Inotungamirwa, Nyaya
Persian danidziro Peter 1 (1722-1723). Russian-Persian hondo
Persian danidziro 1722-1723 gg. Yakaitika kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva chikamu Caucasus uye Dagestan. chinangwa chayo kudzorera nevezvokutengeserana kubva kuIndia uye Central Asia kuna Europe.
prerequisites
Peter akateerera zvikuru kuti upfumi uye kutengeserana. Muna 1716, iye akatuma yokuzviparadzanisa Bekovich-Cherkassky muna Bukhara uye Khiva inotumirwa kweGungwa reCaspian. Panguva rwendo zvakanga zvakakodzera kudzidza nzira India, kuongorora deposits nendarama dzapasi kunosvika of Amu DARYA. Uyezve, basa racho rakanga kunyengetedza ishe pamusoro Bukhara kuti ushamwari, uye Khan pamusoro Khiva kuti chizvarwa Russia. Asi chokutanga rwendo yakanga zvachose inoparadza. Khivan Khan akanyengetedza Bekovich-Cherkasskiy ngavapwe yokuzviparadzanisa, ipapo ikawira nomumwe mapoka, vakavaparadza. Persian danidziro Petro 1, akanga nokuda mashoko inopiwa vamiririri vaIsraeri yeWatchtower kubva Syunik Melik. Mariri vakakumbira kuti Russian chamber rubatsiro. Peter akavimbisa kushandura rutsigiro panopera hondo pamwe Sweden.
Mamiriro pamahombekombe
History of Persia, mangwanani rechi18 aizivikanwa yakawedzera basa iri Eastern eCaucasus. Somugumisiro, pasi rose mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munharaunda Dagestan. Zvikepe Persian raitungamirwa kweGungwa reCaspian. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugumisa gakava vatongi vemo. In Dagestan yakaitika musazonetsanazve chisimba. Zvishoma nezvishoma akava zvaisanganisira, uye Turkey. Zviitiko zvose izvi zvakandivhundusa Russia. Hurumende akatungamirira kutengeserana kuburikidza Dagestan East. Nokuda basa wePezhiya yose nzira vakatosikwa kubviswa. vatengesi Russian akatambura zvikuru kurasikirwa. Zvose kuti kunaka zvinhu zvinoratidzwa mamiriro muchivigiro.
The pakarepo chikonzero
Achikunda achangobva kudzidza kubva kuNorthern War, Russia atanga kugadzirira kutumira mauto kuna eCaucasus. The rakananga chikonzero chaiva kupambwa uye kurova vatengesi Russian muna Shamakhi. The murongi kurwiswa vakava Lezghian muridzi Daoud Bey. August 7, 1721 Mhomho zvombo akaparadza Gostiny Dvor kuzvitoro Russian, kurohwa uye vakapararira vanamabharani. Lezgins uye Kumyks vakapamba zvinhu zvaikosha vanenge hafu yemiriyoni rubles.
kudzidza
Russian Emperor akaziva kuti Shah Tahmasp II vakakundwa veAfghan ravo guru. In mamiriro mhirizhonga rakatanga. Paiva ngozi kuti vokuTurkey, kushandisa zvinhu, wokutanga kurwisa uye ngavauye pamberi Russian muGungwa reCaspian. Kumbomira Persian danidziro raiva nengozi zvikuru. Kugadzirira akatanga muchando. Mune Volga muguta Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver akatanga kukurumidza kuvakwa ngarava. Muna 1714-1715 gg. Bekovich-Cherkasskii vakanyora mamiriro ayo okumabvazuva uye kuchamhembe reCaspian kumiganhu. Muna 1718-M Rondedzero akaitawo Urusov uye Kozhin, uye muna 1719-1720. - Verdun uye Soimonov. Saka tikwanise map kweGungwa reCaspian zvakatorwa.
