Konstantin Makovsky: upenyu uye basa the artist. Konstantin Makovsky: yakanakisisa mufananidzo, Biography

Biography kuti mifananidzo Makovskogo Konstantina nhasi akavhiringidzwa mukoma wake guru Vladimir - anozivikanwa mumiririri vadzungairi. Zvisinei, Constantine akaita avasakadza mu unyanzvi ari chakakomba, yakazvimirira rokupenda.

mhuri Makovsky

Anonziwo Makovsky zvinozivikanwa munyika Russian unyanzvi. Baba Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky aiva akakurumbira hwemashiripiti muna Moscow, imwe mudzidzi rokupenda. Vakaronga "wenguva pamwero chikoro 'vemifananidzo vaizova kunzi Moscow School of Painting.

Mhuri hwagara akatonga rokusika mweya hazvishamisi kuti vana vose vatatu Yegor Ivanovich vakava Painters. The imba dzaiwanzoshanyira shamwari yababa vake - Painters Karl Bryullov uye Vasily Tropinin, kusangana pano anogona uye munyori Gogol, mutambi Shchepkin, Glinka munyori. Mhuri iri kuramba vakaronga manheru chaiko uye mimhanzi, nenharo pamusoro muri vaiva. izvi zvose kukanganiswa paumbwe vana. Adult Konstantin Makovsky akati kuti kubudirira kwake painting, anosungwa chete kuna baba vake, ivo akakwanisa kugadzirisa kwake ineradicable rudo ounyanzvi.

Mhuri vaiva nevana vatatu, mwanakomana mukuru Constantine, mwanasikana Alexander muduku - Vladimir. Pfuma mumhuri aizvininipisa, asi akatonga mweya uri zvakazara ndanyarara hangu vose nechinouya.

Constantine aiva muduku

Kubvira pauduku, Konstantin Makovsky akabhabhatidzwa muna uri Chokwadi, haana kuziva zvimwe upenyu, uye yaaizofanira kusarudza nzira the artist. Vose vana mumhuri mangwanani chaizvo yakatanga kuzochera.

Kostya, sezvo mwana wokutanga wemhuri, akatanga nokutaura kuti akanga pedyo baba vake neshamwari dzake vakati nezvokuzivikanwa mifananidzo uye zvirongwa zvavo, yokunyora nokudhirowa uye mifananidzo akaratidza. izvi zvose akaumba aesthetic maonero uye zvinofarirwa mukomana.

kuwana ndege

Muna 1851, Konstantin Makovsky anopinda chikoro rababa kuti kupenda, chivezwa uye mapurani. zvevapi vamazano ake kwakanga - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Pano, mumakore manomwe mukomana vakaumba Artist ake, yepakutanga maonero enyika uye akamudzidzisa zvinokosha hwezvaizoitika art.

Kuchikoro aiva mudzidzi wokutanga akagashira zvose zvinobvira mibayiro. Muna 1858 Konstantin akapinda Academy of Arts muSt Petersburg - yakanakisisa rokudzidzisa urongwa mumunda uri Russian Empire. Paaiita zvidzidzo zvake, iye aigara akaratidza basa rake panguva wepagore kwemasimba Academy, uye kunyange akapiwa menduru yegoridhe basa rake "The vaishandira anoedzesera Dmitri auraye mwanakomana Borisa Godunova."

Muna 1862 Makovsky anotanga kutsvaka nzira iri mifananidzo, sezvo academicism zvaiita hakunakidzi uye yechinyakare.

Nzira unyanzvi

Konstantin Makovsky (mifananidzo, Biography womufananidzo vari munyaya ino) ari kutsvaka ndeake, anoda kuratidza nyika yake yomukati. Muna 1863 iye, pamwe nemamwe Artists gumi nenhatu vakasarudzwa kuti ndiitewo makwikwi nokuda Grand Gold menduru of Academy of Arts, anoramba kunyora pamusoro, utverzhdennnuyu renyanzvi.

Aifanira kusiya chikoro, uye Makovsky uye vasingagoni kuwana chitupa dzidzo. chiitiko ichi chakazozivikanwa se "kumukira gumi". The ratidziro yaiva yokuti vemifananidzo vaida rusununguko kunyora uye kushanda akasununguka dingindira, asi Academy haana kuda kubuda kuti vasangane navo. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva kumukira pamusoro nezvisungo academicism uye chiratidzo ane chikoro chitsva zvichiitika pamusoro realism, umo Konstantin Makovsky achava kutamba basa rinokosha.

