Nikolskaya shongwe Moscow Kremlin: kare, tsananguro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Kremlin Nikolskaya shongwe - mumwe pezvokuvamba chikero mapurani Ensemble goho Red Square. Pane chesuwo, kusvikira pakupera rechi15 Str akatanga. Nikolskaya. Total pakuvaka kukwirira - 70,4 m, kana iwe anosanganisira yokupedzisira wake nyeredzi. A yakawanda dzinonakidza uye anobatsira ruzivo kudzidza zvimwe kubva munyaya.

nhoroondo date

Nikolskaya Tower yakavakwa muna 1491, gore. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa neDare Italian GP Solari. Zita kuvakwa chokuita Wonderworker Nicholas, ane Icon inoshongedza France kumabvazuva.

Kune avo nyanzvi vanobatisisa maonero, parakatonga kuti zita chokuita Nikola wekare, uyo yemamongi raiva pedyo chaizvo. Pamagedhi 1612-M shongwe apfuura nevarwi vehurumende, ane mutungamiriri aiva Dmitry Pozharsky uye Kuzma Minin, saka iye akaburukira munhau.

Muna 1737, gore Nikolskaya Moscow Kremlin shongwe yakanga yapararira romoto uye akapisa zvachose. It akadzorera pasi pokudzora I. Michurin. Chaioneka Decor Baroque zvinhu zvakafanana nemakore werudzii Arsenal. Muna 1780 sechivako chose basa K. Blanc, akasika pamusoro rakatenderera chimiro uye tende pasi. Munguva 1805-1806 wacho. pano zvakanzi rwaiitwa chikuru rokuvakazve pasi pokudzora A. Ruska uye A. Bakaev. At nzvimbo superstructure pamusoro quadrangular akazviratidza Gothic Zimbabwe Educational, mukuru tende yakagadzirwa ibwe jena uye yakashongedzwa akanaka tracery marudzi. Zviri nemhaka Gothic manyorerwo shongwe St. Nicholas yakasiyana chaizvo nezvimwe zvivako zviri Kremlin.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Muna 1812 zvakanzi vakatakura kuputika, izvo zvakaita muimba dzaparadzwa zvakakomba. Honzeri vaiva French, vakasiya guta. Tende yakawira, kunokuvadza suwo nzira. Kwete pedengu pachirauro uye mufananidzo Mozhayskogo Nikoly, iyo kwainzi chishamiso.

nokukurumidza ichi makawanikwa Emperor Alexander I. Zvadaro, maererano nechirevo chake kunze kudzorerwa Nikolskaya shongwe. Pasi nechiso musande akaonekwa machena Dombo iri iyo gavhuna akaita zvisiri zvake. Ndima yacho inoti kuti ruponeso chifananidzo imhaka dzaMwari.

Rutapudzo pezvakaitwa kubvira 1816 kusvika 1819-fung makore. The purojekiti kutungamirirwa akitekiti O Bove, uyo akaita zvimwe zvakagadzirwa vari kugadzira. Tende ibwe jena akatsiviwa pachishandiswa yesimbi puranga. In makona quadrangular vakaisa ndiro, izvo akasimbisa Gothic hunhu meimba. Uyewo zodchesky shasha yake basa iri akaratidza V. Bakarev. Kana update Nikolskaya Tower yakazviwanira chando-chena ruvara. Munharaunda pane chapero Chudotvortsa Nikolaya uye Alexander Nevsky, iyo rakavakwazve nguva zhinji. The yokupedzisira zvakaitika muna 1883.

kuchinja

Muna October 1917 okumusoro akanga kwazvo tagovera nokuda atirari kutokonora. It yakavakwazve 1918. The kwacho akatungamirira N. Markovnikov. White chikatsiviwa zvidhina, zvakafanana rose Architectural ensemble.

Board rakagadzirwa machena, iro Alexander Ndakanga kamwe akanyorwa mashoko, namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Muna October 1935, uri pamusoro retende riri nzvimbo segondo ine misoro miviri akaisa nyeredzi kuti pamwe Semi-anokosha anoti, rubhi kuchinja muna 1937. Mune imwe ranzi 12 rine zviso.

gumo

Nikolskaya Tower (Moscow) rave dzaparadzwa, kana muna 1917 muguta akava hondo. Ikawira anoshongwa akaparadza gedhi kuwedzera pasi. Panguva ino, mufananidzo St. Nicholas haana rombo, uye rakanga chimiro makomba bara uye shrapnel ichibhururuka mariri, asi chiso uye akaramba kukuvara, akabata chete okunze yakapoteredza. Chokwadi, zvakadaro Zvakangoitikawo kumanikidzwa Muscovites kuzosimbisa mufananidzo utsvene zvakare.