zvirongwa
chirongwa Persian Petro 1 aifanira kutanga kubva Astrakhan. Akaronga kuenda mhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian. Pano zvinofanirwa akakunda guta Derbent uye Baku. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga aronga kuenda kurwizi. Sheche, kuti agogadzikapo nhare. Ipapo nzira akaenda Tiflis kubatsira Georgians mu hondo kuzorwa hweOttoman Empire. Kubva ipapo Flotilla akanga kusvika muna Russia. In zvinoitirwawo yatanga ruvengo akanga atsvaka pamwe Vakhtang VI (Mambo Kartli) uye pamwe Astvatsatur I (Armenian Catholicos). Astrakhan uye Kazan akava nzvimbo nokudzidziswa uye rutsigiro sangano. Pakati 80 munda muromo wakasikwa 20 battalions. nhamba yavo zvachose aiva 22 zviuru. People. 196 atirari zvidimbu. Paaienda Astrakhan Peter akabvuma kutsigira Kalmyk Khan Ayuka. Somugumisiro yacho yokuzviparadzanisa vakabatana Kalmyk vamabhiza, rinosvika 7 zviuru. People. June 15, 1722 mambo pavakasvika Astrakhan. Pano akasarudza kutumira 22,000 Marines pamusoro pegungwa, uye nomwe of the dragoon regiments (9 zviuru vanhu ..) - nepanyika kubva Tsaritsyn. The wokupedzisira murayiro Major General Kropotov. On nyika sezvo Don uye Ukrainian Cossacks vakatumwa. Uyezve, akaripira raiva 3000 Tatars. In Kazan Admiralty ngarava dzakavakwa (zvachose 200) nokuti 6 fung. Vafambisi vengarava.
Manifesto kune Vanhu Caucasus uye Persia
Rakabudiswa 15 (26) kuti July. Munyori shoko raiva Dimitrie Cantemir, uyo aitarisira muhofisi mumusasa. Muchinda uyu akagarwa Oriental mitauro, izvo akwanise kuita basa rinokosha mushandirapamwe. Cantemir yakabereka inlaid manyorero Arabic, akasika rinokosha aidhinda. The Manifesto rakashandurirwa mumutauro Persian, wechiTatar uye wokuTurkey.
Danho rokutanga
chirongwa Persian akatanga kubva Moscow. Kuti mhanyisa mberi penzizi variables vakwasvi dzakagadzirira munzira. Pakazopera May, Peter akasvika Nizhny Novgorod, June 2 - muna Kazan, 9 - muna Simbirsk, 10 - kuna Samara, 13 - mu Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - kuna Astrakhan. 2,06 kubva Nizhny Novgorod akasiya dare nemabara acho uye masoja. Vakaendawo Astrakhan. Zvikepe zvaiva shanu misara mumwe pashure pomumwe. July 18, zvikepe zvose mugungwa. Chief akaiswa Count Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. July Zvikepe 20 akapinda kweGungwa reCaspian. Munguva vhiki, Fedor Matveevich Apraksin Court akatevedzerawo kumadokero pamhenderekedzo. Pakazosvika August muchiuto mauto Kabardian. Vakanga akarayira Knyaz Aslan-Bek Murza uye Cherkassy.
Endirey
July 27, 1722 pakava kumhara mu Agrakhan Gulf. mambo Russian kokutanga yakatowedzera kwokunge Dagestan. Pazuva iroro, Petro akatuma yokuzviparadzanisa inotungamirwa vakamborwa kuti vandotora Endireya. Zvisinei, munzira kuenda kugarwa pakati rokumupata akashoropodzwa Kumyks. Highlanders vakanga akavanda matombo uye musango. Vakakwanisa kuita basa 2 nemapurisa nemasoja 80. Zvisinei, kuti kukupfura nokukurumidza regrouped akaenda pamusoro inogumbura. Muvengi vakakundwa, uye Erdirey akapisa. The yasara severokumykskie vatongi vakaratidza dzavo nokugadzirira zvizere kushumira Russian. August 13 mauto akapinda Tarki. Pano, Peter akasangana nokukudzwa. Shamhal Aldy Giray akapa Russian chamber nechireyi, mauto vakagamuchira waini, zvokudya zvevanhu nezvemhuka. Papera nguva, mauto vakapinda Utamyshskoe yavo, iyo yaiva kure Derbent. Ikoko vakarwiswa 10000th yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro Sultan Mahmud. Zvisinei, Russian akakwanisa kuwana hondo akatiza somugumisiro pfupi kurwisana. The musha chakatsva.
Derbent
The Russian chevaux chaiva akavimbika vaya vakabvuma yokuupa, uye vakaoma zvikuru kudzivisa. nokukurumidza nhau iyi rakapararira County. Panyaya iyi, Derbent kuzvidzivirira vasina. August 23 mubati vagari vakawanda vakakurumbira akasangana Russian kure neguta. All akapfugama avo, vakatakura Peter kiyi sirivha kugedhi. Russian chevaux akatora gavhuna nemutsa uye vakavimbisa haana kutumira mauto muguta. Zvisinei, noushamwari ndizvo kure vose, uye runonyanya Shia. Vakagara yeropafadzo chinzvimbo, sezvo vaiva ikure ari Safavid utongi. By August 30 Russian akasvika muruwa. Rubas akandoisa nhare yepakarepo pedyo nharaunda inogarwa Tabasarans. Pasi pesimba Peter vaiva misha yakawanda. Kwamazuva mashoma munharaunda yose, riri pakati penzizi uye Belbele Yalama, uyewo yakatamira pasi Russian.
