Yokutanga chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow

Sei Moscow anonzi ibwe jena? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, sezvo mubereko revashanyi, anoziva, zvichida mumwe vagari vayo, anoda guta rake uye vanodada nhoroondo yaro zvechokwadi. Name guru ichi akapa chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow muna 1367 kuvaka. Mumazana refu emakore ivepo, rakavakwazve nguva zhinji uye akava chiratidzo guta, ayo mwoyo uye mumwe mukuru zvinokwezva wechokwadi.

Nhasi, ari Kremlin ndeimwe yenzvimbo yakanaka mapurani ensembles munyika, ane nzvimbo dzinenge 27 uye maeka nehafu. Tinodzidza zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo ichi chikuru chacho.

The yokugara wokutanga nzvimbo Kremlin. Moscow garo

Yokutanga Misha yekare nzvimbo Kremlin akasimuka yakareba chaizvo nguva. Sezvinoratidzwa matongo Zvakafukunurwa, vanenge zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Uye atova VI remakore AD kwakaonekwa marudzi wokutanga necheSalvic.

Moscow akatanga kutaurwa yaMakoronike muna 1147. Panguva iyoyo Yuri Dolgoruky akakoka hama dzake Muchinda Novgorod-Seversky Svyatoslav kumusangano mutaundi duku kumuganhu. chiitiko ichi akaburuka munhau somusi hwaro Moscow.

Nhoroondo yokutanga Kremlin

Nyaya Kremlin inotanga gare gare - makore mapfumbamwe Papera, Dolgoruky kana anosarudza kusimbisa guta nemasvingo marefu. Raiva vanoondoroka picket noruzhowa, vachitsigirwa ne hombe yevhu mugodhi kuti mukuru akavimbika. Nenzira, nzvimbo nokuda kuvaka haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Chokwadi chokuti nhare yaiva pamusoro zvakakwirira, dzakapoteredzwa Moscow River uye Neglinnaya. Izvi akabvumira nguva kuona muvengi mumupe shure. Mukuwedzera, chikomo wakazarura wakajeka chaizvo maonero nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Sezvineiwo, nzvimbo yokutanga Kremlin akanga mana hectares, uye zvino nharaunda yayo yakawedzera kusvika masere nguva!

Zvisinei, chinokosha drawback renhare ichi chaiva chokwadi kuti yakavakwa huni, uye nokudaro zviri nyore kupisa panguva kwetsaona moto kana dzimba. The inotevera nguva Kremlin rakavakwazve pakutanga pakati XIV remakore, apo Moscow Ivan Kalita mitemo. Iye akagadza mari yakawanda, nguva uye kushanda pakusimbisa uye zvokunatsa guta. Nokuti ichi uye akarayira kuti avakire masvingo itsva. zvipingamupinyi izvi vakasimba zvikuru kupfuura vakanga akavaka kupfuura simba uye akasimba nemiouki emiti. A itsva chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow yakavakwa panguva Dmitry Donskoy kunyange pashure akawanda emakore.

Moscow panguva Dmitriya Donskogo

Inotevera mutongi Moscow akanga Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Akanga muzukuru Ivana Kality. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Dmitry Donskoy vakatevera chinoshingaira wokumwe mutemo, kuwedzera uye kusimbisa nomuganhu Moscow. Uyezve, akanga kuzivikanwa nechisimba vachirwisa of wechiTatar-Mongol mapoka. Zvose izvi zvaida mutsva masvingo, simba.

Uyezve, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, kuti Kremlin mutana yakavakwa huni. Saka, kunyange akanga ane simba zvokuti kukurira muvengi wacho nechisimba, achiri pangozi moto. Uye moto yakaitika 1365, vakaparadza guta rose pasi (munyaya akanzi reVasande Vose, sezvo yakatanga muChechi Saints All). Haana kurega pomuouki madziro Kremlin. Zvadaro, kudzivirira guta, Dmitry Donskoy anorayira kuvaka chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow. Gore mukutanga kuvakwa - 1367. Izvi anotaurwa yenhau iyi.

Kuvaka chena-ibwe Kremlin

Saka, kuvakwa chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow akatanga. Munguva yechando payo akadzinga zvinhu kuvaka nhare. White ibwe racherwa kuti kuvakwa muna Moscow nharaunda, matatu chete kubva muguta. Iye kare kuRussia uye yaiva chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira zvinhu. Ibwe chena raiva rakasimba uye akanaka, asi ayo kugadzirwa raiva zvakaoma, uye vanatenzi yacho vaiva vashoma. Saka, hazvina kushandiswa nevakawanda.

White Stone Kremlin muMoscow, yaiva chivako wokutanga kwakadaro Suzdal. kuvaka Its zvakatanga apo vakanga vakagadzirira zvinhu zvose, uye muchirimo 1367. Under madziro wakakombwa idzva nheyo yakasimba, izvo achifara achiri pamire nhasi.

kuvakwa chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow (- 1368 kupera) akanga akatakurwa kunze nokukurumidza. kurumidza ichi chakanga zvachose kwakarurama. Zvechokwadi, nguva pfupi pashure kuguma kuvakwa muMoscow Akatsoropodzwa hondo Omani Grand Duke Algirdas. Akamira mazuva matatu pasi masvingo Kremlin, asi kuti kutora nhare uye vakasagona. Makore maviri gare gare, Algirdas akarwisa zvakare guta, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

Muna ra1382 nhare zvoutsinye akarwisa Tokhtamysh, izvo zvakakonzera wake kukuvara kukuru, asi pashure rakachengetedzwa rukaporeswa. Naizvozvo chena-ibwe Kremlin building, pasina mubvunzo, aiva muenzaniso chiitiko kuti uchiumba pakuzadzisa guta uye inotungamirirwa kwayo somuzinda Orthodoxy uye yakagara Grand Nemachinda.

