Princess Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: Biography anorichengeta, mapikicha

Russian noblewoman Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, Biography chichakurukurwa zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino, Musikana nokutora aipfeka Pyatkovskaya. Iye ari akakurumbira nomukurumbira, mudzidzisi uye philanthropist. It inonziwo rokusika hunhu, enamel vemifananidzo uye uri nomuteresi. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna inotangwa unyanzvi Studio pamusoro Petersburg, Antiquities Russian miziyamu muguta Smolensk, kuti School of Drawing (muna St. Petersburg), Bezhitsk yekosi chikoro, uyewo iwe-maindasitiri mumawekishopu Talashkino kuchamuka, raiva naye.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: pfupi bilayer graphene

Chokwadi, nyaya youpenyu munhu kunotanga chaiwo musi aberekwa. Zvinosuruvarisa nhoroondo akachengetedza mashoko pamusoro chaizvo iyo gore akaberekwa yemberi matarenda womufananidzo, nekuti yakanga mubvandiripo, kunyange guru noblewoman. Hapana nhasi haazivi zita rababa vake pachake. Mushure muchato, akatora zita wake uye akazozivikanwa Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Date rokuberekwa kwake - April 20, asi gore zvinoratidzwa anenge pakati 1865-1867. Panzira, pane kufungidzira kuti baba vake vaigona kuva Kesari Alexander II Russia. Ungangove, imhaka ichi saka inosiya zvakawanda chakavanzika nyaya akamubereka.

suwa muduku

Amai vake Maria Alexandrovna akaroora Kraudhiyo uye Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo akabereka zita rake. Second vokurera Masha muduku aiva MP Dizen makuriro - murume akapfuma chaizvo muridzi dzimba dzakawanda muSt Petersburg uye Moscow. Amai harishandi mwanasikana wake nounyoro uye nokungwarira, uye musikana aifanira nguva dzose kungwarira kuitira kuti atigumbukire wake, somugumisiro chii aigona kutevera kurangwa zvakasimba uye kunyange kurohwa. Akava dzakaonda ganda uye yakavharwa, zvinogona vakakuvadza chete ziso. Uyezve, iye anenge refu inoitwa chigumbu uye kugona kukangamwira. Zvisinei, akanga akasimba nharo zvikuru uye nomutsa, akazvimirira uye tichishingaira. Iye kuNigeria hwasiyana, zvakapesana zvaakanga anazvo mumba yake vokurera.

inotungamirwa

Kusvikira 1869 remangwana Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva akadzidza pamba pasi takarinda ziso muperekedzi French. Zvisinei, pashure pokudzidza pamusoro achangobva akazarura vasikana yokutanga reRussia 'chikoro, apo vaiita pamusoro vasikana papurogiramu dzidzo, zvikoro makono, akasarudza kutora bvunzo uye vakanyoresa. Muvambi jimunasiyamu raiva M. Speshnyov. muduku Masha kudzidza zvakanga nyore, uye nokukurumidza akava mumwe vadzidzi chechikoro wokutanga.

wanano yokutanga

Muna 1876, Maria akaroora. Murume wake akava gweta R. Nikolaev. Papera gore aiva mwanasikana, Maria Rafailovna - ramangwana Baroness of Der Osten-Sacken. Zvisinei, muchato akanga kwenguva pfupi uye nokukurumidza akawira vega. Kamwe muna autobiography ake, "Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: pazvidhindo hwangu," iye akanyora, kuti chikonzero kurambana kwakanga kusapindirana kuti zvimiro zvavo nomurume wake.

Paris

Kana musikana muduku akanga 4 makore Maria Klavdievna akasiya imba, akatora mwanasikana. Akaenda Paris, kwaakabereka zvematongerwo Vocal mumhanzi chikoro M. Marchesi. Zvichakadai, Masha aitsvaka mushandi akavimbika Lisa, ndiani tigare nadzo upenyu. Nokukurumidza Paris nokuti Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva anoshinga kwazvo rokumusha, apo iye anonzwa sezvinoita hove mumvura. Pano zvose pedyo uye yakajeka. Iye inotungamirira rokunyika upenyu, akasangana nevanhu okusika. Kuchikoro mumhanzi vaanosangana Rubinstein, Charles Gounod. mazwi ayo zvokufambidzana ari kukura ose zuva. Pakati dzake neshamwari zvakare Ivan Turgenev. Artist Makovsky zvakare kufara kuti akatotora mudenderedzwa yake neshamwari Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. A mufananidzo wake, akanyora pasi wokutanga aiva naye pfungwa.

