Kremlin muMoscow. Russia, Moscow, Kremlin

Wokutanga vakawana umboo nzvimbo mundima iri Kremlin kuti nzvimbo vekare vane makore maviri zviuru zvitatu zvemakore. Kutaura zvazviri, yakarurama mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti ndiani akavaka Kremlin muMoscow, pane, sezvo kuvakwa wokutanga stockade zvikanzi shure kune mazuva apo Borovitsky Hill aiva yokugara Dyakov mhando. The zvakananga kuvaka zvivako yakatanga murayiro Yuriya Dolgorukova pamusoro erection masvingo muna 1156.

Olympus Russian mamiriro - Kremlin muMoscow

Pakutanga, rusvingo chivakwa yakaitwa namatanda, uye chete veMubatanidzwa Dmitry Donskoy guru yakawanikwa yake yakakurumbira remadunhu- - ibwe jena. Mokupera yakatsiviwa ibwe, akaita kubva zvomunharaunda reraimu. Paitonga Ivan III akakoka Italian ezvivako, uyo akatanga nokuti kuvakwa mutsva (1475-1479 gg.) - Kuongorora chena ibwe masvingo uye kuvaka yaro panzvimbo chidhinha. Kuti achengetedze kuchengeteka iye anonzwisisa muchidimbu kuti nokukurumidza yaitsiva itsva. Construction kwemakore gumi refu. Uyewo pavanoparidza mazuvaano rusvingo dzakavakwa kubvuma Cathedral.

Pahondo 1812, ari Kremlin muMoscow akanga zvikuru ukama uye dzichapambwa. Zvakamutorera Makore mana kuti kuwanazve ayo ekare chitarisiko. Above izvi anoita dzakawanda zvakanakisisa unyanzvi. Uyewo, kuvakwa guru kukuvara akanga akuvadzwa mukufamba kumukira nezvombo muna 1917, panguva iyo Kremlin akanga tsitsi shelled ne atirari.

nzvimbo

The Moscow Kremlin ndiyo huru socio-enyika, unyanzvi uye nhoroondo kunzwisisa pakati guru Russian, iri nyore vanosungirwa kuva chaizvo peguta. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa maviri pamakona:

• Aesthetic maonero hurongwa sezvo nechepakati guru - huru muviri kuzvidzora zvinobva kuna huru mitemo, etc ...
• Uchifunga Kremlin muMoscow somumwe zvinhu zvikuru kare, zvakakodzera kutaura sokuronga kwakarurama nzvimbo. The nhare yaiva uye iri pakati maviri unobatanidza nzizi, vachisiya zvinogona nechisimba kodzero kurwisa kubva rumwe rutivi chete, ine kunobatsirawo mupomerwi mukuru administrative chinhu mamiriro.

The Kremlin muMoscow iri pachikomo Borovitsky - kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Moscow River. In yayo mapurani zvakagadzirwa Chimiro chiri netriangle kwemashifiti (kuva kunyatsoenderana, ndiko quadrilateral mumwe notched mukona).

Nguva Soviet Union

In chaiyo nzira Kremlin zvakachinja, apo hurumende yeSoviet nesimba nayo munyika. Kubvira 1918, Moscow zvakare akava muzinda enyika yose wehurumende. Muna March iroro hurumende yeSoviet yakatamira Kremlin. Entry "zano" mune yaimbova youmambo kwakaita sefungu kutsamwa zvavo vemo, asi rakanga nokukurumidza woutsinye. Chivako yakava mapazi wakarambidzwa, vanhuwo vagari vakafirwa mukana wakasununguka kupinda munharaunda yayo. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika yakasimbiswa kuti mune zvose makore Soviet chitonge Kremlin muMoscow somunhu mapurani Ensemble akanga yekudyidzana kukuvaradzwa - kupfuura hafu pre-raivapo zvivako uye zvivako zvakanga akaputsa.

