Mountain vaJudha: kare, vanogara, tsika. Caucasian marudzi

Pakati zvakawanda vazukuru zvebhaibheri tateguru Abrahamu navanakomana vake, Isaka uye Jakobho ari muboka chaiye boka revaJudha Sub-dzinza kubvira makarekare vakanga vagara munzvimbo Caucasus uye rinonzi Mountain vaJudha. Decorations zita rayo dzakaitika, vari kunyanya ikozvino vakasiya paichimbova yake yaanogara, Vakazopinda muIsraeri, America, Western Europe uye Russia.

Replenishment avanhu kuCaucasus

Tanga pakuonekwa yemadzinza yechiJudha, pakati vanhu Caucasus Vatsvakurudzi vanotaura inokosha maviri munhoroondo vaIsraeri nguva - kutapwa reAsiriya (VIII remakore BC ..) Uye kuBhabhironi yokuvamba mazana maviri gare gare. Kutiza kubva kusingadzivisiki kukundwa, zvizvarwa vamarudzi vaSimioni - mumwe wevanakomana gumi navaviri zvebhaibheri watateguru Jakobho - Manase munin'ina wake vakagara kutanga pamusoro munharaunda Dagestan uye Azerbaijan, uye kubva ipapo rakapararira eCaucasus.

Nechekare panguva yakazotevera nhoroondo nguva (BC. E. anenge V remakore) Mountain vaJudha kuzviita achibva Caucasus Persian. Chikonzero kuti vakasiya wokutanga inogarwa nharaunda, vaivawo haana-kuzviuraya hondo dzokukunda.

Uine vatama akauya mhando itsva kumba Judeo-Tat, rinoreva imwe hofisi mitauro kwakadziva kumadokero Jewish-Iranian. Hazvifaniri Zvisinei, kuvhiringidzwa vokuGeorgia vaJudha gomo. Kana commonality pakati zvitendero, pane zvinokosha kusiyana mutauro netsika.

Khazar Jewish Khanate

VaJudha Mountain kunge akaisa chiJudha muna Khazar Khaganate - simba Ages rinoti, kudzora ndima kubva Ciscaucasia kusvika Dnieper, kusanganisira Lower uye Middle Volga nharaunda, chikamu kuCrimea uye inowanzorimwa kumatunhu Eastern Europe. Pasi pokudzora pavanaRabhi, kodzero vanotama enyika vepamusoro of Khazars vakawanda vakatanga mutemo muprofita Mosesi.

Somugumisiro, hurumende yekudyidzana akasimbisa nokuda kubatana vanokwanisa vomunharaunda ngwizhingwi madzinza uye zvokutengeserana uye mamiriro ezveupfumi, dzaiva kwazvo vaJudha mupfumi Ndivanaani akabatanidza mariri. Zvino akatendeukira kunze kuti zvichienderana vanoverengeka Eastern necheSalvic dzavanhu.

Basa Khazar vaJudha hondo vakundi vechiArabhu

Mountain vaJudha Khazars vaiva rubatsiro zvikuru mukurwisa Arab kuwedzera muna VIII remakore. Pamusana kwavari, akakwanisa kuderedza zvikuru nharaunda akatapwa veuto Abu vaMuslim uye Marwan, moto uye munondo kubvisa zviri Khazars pamusoro Volga, uyewo nechisimba Islamized nevanhu vari munzvimbo inogarwa.

Kubudirira kwake nevarwi navaArabhu vari chete vanosungirwa munyika yaimuka pakati Khanate vatongi. Sezvo zvinowanzoitwa munhau, izvozvo mumatongo dzavo vachizvipa ruchiva simba uye pachake chinzvimbo. Hand-akanyorwa zvinyorwa nguva Rondedzera Somuenzaniso, pamusoro kurwisa nezvombo rakamuka pakati vatsigiri Chief Rabbi Yitzhak Kundishkana uye vakakurumbira Khazar warlord Samsama. Kunze rakavhurika kurwisana, zvichiita wandei kukuvara mativi ose, mukati kosi vaiva zvatinosiita Muzviitiko zvakadaro, yemichato - pfumbamuromo, makuhwa uye dare wezvakashata.