Muna 1863, nyanzvi yokudhirowa anobatana boka I. Archaeology uye anoshanda ari zvichiitika Genre kuti Genre kupenda. Muna 1870 Makovsky akava mumwe initiators uye pfungwa inspirers kuti kusika Association vatariri vemifananidzo uye basa rakawanda, achirondedzera mifananidzo dzoupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Iye akaratidza basa zvose pamusoro zvedzidzo kuratidzira, uye pamwe chete vadzungairi. Muna 80-ies Makovsky kuri dzakakurumbira chaizvo munyori Salon Portraits uye mifananidzo Nhoroondo nyaya. Muna 1889 iye akapiwa menduru yegoridhe pa unyanzvi inoratidzirwa muParis kuti dzakatevedzana mabasa.

Makovsky chinhu brushes vakanga nhoroondo mifananidzo, upenyu vanhu, upenyu. Norudo uye ethnographic kururama anonyora zvokupfeka uye pakaitika vanotaurwa. Mukupera 80-ies womufananidzo iri kuramba kumutumbi nhoroondo nyaya, anonyora uwane mufananidzo Somuenzaniso, "Boyarsky muchato mutambo XVII remakore", iro akabudirira zvikuru pamwe kuruzhinji uye nevatsoropodzi. Pavakanga zvikasikwa Portraits zhinji vanhu siyana.

The unyanzvi nhaka Konstantin Makovsky ane anenge zana mifananidzo, vazhinji vavo vari guru, refu yakakura (nhasi vakapararira munzvimbo private uye miziyamu kuunganidza zvose pamusoro nyika). Uyezve, aiitawo pamasikiro Cathedral Kristu Muponesi muMoscow.

nemuteresi

Konstantin Makovsky, vane mifananidzo zvino chinhu pfungwa vateresi, aiva muteresi mukuru. chido ichi iye nhaka kubva baba vake, avo vaida zvakasiyana-siyana uri zvinhu uye Antiques.

Pfungwa mutero yakanga akagadzira by the artist mumashoko: ". Akanaka ekare ' Akatakurirwa nhoroondo vanotongwa, akaunganidza midziyo siyana uye midziyo, zvokupfeka, uye zvose mwoyo kune rakanatswa manakiro womufananidzo.

Munguva entrainment murimi mudiki dingindira, Makovsky anga akaenda Russian kudunhu, kutenga zvemumba uye zvipfeko. Rwendo vokuMabvazuva Wedzera dzakaunganidzwa vakawanda dzokuMabvazuva zvemumba, rugs, zvishongo uye zvokupfeka. Somugumisiro, nokuti 80 gore fung womufananidzo mupanda zvakanga zvakawanda sezvinoita miziyamu pane ugaro kwevanhu.

Anoramba mari kazhinji sehwaro pakusika mifananidzo. Saka, muna "Boyarsky muchato mutambo XVII remakore", vatsoropodzi ona masanga miniti mashoko vane nhoroondo zvokupfeka uye midziyo yacho kumwedzi. By pakutanga XX remakore. Makovsky aiva chimwe chezvisarudzo vateresi Russia, uye basa rake kwakaita kuti fashoni rokuchera craze pakati bohemians uye bourgeoisie.

Konstantin Egorovich akanga kudada muunganidzwa wake, nomufaro wakuratidzai, uye akapa zvinhu kuratidzira zvakasiyana. Pashure porufu rwake, zvakanga rakarongwa okisheni, vakaisa 1100 zvinhu, zvokuti chirikadzi akaponeswa pamusoro hafu yemiriyoni rubles, uye zvinhu vakaenda kuunganidza vanhu uye mamiziyamu. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa gungano kuvimbika nokuti hausi, uye basa kwenguva refu Makovsky akaenda zvidimbu.

yakanakisisa basa

Konstantin Makovsky, zvakanakisisa mifananidzo, Biography, iro rine asi kuti vave chinhu nokudzidza uri, akasiya nhaka huru. Pakati ake mabasa dzakakurumbira vari: "The Death Ivana Groznogo", "Mabiko Boyar Morozova", "Bulgarian kutenda", "Minin panguva Nizhny Novgorod Fair", ". Mwenga sarudzo chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich"

The private upenyu womufananidzo

Konstantin Makovsky aifamba chaizvo, akararama kwenguva yakati muParis, kushanyira matatu Africa, uye izvi zvose makapfumiswa basa rake, apo unogona kuwana zviri nascent modernism. Nokuti unyanzvi dhigirii Makovsky akanga paakavapa ari Legion Kukudzwa uye St. Anne.

The Artist akanga akaroora katatu. Mudzimai wake wokutanga akafa tibhii, uye wechipiri akarambwa. All akanga vana vapfumbamwe, izvo pane vemifananidzo uye vashandi nemagariro.

September 30 New Style 1915 chitima akagogodza munhu - saka kumhanya nenzira yaro, Konstantin Makovsky. The upenyu uye basa yokudhirowa yakaramba munhoroondo Russian kupenda sechinhu chinokosha peji wokuva realism.