Musangano wokutanga Talashkino

Makore maviri pashure kurarama guru French, ramangwana Duchess kuRussia uye akatumira munda shamwari yake uduku Kitty. In Talashkino wake kwazvo, pasinei nokuti hapana kunoshamisa. Iye anoda chizvarwa hunhu, zvikomo, mumasango uye minda. Pashure pfupi zororo, iye, pamwe shamwari yake zvakare akatumira Paris, nokuti aifanira kupedza zvidzidzo vangu Vocal chikoro. In guru French vanotanga vakazvimirira kuita Arts history, shanyira akasiyana-siyana mamiziyamu, namaberere uye zvichingodaro. D. muna Louvre Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna akasangana Gilbert uye womufananidzo anotanga kutora iye uchiwana zvidzidzo. Panguva iyi, iye anotanga kuti zvematongerwo enamels.

Kutanga nevamwe

Muna 1887, vachangotanga akasvika Talashkino, musikana akazarura chikoro murimi mudiki vana. kwete chete vakasarudza kuvadzidzisa kuverenga nokunyora, asi kuisa kune rwokugadzira uye kuvapa mukana kubudirira muupenyu. Tenisheva aiva Patriot wechokwadi, uye aida zvimwe kubatsira kubudirira munyika yavo. Zvimwe zviri muropa rake ndokuudza baba vake korona?

The kutsvaka pacharo

Kwapera gore, Mary Klavdievny Tenisheva akasungirirwa kuziva Konstantin Stanislavsky. Iye anosarudza kuedza rwake panguva yemitambo uye nhandare. Kuva chipo pachisikigo, rwunotanga mberi, uye mutungamiriri kukuru kunoita wake mukana wokuratidza akazvifukidza somunhu mutambi ari womudariro kuti "Baloven" padariro "Paradise". Zvisinei, unyanzvi ane rokumusoro ruoko, uye anopfuurira makirasi vake Watercolour N. Golitsin, uye ipapo anopinda muna mufanidzo makirasi ari School of Baron Stieglitz. Rotating mu unyanzvi yeChina, vaanosangana wechiduku rokupenda I. E. Repinym, uye gare gare Aleksandrom Benua, waiwanira hanzvadzi yake Albert Artist.

wanano yechipiri

Muna 1892 iye akawanikwa zvakare uye ikozvino anoenda mukuru upenyu sechipo Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. Philanthropist, muzvinabhizimisi, musayendisiti uye chete guru vanomoyo murume, Vyacheslav anotsigira zvirongwa zvose mudzimai wake muduku. Nokukurumidza nheyo yakakurumbira Tenishev School muSt Petersburg. Wanano munhu mukuru ndege kwakadaro akamupa mikana yake zhinji uye akavhura mikana izvi, zvaakanga kumbobvira. Zvisinei, iye haashandisi navo kubudirira pachake uye kubudirira kubatsira mumba hwemashiripiti. Rinotiwo kuti Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva - philanthropist ari truest pfungwa shoko.

Upenyu Bezhitsa

Murume wake aiva Bryansk relsoprokatny chirimwa, riri mu Bezhitsa. Kuuya pano, kuti yake kuchamuka, Maria Klavdievna anotanga kuita mabasa edzidzo. Chokwadi, zviri zvikuru ichi zvakamubatsira murume. Pasina guta iye asingagoni takaita shred pamuviri. Uyezve, akanga ari murume akachenjera kwazvo anozikamwa zvedzidzo yeChina, uye akanga mazano anobatsira chaizvo. VN Tenishev akawana Kuzivikanwa dzakawanda sechinhu zvedzidzo nyanzvi uye ethnographer muvambi mapepa yesayenzi. Asi muna Russia, akanga pasi muchivande zvokuongorora nezviremera, izvo chakashamisa rusununguko ake maonero, uyewo kushorwa mutemo wenyika, uyo akanga neapo akagovana yakamanikana denderedzwa kunoenderera mberi. Zvichakadai, mudzimai wake, aiziva hapana pamusoro zvematongerwo enyika, akanzwa kuti aifanira kuva matarenda vanhu vari kupfuura yavanokwanisa kufambisira mberi uye vazivise pacharo nyika. imba yake iri kuramba kuenda varombo vemifananidzo, vatambi uye vaimbi, mune shoko, vanhu ounyanzvi. Zvisinei, muchinda uyu zvose ashatirwa, aisagona kushivirira kuratidzwa "bohemian", haana kufanana Antiques, uye haana kuziva sei kupedza mari iri kutenga uri zvinhu nokuda pachake muunganidzwa. Zvisinei, pane chimwe chinhu kuti vabatane vaviri ava vakadaro vanhu vakasiyana - rudo mumhanzi uye kuvhenekerwa. Tenishev zvakakwana Ini airidza chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello uye aiva shamwari zhinji musicians vakakurumbira.