Zvingaitwa zviremera zvemo
Feudal madzishe muna Dagestan akasiyana mafungiro kuti chitarisiko Russian. Haji Davud ave achishingaira kugadzirira mupomerwi. vatsigiri vake Ahmed III uye Surkhay akaedza kugara pachavo nzvimbo dzavo, kumirira. Haji Davud Ainyatsoziva kuti oga pamusoro mhomho havazokwanisi. Panyaya iyi, aitarisira kuti Ahmed III uye Surkhay kubatsira, panguva iyoyowo kuedza kuvandudza ukama huru Vakwikwidzi yeRussian chamber - vokuTurkey.
Pokupedza wokutanga kutotanga
chirongwa Persian pfungwa kubatana kwete chete muna Dagestan, asiwo zvinenge yose Transcaucasia. Uto Russian akatanga kugadzirira kukwidziridzwa kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Kutaura zvazviri, chikamu revashanyi wokutanga waiva pamusoro. Ramba nzira wakavarambidza madutu mugungwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zviomere kuendesa zvokudya. mambo Russian akasiya boka revarwi pasi Colonel Juncker muna Derbent, uye akaenda Russia netsoka. Munzira kubva kurwizi. Sulak ndokuisa nhare. Holy. Muyambuke nokuda kwokudzivirira kumuganhu. Saka, Peter nehondo yake akaenda pamusoro pemvura iri Astrakhan. Pashure kwake, murayiro revarwi kuCaucasus akachinjirwa Major General Matiushkin.
Rasht
By kuwa 1722 rokutanga enyika Gilan mungozi Afghan basa. Latest vakapinda pakavanda chibvumirano vokuTurkey. The mutongi weruwa akatendeukira Russian rubatsiro. Matyushkin akasarudza adzivise muvengi. Zvakanga zvokuti nokukurumidza kugadzirira ngarava 14 kuti akatora 2 rechiuto pamwe atirari. November 4 ngarava kubva Astrakhan uye papera mwedzi akauya Anzali. Small achiwana guta Rasht rakatorwa pasina kurwa. Gore rakatevera, muchirimo Guilan akatumwa fuma iri uwandu 2 zviuru. People. Marines pamwe 24 pfuti. Vari akarayira Major General Levashov. Pamwe chete, mauto eRussia rakatora yose province. Saka rakavambwa kudzora kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa reCaspian nemhenderekedzo.
Baku
Mumwe Derbent Russian Czar akatuma kuguta refutenendi Lunin pamwe kukokwa kuzvipira. Zvisinei, Baku kukanganiswa Daud achipemha nevamiririri. Vaisabvumirwa muguta Lunin uye akaramba kubatsirwa Russian. June 20, 1773 Matyushkin vakananga Baku kubva Astrakhan. 28 July mauto vakapinda muguta. Power, rokuvagamuchira Matiushkin mumaoko makiyi pasuwo. Mushure kutora guta, mauto raiva 2 caravanserais uye yakasimbiswa kudzora zvose zvinokosha zvine urongwa pfungwa. Ndagamuchira nhau kuti Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey vachikurukura pamwe Haji Dawood, Matyushkin akarayira kutora akamusunga. Pashure paizvozvo, hama dzake nhatu uye pfuma akatumira Astrakhan. Derge Quli kumbirai akagadzwa kuva gavhuna Baku. Akakwidziridzwa kuti chinzvimbo konoro. Sezvo commandant akagadzwa Prince Baryatinsky. Campaign 1723 akabvumira kubvuta anongoda yose mahombekombe kweGungwa reCaspian. Izviwo, kukonzera rusaruro zvakakomba kuti nzvimbo Haji Dawood. Yokurasikirwa reCaspian mudunhu, iye chaizvoizvo akarasikirwa anokwanisa kusikazve yakazvimirira uye simba mamiriro pamusoro munharaunda Lezgistan uye Shirvan. Haji Davud aiva panguva iyoyo iri Turkish citizenship. Havana kana dzinomutsigira, nekuti vakanga vakabatikana chisarudzo zvinetso zvavo.