Mugumo Khazar Khanate akauya 965 apo Russian muchinda Svyatoslav, uyo aikwanisa kuwana pamusoro Georgians, Pechenegs, uye Khorezm uye Byzantium, akakunda Khazars. Under bara ake yarova Mountain vaJudha Dagestan, sezvo kukupfura akabatwa muchinda uye guta Samandar.

Panguva Mongol nechisimba

Asi mutauro wechiHebheru emakore mashoma wakaridza pakachena dzezvimwe ose Dagestan uye muBosnia, muChechnya, apo muna 1223 ari eMongolia rinotungamirirwa Batu Khan, uye muna 1396 - Tamerlane, kwete kuvaparadza vose vechiJudha Diaspora. Vakasara izvi zvinotyisa Kurwisa, dzakamanikidzwa exchange kuna Islam uye kusiya zvachose mutauro yemadzitateguru avo.

Full yenhoroondo uye nhoroondo Mountain vaJudha vaigara pamusoro munharaunda kuchamhembe Azerbaijan. Muna 1741, ivo vakarwiswa Arab nemauto rinotungamirirwa Nadir Shah. Hazvina kuva dzinouraya rudzi rwose, asi sezvo chero nechisimba nechisimba zvakakonzera kutambura kusingatauriki.

Rwakapetwa akava nhovo munzanga yechiJudha

Zviitiko izvi zvinoratidzwa muna ngano. Nanhasi, izvozvo akachengeta ngano sei Ishe pachake akamiririra vanhu vakasarudzwa. Nyaya anoenda kuti rimwe zuva, Nadir Shah akaputsa kupinda rimwe remasinagoge panguva kuverenga tsvene Torah uye vakarayira kuti vaJudha chipo kurega kutenda kwavo uye exchange kuna Islam.

Kunzwa rebuffed, iye akavheyesa munondo wake yakakanda rabhi. Iye anongozvarwa amutsa pamusoro wechipiriso Torah rwakapetwa - uye kurwisana simbi vakaramba ikoko, asingakwanisi kucheka yekare yematehwe. kutya kukuru ndokuwira anomhura, akasimudza ruoko rwake kuti temberi. Iye nekuitirwa akatiza uye akarayira kuramba kumisa kutambudzwa wavaJudha.

Makore kukunda Caucasus

Zvose vaJudha Caucasus uye gomo kusanganisira, akatambudzika havangaverengwi Kurasikirwa panguva hondo pamwe Gracious (1834-1859 gg.), Kuti aite kumanikidzwa Islamization nzvimbo huru. Muenzaniso zviitiko kuti paita vari Andean mumupata apo ruzhinji vagari vanosarudza rufu kurambwa zvechiJudha, unogona kugadzira pfungwa mukuru mumutambo vakaridza kubva ipapo.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti nhengo dzakawanda nenzanga Mountain vaJudha akapararira Caucasus, vaiita bata, zvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana. Zvakakwana nokuziva mutauro uye tsika marudzi akapoteredza, uye tikatevedzera navo nguo yokubikira, vakararama havana nezvairehwa navo, asi nokuomerera kuchiJudha, kuchengetedza yemubatanidzwa.

With Link ichi unobatanidza navo, kana, sezvo zvino netsika kutaura "chibatiso kuti womudzimu," uye akatungamirira shingirira hondo Gracious. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva akamanikidzwa zvauri kupomerwa, sezvo mauto ake, ari kugara pakupisa kundorwa hondo kweuto Russian vaida rubatsiro unyanzvi varapi vaJudha. Uyezve, zviri vaJudha akagovera varwi zvokudya uye vose anodiwa zvinhu.