Kujairirana Tchaikovsky

Muna 1892, akavonga Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna akasangana Tchaikovsky kukuru. Kamwe mumba yavo Promenade of Shona mu rikanyura Petersburg kwomuchinda nemudzimai akaronga manheru mu vachikudza munyori, muchindakadzi pachake akasarudza kuita kumabasa Tchaikovsky nokuda kwake. The muimbi mukuru akafara naye kuimba, uye vakamhanyira kwaari kuenda. Evening purofiti zvinoshamisa zvakanaka, uye munyori asingadi kusiya, zvinonzi kunyange kunonoka kuti edzesero panguva Opera "Iolanta".

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, tinoshandurwa

Catherine czetwertyński mhuri yaiva muridzi wemunda. Iye nomufaro akabvuma akazvitengesa kuti murume shamwari yake, Prince Tenishevo, uye kuti, uyewo, akaita mukadzi chipo roumambo kune rekuberekwa. Zvisinei, Kitty mvumo kuti kurenda upenyu uye akagara wemunda. Kubva zuva Talashkino rinochinjwa kupfuura kukudzwa. Pano mabasa kwevakadzi akavamba kugadzirwa mafuta kudzvanya, nokuti unounza mukuru-magumo midziyo kubva kunze kwenyika. nguva ino, muchindakadzi rinoratidza kuti pachavo uye vamwe kuti havagoni chete kuva bohemian, rokusika uye kudanana, asiwo muzvinabhizimisi kukuru. zvigadzirwa zvose zviri yabva mafekitari mbiri yemisoro Russian - Moscow uye St. Petersburg, uyewo muParis. Around wemunda chikuru chivakwa kunotanga. Kukuru ndokuvaka girinihausi, mumwe hwemvura chigayo, zviruva mhuka, siyana okudhindira, kusanganisira kugadziriswa okurima michina. Kusvika kubasa Talashkino vashandi dzinotanga kuvaka dzimba dzavo. Nguva dzose Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna yakawandisa wemunda, amuvigira pachake kubva Paris motokari uye akadzinga nezvazvo papfuma yake. Zvino kubva pano Khotyleva anotendeuka stables randinogara 50 mabhiza. Nokuti mabhiza nemvura rinoitwa nemvura inopisa. Uye Breeders vanokokwa kubva kuEngland. Gare gare, pedyo mhete papurazi akavaka nhandare kuti mujaho uye vadzimu.

Kuwedzera Holdings

Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, vane mhuri chete neapo kuenda Talashkino wakawanei pachake basa idzva. Akatanga titenge nemisha pedyo uye kumapurazi. Umbwa zvikoro, akavaka muhositeri. Nokukurumidza School muna Flenovo akatanga kutaura muruwa rwose. Kubva nguva nenguva iye akadonhedzwa Petersburg. Pano, mu musha wavo pachavo, iye akavamba mifananidzo chikoro. Takasvika pano kudzidza, vechiduku matarenda vanoda kupinda Academy of Arts Akanaka. Pakati vadzidzi vaiva M. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, Z. Serebryakov S. V. Chehonin mwanakomana Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, Bilibin and unto. School akumbirwa muchindakadzi anomhanya Ilya Repin.

Kwemapazi

shamwari Iskusstovedy, waakanga sevasingafungi mangwanani ake basa uye waakanga akarova mumwe ushamwari, vakatanga kutsaurira basa rake. Saka, munyori A. S. Arensky akanyora manotsi kuti dzorudo "Lily of Valley", uye mashoko kwavari akadzinyora P. I. Chaykovsky. The Artist Aleksandr Benua anopa rubatsiro vayo muchindakadzi pakati systematization Tenishev muunganidzwa vanodhirowa uye watercoloured. Iyewo anoita zvakawanda mifananidzo maonero Talashkino wemunda. 1896 raikosha mhuri Tenishevs. Panguva All-Russian inoratidzirwa Raisanganisira Bryansk fekitari uye Bezhitskaya yekosi chikoro vaiva ne Prince uye Princess. Vakanga paakavapa chepamusorosoro woumambo nekutenda.

Zvakare, Paris

Zvisinei, pasinei Maria Klavdievna haana kufanana Russia, Paris chaiwo guta apo akanzwa zvikuru takasununguka. Zvino, shure kwenguva yokumbozorora, zviri shure muguta rake kufarira. Pano zvakare simba racho rose ringakweva pamusoro pazvidzidzo zvake akapinda Academy Julien. In boka B. Constant nayo mberi nezvidzidzo zvake paguva uye mufanidzo. Pano vaanosangana L. Bakst, mukutambudzika, uye zvinobatsira iye. Uyezve, iye anotenga zvakawanda basa the artist kwakajeka. Asi ari Russian doro echimurenga mafaro, uye kuswedera chikoro wake kutanga kufungidzira musangano kuungana siyana. Nekuda kwaizvozvi pakati wake uye mutungamiriri chikoro, Repin, gakava zvinoitika, zvisinei, Repin, kwete kuda kurasikirwa kuchikoro, anotaura nyaya iyi nezviremera. Zvegore, mumwe mufananidzo chikoro yakazaruka Smolensk. Pafungidziro nokuti rokusika Studio ndiwo musha E .K. mhuri Czetwertyński, uye musoro anogadzwa nomumwe vadzidzi Repin A. Kusvuta.

