umo wawakaratidzwa migumisiro zvidzidzo mumakore 25 makore ake upenyu Jenner, akabudisa mari yazvo.

Edvard Dzhenner uye vateveri vake havana pakarepo kunge zvakanaka, pashure akabudisa bhuku rake, aifanira kutsungirira zvakawanda paanokutsvinyira mu kero yake. The chikuru nharo pamusoro vavengi kubaya yave kuti nzira zvinopesana kwaMwari. Mapepanhau yakabudisa cartoons, umo vanhu vanenge vave nhomba, akakura nyanga uye mbava.

Asi chirwere akanga mberi, uye kuwedzera nhamba yevanhu kuenda kuedza nzira Jenner vazvidzivirire kubva.

Mukupera remakore rechi18, majekiseni raishandiswa Chirungu romugungwa nehondo.

Napoleon Bonaparte akarayira kubaya vose varwi French mauto. In Sisiri apo paakasvika ane mushonga, vanhu yakanga aifara kuponeswa kubva chirwere, izvo akaronga nomudungwe.

dziviriro nzira. chiremba Chirungu Edvard Dzhenner

Chibhokisi - mumwe zvirwere zvaisanganisira muboka ane ngozi. Pamwe chete pane tsvuku fivha, denda, korera. Hutachiwana uhu pachishandiswa kuenda neherikoputa mumate, kuburikidza zvinhu. Iye chinopinda ari epithelium nokuda ichi, matema vari yakaumbwa paganda. Simba rokuzvidzivirira murwere ipfupi, saka anotanga chinoda kugadziriswa matema kuti dzikava maronda. Kana murwere unopona, zvichava pamusoro nzvimbo nemaronda mavanga.

Edvard Dzhenner - muvambi chibhokisi majekiseni, uyo akaita kuti zvibvire kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kutyisidzira kurwara. Nemhaka basa musayendisiti Chibhokisi aiva chirwere rokutanga kuti akakwanisa kukunda tichibatsirwa kubaya.

1977 Year yakatanga kune wokupedzisira nyaya chibhokisi chirwere. WHO vakazivisa kukunda chirwere pasi pose muna May 1980. Kusvika panguva chibhokisi utachiona kwaingova ari zvakanaka kurindwa mumarabhoritari.

The chibhokisi utachiwana runochengetedzwa kubva nemagandanga. Kudai akanga kubiwa, migumisiro vaizova kunoparadza, nekuti haimuoni kufukidza mugumisiro inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye majekiseni kwenguva refu haina kuitwa nguva.

chiremba Monument

Chibhokisi akafa 1/6 zvose nguva kana akasvika vana vaduku, mwero wokufa kwevanhu wakanga 1/3. Saka, nemhaka musayendisiti aiva usingatsananguriki.

Edvard Dzhenner, vane Biography zvevakomana, anozivikanwa nevakawanda, runoonekwa baba immunology. In rukudzo kwaari muna Kensington Gardens iri picturesque panzvimbo yainzi "Italian Gardens", ndiyo shongwe. It akarererwa 1862. Hwendefa, iro rinotaura pamusoro zvemashoko musayendisiti kwave norusvingo kupinda pakarongwa namabwe muna 1996.

Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kukosha kuwanikwa musayendisiti. Maererano nenyanzvi, murume uyu akaponesa upenyu zhinji saka hapana mumwe.

Zita musayendisiti anonzi mumigwagwa, madhipatimendi muzvipatara, nemisha. Mumba apo kushandiswa kubasa, miziyamu yakazaruka.

Masayendisiti ari kushanda pane imwe shongwe William Calder Marshall. Pakutanga, akanga ari Trafalgar Square, asi makore mana gare gare nayo vakatamira paki nokuda okutsutsumwa vanhu vaipikisa majekiseni.

Parizvino, zuva vanachiremba uye masayendisiti chirongwa, riri kuedza kudzorera shongwe pamusoro pachivara. Maererano nenyanzvi, vanhu vari ndichirairira pamusoro majekiseni, anongoti handizivi zvose kutya zvirwere zvakadai chibhokisi.

upenyu Personal

Scientist akaroora muna 1788, akatenga munda mu Berkeley. Mudzimai wake akanga ari utano murombo, saka mhuri aipedza chirimo muna Cheltenham Spa. Chiremba akanga yakawanda uchidzidzira. Akanga 3 vana.

Zvimwe Zvakawanikwa musayendisiti

Most hwake musayendisiti kuna kukura ane mushonga pamusoro chibhokisi. Pasinei neizvi, naiyewo akanga nguva kugadzirisa zvimwe zvirwere. Iye ndohwaJehovha zvakawanikwa kuti angina - chirwere kunokanganisa coronary arteries. Of coronary tsinga kunoenderana ropa wedzerai mwoyo tsandanyama.