In iconography vakatanga kushandisa mufananidzo shelled kwemifananidzo. The mamiriro rukaporeswa muna 1919, apo yaigadzirisa zvakabudiswa mufananidzo. Restorers kwasvika nemakore muenzaniso uye kubvisa zvisaririra vasingadiwi. In 1920-1922. murals nemifananidzo ngirozi chapedzwa.

akadzokorora chishamiso

Muna April 1918, akanga achishingaira vachigadzirira mhemberero May Day, iyo inopembererwa kekutanga ipapo. France pamwe icon Zvarakasvibirira tsvuku bunting. Rambai kuziviswa chii zvino aiva mhepo simba, uye iye akasunungura nzira maziso, nokukanda kubva kanivhasi. Vanhu vakanga varipo, vakati kuti pakanga pasina preconditions kunyange chiedza dutu, uye jira akabvarura pachake kana chipped of munondo. Lenin aivapo uye CPC, uyewo boka guru revanhu vakanga tsvarakadenga vakashamiswa chiitiko ichi.

Nokuti umpteenth nguva mystique akawana Nikolskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin. nyaya iri kuwedzerwa yakasimba ndandanda omunzvimbo zvishamiso uye kunyange vakapinda mumapepanhau. Chokwadi, vakawanda kufungidzira rakabatsira kunze nomwoyo wose, uye zvimwe zvapupu kunyange vaitaura kuti mufananidzo inopenya.

voruzhinji kuchema

Pano pakauya Mapilgrim, izvo emauto akadzingwa mabasa varwi Red Army. Kutaura chiitiko ichi kwenguva refu havana kurega nguva. Mumwe mukadzi akatoti musi May 1st achiona Chudotvortsa Nikolaya pamwe nomunondo unopfuta muruoko rwake, rwaakanga akagura chidzitiro dzvuku. Izvi chete Shanduro hwakasimbiswa neimwe munhu.

Human kufarira nyaya, izvi chete vakakuchidzira kune nyaya huru kukurukura ikoko. To zvimwe kudzora chemaneka ichi, murinde nguva nenguva vachiridzira pfuti mudenga yokubudisa revanhu, riri vafarire zvikuru neshongwe St. Nicholas. Gossip akamhanya, asi nokukurumidza vakadzokera dzakare nzvimbo. Tikhon pano - tateguru, akanga ashumira dzidziso iri pamadziro Kazan Cathedral. Pamberi masuwo munamato rakaitirwa kuremekedza St. Nicholas.

makamuri okumusoro akanga kuparadzwa muna 1925 nokuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti asunungure neshongwe kubva kare akaturikidzana. Muna 1929 kwakanga akavaka mausoleum yakagadzirwa nematombo. zvinoera Holy yaiva pamadziro makereke, hwakatamisirwa kwakavakirwa yetemberi St. Johani Warrior, riri pamusoro Yakimanka. A chigaro akavaka zvimbuzi pachena kushandiswa.

Recent zvakawanwa

Nikolskaya shongwe mapurani rakanaka, asi zviri ichiri zvinofadza zvikuru chinhu pano ndiro zita yakakurumbira mufananidzo Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Muna 2010, gore vakaona chifananidzo kare, izvo kwemakore akawanda vakavigwa pasi akaturikidzana ose nesuko. chengetedzo Its asina atawana.

On chiso musande akasvika panguva achiona Kyoto. Zvadaro achishingaira vaishanda kupa Kremlin munhau chitarisiko kwayo. Muna June, pamusoro pesuwo iiswe rwemichinjiko kuti kudzorerwa. The nyanzvi vakaperekedza miedzo umo zvaigoneka kuzotonga mamiriro icon.

Zvadaro akatanga kuchenesa nzira yake uye kuona mufananidzo musande. Zvakanga vakagumisa kuti twumapuranga rukoko rinoshandisirwa muna 15-16 emakore. Basa aifanira kuva akanaka, nokuti makatsemuka uye vamwe sokunonoka zvakawanikwa. Kana neshongwe airamba, imwe varinamire dzakawira, saka kakasaririra zvichengetwe chete nehafu. Zvino pane urongwa pakusikwa girazi fenzi chinodzivirira mufananidzo kubva mamiriro rwakashata ekunze. Usingabereki -wedzera ari condensate richashandiswa kubudikidza kufefetedza hurongwa.

zvabuda basa

Kudzorerwa rwakatora 3 months. Basa rakanga rakaoma nokuti kusimba mamiriro ezvinhu kuwana. Kuwedzera yasara tichingoda shrapnel uye mabara, zvakanga aivawo Hopper, iyo akaita chinhu projectile. Vaisiya mucherechedzo moto kuti inopiswa Ages. Akaturikidzana seari muzana remakore rechi19, akabvapo I. Grabar muna 1918. Varinamire simba zvakaipa pamusoro painting, kuti pendi iri wavharwa. Sezvineiwo, I akaramba akatsiga regadziriro kudhirowa, umo vakaedza recreate vose.

The ruoko akasiya akanga reconstructed kubva magwaro kuti vakasikwa akapendwa kusazivikanwa musiki remakore rechi16. Chete pomuchindwe mudzidziso zvishoma kuchinja zvemichina, nekuti pakange pasina bhuku kudzidza kuita zvakanaka.

Zviri zvakare haanzwisisiki, ndiyo musi pakusikwa mufananidzo, nekuti yakanga kushanduka zvakawanda mune 17-19th emakore. Restorers akashuma kuti akavimba muchimiro yakanga mukutarisana rechi17.