Mumwe rinozivikanwa zvikuru transformations muSoviet nguva yaiva yaitsiva kaviri musoro makondo, akaisa pamusoro nechepakati shongwe kufamba, nyeredzi Ural mabwe semiprecious, iyo gare gare vakanga yakatsiviwa Ruby.

Kremlin shongwe

Moscow Kremlin shongwe dzaitaurwa uwandu zvidimbu makumi maviri, rimwe nerimwe yakavakwa mumakore siyana uye ane zita refu uye rakasiyana. Zvinotevera zvina shongwe huru ndakatendeka: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Corner Arsenal (iri makona netriangle, chete zvinhu dzeraundi muchinjikwa chikamu, zviri gumi vasara vane sikweya) uye Spassky - zvikuru yakakurumbira nokuda kwake chigaro maawa. shongwe shanu vashongedze asinganzwisisiki nesadhio nyeredzi: asi Spassky (Frolovskaya), St. Nicholas, Utatu, Borovitskaya (Baptist) uye Vodovzvodnaya.

Apasi ndiye Imperial Tower, yakavakwa muna 1680, uye soro - Trinity (79.3 metres), Nicholas (70.4 metres) uye Muponesi (71 m.) Shongwe All, kunyanya nokuda kuvaka imwe nguva (yechipiri yezana XVII remakore), dzakavakwa chete mapurani manyorerwo. Chivara ndiye Nikolskaya Tower, anotsigirwa ari ekunyebera Gothic maitiro.

Shanda mhiri kwemakungwa vanatenzi

Kremlin mokupera kuvakwa munguva yemakore 1485-1516 of Italian ezvivako. Dzinomirira mumwe scalene netriangle ane zvachose kureba 2235 metres, kureba uye wakafara makubhiti 5-19 M uye 3.5-6.5 mamita azvaitwa. Pamusoro madziro akashongedzwa meno, pane dzinokwana 1045 (maererano Lombard tsika, muchimiro nyenganyenga muswe). Most vane pokunzvenga napo dziri cheap car insurance. Dzinovakwa embrasures, wakafara uye vakaprofita. The panze Masvingo vane kwakanaka chimiro, asi mukati vari akashongedzwa niches dziri pamaberere. Izvi mapurani mhinduro yakagadzirirwa kwete chete kuti zviite, asi kuti kusimbisa chivako. Kufanana nezvivakwa vazhinji nguva idzodzo, kuti Kremlin rusvingo akaramba zvizhinji dzokuaviga nzvimbo uye muchivande ndima, kunoita kuti kusiya nokusimbaradza kana zvakakodzera. Zvisinei, vakatema porusvingo kurutivi rwokumusoro-mabvazuva kuuya Red Square, zvino ndipiyona columbarium. It wakachengeta urn vakakurumbira kwokufananidzira reSoviet kumwedzi. Zvino zvinomutsa mubvunzo pamusoro yavaive imwe nzvimbo columbarium.

The Kremlin uye yenhengo dzayo

Pasinei akapfuma tichitaura nzvimbo mubereko kana raiva guta Moscow, kuti Kremlin Nde kukwezvana guru. Ndiye inozivikanwa zvakasiyana mapurani zvaakasika zhinji. Tsvaka munharaunda yayo, Chokwadi, akaripira, uyewo excursions, asi chii chiri mari zvichienzaniswa emakore nhoroondo, vachaponeswa uye akaisa zvakafanana kunzwisisa?

Kunyanya dzinonakidza ndidzo kereke Orthodox:

• Church of kubvuma.
• Cathedral of Annunciation.
• Patriarch kwakaita Palace uye Cathedral Gumi neVaviri.
• Upper Muponesi Cathedral.
• Huru Cathedral, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Munguva revashanyi Chokwadi, pane chido kuita Kremlin muMoscow photos. Zvinofanira embody zvose pamusoro pamadziro uye neshongwe, uyewo nyanzvi mumuzinda muzvivako - ichi Grand Kremlin Palace uye Muzinda Zvinowedzera, uye Fun Palace.

nzvimbo dzinonakidza kwazvo kusuma zvakagadzirwa zvakadai vangava, sezvo State Kremlin Palace, kare sezvo paMuzinda Congresses, yeZvombo Chamber, Seneti Palace nevamwe.

Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa rainzwika Kremlin akatanga Chokwadi, ari chevaux Cannon uye chevaux Bell, vakakanda muna 1586 uye 1733-1735 makore. azvaitwa.

Dzinoyevedza Moscow - the Kremlin dzaro mamiziyamu

Achitaura miziyamu, riri munharaunda yacho Kremlin, hazvibviri kwete kutaura Diamond Fund - mumwe nyika guru zvishongo kuunganidza. A chiratidzo chinokosha aimbova simba Imperial ndiyo wamambo achibuda - orb, tsvimbo uye korona. Kuti Photo uye mavhidhiyo kuchengeteka mukati hakubvumidzwi. Kunewo riri mabwe yenhau nomwe, inozivikanwa kwazvo inova zvinotevera: nedhaimani, "Makondo" uye "Shah". Ekupedzisira, sezvo tichiziva, chaipiwa kuna Russian Emperor Nicholas I, ivo Shah wePezhiya aine maonero kuti nokuda kukura kunetsana panyaya nezvorufu nyanduri akakurumbira Russian uye munyori wemitambo AS Griboyedov ari kurwisa Russian Embassy in Tehran mukutanga 1829.

Nhoroondo dzakawanda kwakakwana yeRussian wehurumende iri kuvhenekerwa panguva yeZvombo. Ichi chivako chine nhurikidzwa mbiri, yakaitwa murongedzeri K. tani. Rine ose zvigaro zvoushe zvakanga zvakagarwa pamakore siyana, kuRussia autocrat. Ikoko unogona kupupurira yakakurumbira kuunganidzwa kuti Faberge mazai, uye bakatwa pamusoro Minin uye Pozharsky, sirivha ndezvevaya vakazvigadzirirwa naBaba Yuriya Dolgorukogo, uye zvichingodaro. D.

The ezvinhu aripo pakati Moscow Kremlin

Nhoroondo Kremlin muMoscow haana kurasa shinda dzaro uye mumazuva edu. Panguva ino, kuti ave nokubata - kubva 1991, Kremlin ndiye mukuru yakagara President Russian. Maererano chokwadi ichi nineties mabasa zvisingafungidziriki kudzorerwa rwaiitwa pamusoro munharaunda yayo. Hweuprofita kudzorerwa zvinokwezva dzakadai Muzinda Zvinowedzera, Alexander uye Andrew Hall of Grand Kremlin Palace, dare uye chivakwa etc.

Inenge gore negore kupenda madziro ose Kremlin, saka havaiti kurasikirwa kwavo zvakanaka uye kuyevedza maonero.

masangano aripo

Ndevapi masangano dziri mu yakakurumbira kero "Russia, Moscow, kuti Kremlin?" Chokutanga, chiri hofisi President kweRussia, riri weSeneti Palace. On rinokosha nzvimbo yechipiri vachava Chechi yeOrthodox yomuRussia, dzimbahwe riri muna Annunciation, Ngirozi Huru uye Uspenski Cathedral. Zvisinganyanyi kukosha sangano, iri Kremlin, ndiye FSO - Federal Security Service - iroro basa, izvo basa rinokosha basa - kudzivirira mukuru vakuru Russian.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinofadza kuti vashanyi ndiwo miziyamu-kuchengeterwa pasi zita "Moscow Kremlin", akawanda zvinoriumba nhengo zvakatendeka inorondedzerwa pamusoro. Rayakavambwa shure muna 1806 uye vachiri mumwe nokusungwa nzvimbo kuongororwa muMoscow.