Collectables Exhibition

1897 muSt Petersburg akazarura inoratidzirwa apo vaishanya dare akaratidza watercoloured uye vanodhirowa kubva kuunganidzwa Marii Tenishevoy. About kungotaura St. Petersburg vepamusoro. Uye anokudza kutarisirwa yayo Tretyakov pachake. Rinopa muchindakadzi kudzikinura munhu mifananidzo shoma, asi iye anoramba, achitsanangura kwake kuramba kusada kudzikira kuvimbika muunganidzwa. Panzira, pakupedzisira, rinopa dzakaunganidzwa yeRussian Museum, yakanga nokukurumidza kuchazoratidzwa. Asi iye akati kuti vaikwanisa chete kutora mifananidzo vemifananidzo Russian. Panguva iyoyowo, Prince VN Tenishev anopiwa nehurumende kugadzwa sezvo Commissioner-General uye musoro Russian dhipatimendi panguva World Exhibition kuParis. Uye mudzimai wake, pamwe chete anorichengeta uye musoro St Petersburg kutamba troupe pakati Sergeem Dyagilevym - kuFinland, nokuti sangano Joint uri kuratidza.

Magazini "Nyika Art"

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Maria Tenisheva uye Sergey Mamontov kuumba magazini itsva tsika - "The World of Art". Ndiye iyi ndiyo mufananidzo wacho Princess, rakanyorwa Serov uye zvakachengetwa Smolensk Museum. Munguva basa magazini iye akasangana navo kunoshamisa mifananidzo nguva yake I.Borschevskim. Uye vanotanga pahesera mumaguta ekare Russian uye mifananidzo omunzvimbo zvinokwezva nokuda magazini.

enamel unyanzvi

Kwapera nguva pashure pakusikwa magazini, iye anodzokera wake akwegura chido - enamel uri uye anovamba uri chikoro unokosha Smolensk. Masters uyo chinhano mauri vari kutanga kuchera chechi yakavakirwa tichiregeredza mhuri Tenishevs. fekitari zvidhina yakavakwa kuti pamwe.

zvimwe zvinhu

Mumakore mashomanana akatevera ikoko takaitwa Tenisheva dzakawanda kuti pave Russian tsika, zvose zviri dzisingaverengeki. Akavhura kuratidzira, mamiziyamu, Concerts vakapiwa, uye zvakawanda. MuMoscow chitoro "Spring" akasikwa, izvo vakatengesa zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa Talashkino okudhindira. House Tenisheva muna Talashkino nguva dzose izere vakakurumbira. Pano kunyange anouya Sergei Diaghilev. Somugumisiro of 1905 chimurenga Talashkino zvitoro dzakavharika, muchindakadzi hakuchina mari "World of Art" magazini, uye iyewo ari kuvharwa. Maria Klavdievna, achitora muunganidzwa wake anokosha, akatumira Paris uye akarongeka ane pashoo. Kurarama guru French, ichiri tichiita enamel unyanzvi. Muna 1907, akadzokera Russia, iye anodzidza kuti akanga paakavapa musoro honorary mugari Smolensk. Muna 1912 Tenishev Museum waikudzwa nevanhu rokuenda Kesari Vose Russia Nicholas II.

chokutanga World

Muna 1914, pamwe pakutanga hondo, yakavhurwa Smolensk chipatara zvechiuto. Maria Klvdievna haagoni kuramba hanya, uye iye anoshanda mairi, uye anoshumira motokari kutakura vakakuvadzwa. Nicholas II anouya kuchipatara kukwazisa uye mubayiro varwi. Emperor akarumbidza Princess uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye akamutenda basa naye kumusha. In 1915-1916. Tenisheva ari kushanda ari chinyorwa chake uye vadzivirire nayo. The October Revolution Nzira. The upenyu nemagariro munyika yaita chando uye Tenisheva kutarisana mwoyo. Ipapo October, uye iye akaenda rimwe boka revanhu vaiva kutizira rwezasi nyika, apo akayambuka kuFrance, uko iye akararama kusvikira 1928.

epilogue

In duku imba yake unodziya akatanga kushanyira vakawanda vakakurumbira Artists. Panguva iyi, akatanga kushanda kwake bhuku, wakange ataurwa pakutanga kwenyaya ino. Princess Tenisheva akafa muna 1928 vari nhapwa, asi guta rake kufarira. Aisambonditenda akaona Mudiwa wake Mother Russia zvakare. imba yake Parisian rinonzi Talashkino diki.