zvabuda
chirongwa Persian rakabudirira kwazvo hurumende yeRussia. Zvakanga chaizvoizvo hwakagadzwa masimba pamusoro pemhenderekedzo Eastern eCaucasus. Kubudirira vehondo wokuRussia uye nechisimba hweOttoman mauto kumanikidzwa Persia kusaina runyararo chibvumirano. Akanga mujeri Petersburg. Maererano Agreement 12 (23) mu September 1723, kusvika Russian akadzokera munzvimbo huru. Pakati pavo pakanga Shirvan kudunhu Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Kukurudzirwa yokuRussia chamber uye Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Zvisinei, kubva mberi nechepakati chikamu Caucasus, raifanira achasiyiwa. Izvi zvakanga nokuti kuti muzhizha 1723 pamusoro munharaunda hweOttoman mauto akapinda. Ivo yakaparadzwa Georgia, kumadokero nyika Azerbaijan ano uye Armenia. Muna 1724, pamwe Porte yakanga yakasainwa Constantinople chibvumirano. Maererano naye, Sultan akaziva pakuunganidza Russian umambo muna reCaspian nharaunda uye Russia, akavapindurawo, - ayo kodzero mundima Western eCaucasus. Papera ukama vokuTurkey kwazvo kunetse. Kuti adzivise hondo itsva hurumende yeRussia anofarira kubatana Persia, akadzokera kwaari littoral nharaunda yose yakapinda musangano bhuku uye Rasht kondirakiti.
mhedziso
Peter rakakodzera vaite mushandirapamwe ake. Kubudirira kwake vaipa nhamba yevanhu, ngarava uye pfuti zvakakwana. Uyewo, Russian chamber akakwanisa kutsvaga rutsigiro vavakidzani. Vaikurumidza vakateerera chikumbiro chake. Somuenzaniso, mauto eRussia vakanga kukasawedzerwa Kabardian hondo, akaripira nokuda Tatars. Asi kurovedza rakarongwa akatora nzvimbo kwidza. Zvakatora yose haisi zvikuru nguva. Of Kunyanya kukosha pamushandirapamwe tine ngarava. Ivo nechokwadi risina kumiswa nerubatsiro zvokudya. Zvakafanana yaikosha Russian uye zvine urongwa anofambisa. Kwakapiwa kuti nzvimbo yacho yakanga kujairwa, vakakwanisa kudzora zvinenge nharaunda yose. matambudziko makuru anogona kununura Russian vokuTurkey. Ivo ndikazoti nevamwe simba pamusoro Haji Dawood. Iyewo, akavhiringidza Society uye vamwe vatongi. Zvisinei, kunyange izvi vasingagoni kudzivisa Implementation pakati urongwa Peter. Kana kwete nokuti kwematsutso madutu kweGungwa reCaspian, ingangodaro Angadai mberi kunyange mberi. Zvisinei, kwakasarudzwa kudzoka. Asi kudzora mundima vaiva mauto eRussia. It kwakawanikwa nhare anoverengeka. Mumaguta mumisha uye kurapa vatariri Russian vaivapo. On mundima Eastern Caucasus nenguva achinyora Petro muRussia hakuna chete kusingadzoreki ugari. Mamiriro rakaoma zvimwe makomo kunyaya mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. Vamwe vavo vangava vanofanira nemishonga, asi kufungisisa kusaruramisira mauto akasarudza kuzvipira. Vazhinji Kurwa kwakaitika pasina ropa kana zvidiki nezvinhu pamusoro Russian divi. Izvi zvakanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti vatongi vemo zvaizivikanwa maitiro Petro uye pasi. Kana akati haana kuti aizotuma mauto kupinda Nokuzvidira guta ravo, ipapo angadai kuchengeta chivimbiso. Asi zvakaoma zvakakwana kudzivisa Russian akagamuchira. Chinokosha raiva kubatwa zviri Baku. Tiine Russian basa muguta akatora kudzora rinenge rose pamhenderekedzo. Rakanga kupfuura vakarongeka uye pakukura kufenda. Muchirwisa colour munhu kukunda richangopfuura muna Northern War, kubudirira wePezhiya rati kunyange zvakawanda vaivakudza Russian chamber. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti munyika mambo vakatevera chinoshingaira kuchinja achipfeka Europeanization mamiriro. izvi zvose pamwe chete akaita Russia nyika simba zvechokwadi, izvo mubasa vatorwa noukama vakava fanira.
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