Apo tinoziva kubva yaMakoronike nguva, mauto eRussia akakunda Caucasus kuti asimbise ikoko hurumende, usamanikidza vaJudha, asi haana anoshandura kwavari chinenge hapana rubatsiro. Kana vose vakatendeukira kuraira zvikumbiro zvakadaro, isu akazosangana, sezvo mutemo, hanya akarambwa.

In basa Russian chamber

Zvisinei, muna 1851, akagadzwa kuva mutungamiri Prince A. I. Boryatinsky akasarudza kushandisa Mountain VaJudha hondo pamwe Gracious uye zvakasikwa kwavari vari zvikuru ramified samambure nevasori, kupa naye mashoko pamusoro nzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto uye kufamba wamapoka muvengi. In basa iri, ivo zvachose akatsiva Dagestan venhema uye uori vasori.

Maererano Russian mudonzvo navatariri, chikuru zvaiva Mountain vaJudha vaiva noushingi, akadzikama, manomano, kungwarira uye unyanzvi kubata muvengi takarivara. Vakapiwa ehupfumi izvi, kubvira 1853 ari vamabhiza, uyo akarwa kuCaucasus, kwakasarudzwa kuti kwete zvishoma pane makomo makumi matanhatu-vechiJudha uye nokufamba nhamba yakasvika mapfumbamwe vanhu.

Achibhandara mutero heroism of Mountain vaJudha dzavo mupiro kukunda kuCaucasus, pashure pehondo, vakanga asingachaiti mitero kwenguva makore makumi maviri, uye akawana kodzero kufamba zvakasununguka panyika yose Russia.

Matambudziko ari Civil War

Zviri zvakaoma ava makore Civil War. Nesimba uye enterprising, Mountain vaJudha zvikurukuru inoraswa mari kuti yezvisikwa nyonganyonga uye mutemo mumamiriro ezvinhu akavaita chinodiwa zvaakatapa makororo nezvombo. Saka, shure muna 1917 kusvika zvachose dzichapambwa munharaunda vaigara Grozny uye Khasavyurt, papera gore, zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa vaJudha Nalchik.

Vazhinji Mountain vaJudha vakaurayiwa hondo pamwe makororo, apo ivo vakarwa parutivi vamiririri nevamwe Caucasian marudzi. Zvinosuruvarisa anoyeuka Somuenzaniso, zvakaitika 1918, apo, pamwe Daghestanians vaifanira dzinga kwacho squads Ataman Serebryakov - mumwe dzepedyo shamwari General Kornilov. Panguva hondo refu uye hasha imwe, vazhinji vavo vakaurayiwa, uye vaya vakanga mukana wokupona, pamwe dzavo nokusingaperi akasiya Caucasus kutamira Russia.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II

Panguva Great Patriotic War, mazita Mountain vaJudha kakawanda nezvazvo pakati magamba anokudza chemhando mamiriro mibayiro. Chikonzero kuti vakashumira ushingi hwavo udyire uye heroism pakurwisa muvengi. Avo vakange akatendeuka ari dzatorwa, vakawanda vavo vakava vakaurayiwa nevaNazi. Munhoroondo weHolocaust rakasvika nenjodzi muna 1942 mumusha Bogdanovka Smolensk nharaunda, apo vanhu vokuGermany vakawanda kuuraya vaJudha rakanga ramiswa, vakawanda vacho vari kubva eCaucasus.

General ruzivo pamusoro nhamba yevanhu, tsika dzayo uye mutauro

Pari uwandu Mountain yevaJudha vanenge zana namakumi mashanu zviuru vanhu. Izvi, maererano achangopfuura data, chimwe nemazana vachirarama muIsraeri, makumi maviri nezviviri - mu Russia, sezvo zvikuru muna US, uye vamwe akaparadzirwa pakati kunyika Western Europe. A shoma kwavo kuri muna muAzerbaijan.