Zvairatidzika sedombo chena Kremlin?

Zvinosuwisa, hazvina kuitika muvhidhiyo mashoko kudanana sei kutarisa wokutanga chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow. The mutongi anogona chete kuva nokuda mishumo kubva yaMakoronike uye vanodhirowa A. M. Vasnetsova.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti ibwe masvingo nenhare dzakavakwa panguva rebei kubva muzvivako akare. Saka, mundima Kremlin kwakaita kuwedzerwa zvakati. Pakukora masvingo nevamwe vanofungidzira yakasvika vaviri - matatu mamita. Basa kudzivirira michina kuita navanopinda nomugero, kuburikidza icho mazambuko pakakoromoka.

Mokupera yakaiswa pokunzvenga napo vaiva rakavharwa zvakasimba pamapuranga. Nhanhatu shongwe dzakavakwa neboka vanopfuura-gedhi. Pamusoro Neglinnaya River akakandwa wokutanga ibwe zambuko muMoscow. Mushure hafu remakore panzvimbo yayo takavaka Utatu, iyo inogara nhasi.

Pashure okuguma chena-ibwe Kremlin akava nhare simba zvikuru Europe. Nenzira, imwe nzvimbo panguva inenge asvika nhasi.

How kuvaka Kremlin itsva?

Makore anenge 150 kumire chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow. Kakawanda akanga akakomba uye kutsungirira kunotyisa kurwisa. Asi ivo akuvadzwa zvisinei zvakakomba zvakakanganisika uye kuparadzwa, sezvo kakawanda pamoto. The nhare Masvingo munzvimbo dzakawanda, kusakara uye havachakwanisi kuita ayo inodzivirira basa.

Saka, yechipiri yezana XV remakore, paitonga Ivan Third, akatanga hombe-pamwero kugadzirisa Kremlin. Nokuti ichi anozivikanwa vatenzi Italian vakakokwa kuMoscow. Nhare rakavakwazve zvishoma nezvishoma, pamusoro nzvimbo masvingo vekare chena dzakavakwa dzvuku chidhinha chivako chitsva,. Kazhinji, asi Kremlin rokuvakazve akatora makore gumi. Also vakavakazve temberi uye machechi. Saka yakaumbwa ano mapurani pakuonekwa Kremlin.

Naizvozvo, akanga reconstructed kanoverengeka. Kuchinja vokutanga vakaitwa panguva yaitonga Boris Godunov, ipapo pasi Peter I. kuparadzwa Great zvakonzera Kremlin Patriotic yeHondo 1812. Vapedza kuita zvakawanda basa kudzorerwa. Pasi pokutonga Soviet, kuti Kremlin rave kuvakwazve, neshongwe yakanga yakashongedzwa nyeredzi, uye ndave ndakagadza chevaux Cannon uye chevaux Bell pamusoro zviri.

Moscow chena ibwe

White Stone Kremlin muMoscow akamira kweinenge hafu yezana remakore. Akatsungirira anopfuura rimwe kurwisa chisimba uye kukombwa muvengi, yakavimbika kudzivirira kubva muvengi guta. Zviri nemhaka nhare ichi Moscow awana zita "ibwe jena". Nenzira, ndiko ake zvino. Asi vashoma vanoziva kuti Kremlin akaramba "ibwe jena" emakore mana pashure pacho rakavakwa masvingo itsva tsvuku chidhinha.

Ichi chinoshamisa Chokwadi ane nyore tsananguro imwe. Masvingo wakakombwa zvikurukuru whitened kusvikira XIX remakore. Kudivi rimwe, ichi kwakakonzerwa nehanya yakachengeteka zvidhina, mumwe - yaiva yorudzii mutero ibwe wokutanga Kremlin pasi Dmitry Donskoy akavaka. Somuenzaniso, iye vanoratidzwa bleached kanivhasi P. P. Vereschagina, akasikwa 1879.

Kremlin nhasi

Mazuva iwayo Kremlin ndiye yakagara purezidhendi. Muna 1997, rimwe kudzorerwa pamwero mukuru akanga kuitwa mairi. Nokufamba vazhinji zvivako uye zvivako zviri Kremlin rakadzorerwa. Zvino mikuru mazororo Orthodox pane yakatarwa basa, uye pamusoro munharaunda wakakombwa uye mamiziyamu asingandirayiridzi Tours.

Uye zvichida nhasi haisi zvose rangarira kuti chena-ibwe Kremlin muMoscow yakavakwa panguva Dmitry Donskoy, asi zvemo vagere guru vanoziva nhoroondo guta ravo uye vanozvikudza pamusoro payo.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Mapurani Ensemble pamusoro Red Square uye Kremlin ari pandandanda World Cultural Heritage ne UNESCO.
• Kana emakore mashoma apfuura, kuti nhare masvingo rwakacheneswa, asi zvino ivo neapo akasvibiswa tsvuku pendi.
• The Kremlin ndiye Europe guru akachengetedzwa nhare ichiri kushanda.
• Muna 1941, masvingo vakarondedzera mahwindo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti masiki nhare nokuda chokugara kuvakwa.

White Stone Kremlin muMoscow wake upenyu akasangana zhinji kuchinja, asi akaramba chiratidzo Moscow uye chiwanikwa muguta racho mapurani kwechokwadi.