Mountain vaJudha MuchiHebheru iri kusvika kunze kushandiswa, uye akapa nzira kuna tumitauro vanhu pakati pavo kurarama nhasi. Vose National tsika akaramba zvikuru. Zviri nani kunzwisisa vasanganise tsika dzechiJudha uye Caucasian.

Impact pamusoro tsika vamwe vanhu Caucasus vechiJudha

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kwese kana vangadai kugadzirisa, vakakurumidza vakatanga zvifanane vomunzvimbo, kutora tsika dzavo, kupfeka uye kunyange mukicheni, asi aigara nokutendeka chitendero chavo. ChiJudha kuti akabvumira vaJudha vose, uye Mountain, kusanganisira, kwemazana emakore kuramba rumwe.

Uye kuti zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Kunyange nhasi, kuCaucasus, kusanganisira ayo mativi hwokuchamhembe nehwokumaodzanyemba, pane mapoka emadzinza anenge makumi matanhatu namaviri. Kana kare emakore, maererano vaongorori, nhamba yavo yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, pakati pemamwe marudzi mukuru kukanganisa tsika (kwete chitendero) of Mountain vaJudha Abkhazians, vaAvar, Ossetians, Dagestani uye Chechens.

Mazita Mountain vaJudha

Nhasi, pamwe nehama dzake dzose nokutenda mupiro huru tsika nyika uye upfumi kunge akaita uye Mountain vaJudha. Mazita akawanda vavo yaizivikanwa kwete chete munyika nekwavanogara, asiwo mhiri. Somuenzaniso, inozivikanwa bhenga Abramov Rafael Yakovlevich uye mwanakomana wake - vakakurumbira muzvinabhizimisi Ian Rafaelevich, Israeli munyori uye mabhuku mufananidzo Eldar Gurshumov, muvezi, munyori ari shongwe kune Unknown Soldier uye Kremlin rusvingo Juno Ruvimovich muranda, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Kana Nezvekwakabva mazita Mountain vaJudha vakawanda vavo akazviratidza kudoka - yechipiri hafu kana pakuguma XIX remakore, apo Caucasus pakupedzisira yakatora kuna Russian Empire. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pakati Mountain vaJudha havana kushandiswa, mumwe nomumwe wavo zvakakwana kurapwa chete nezita raro.

Pavakava Vagari Russia, mumwe nomumwe akagamuchira gwaro umo mukuru aifanira kupa zita. Kazhinji, zita rababa akawedzera Russian nemagumo "s" kana munhukadzi "Peninsula". Somuenzaniso: Ashurov - mwanakomana Ashur, kana Shaulova - mwanasikana waSauro. Zvisinei, paiva kunze. Just nenzira, Yakaumbwa ruzhinji mazita Russian: Ivanova - mwanakomana Ivan Petrov - mwanasikana Petro, uye zvichingodaro.

Metropolitan Life Mountain vaJudha

The nenzanga Mountain vaJudha muMoscow ndiye pakukura Russia uye, maererano vamwe, vanhu vanenge gumi nezviviri. Yokutanga vatama kubva Caucasus akauya pano pamberi chimurenga. Yaiva mupfumi mushambadzi mhuri uye Khanukaev Dadashov, vakagamuchira zvakanaka rusununguko kutengeserana. Zvizvarwa zvavo kurarama nhasi pano.

Misa yokutama Mugomo vaJudha guru kuonekwa munguva disintegration of USSR. Vamwe vavo nokusingaperi vakasiya nyika, uye vaya vakanga vasingadi akanyatsosiyana achinje mararamiro, vaifarira kugara muguta guru. Nhasi, munharaunda yavo ine vanoitisana anotsigira musinagoge kwete chete Moscow asiwo mamwe maguta. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti, maererano nemagazini Forbes, pakati zana vakapfuma vanhu vokuRussia, zvina VaJudha gomo kugara guru kutaurwa.