Environmental Ethics: pfungwa, zvinhu zvinotaurwa, matambudziko

Muzana XXI remakore nyaya ukama pakati murume uye hunhu, akasimuka kunyanya rinooneka. Too zvakadai achirova inokosha kuti apone yepasi kuti kuita, sezvo hurumende iri ozone layer tembiricha yomugungwa mvura, mwero chando utsotso, vanobudisa kutsakatika mhuka, shiri, hove uye nezvipembenene.

Mupfungwa tsitsi uye yakabudirira vanhu vakatanga kuonekwa pfungwa kudiwa nounhu hwakadai sokururamisira kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutanga kuva mukanyiwa. Kana ichi basa kuitika pose, nokusingaperi aizogona kuchinja mutengi maonero vanhu zvavari Kudyidzana.

The chidzoke kwezvakatipoteredza tsika

Apo 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, zvakatipoteredza dambudziko iri chete kutanga, masayendisiti ari West wakaita kwaari kusikwa kurangwa nesayenzi, kwezvakatipoteredza magariro. The kukonzera zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza, maererano vanachiremba akadai J. Pearce, D. Kozlowski, J. Tinbergen nevamwe - kuti kutarisira dzimwe pavaipfuura kukura upenyu panyika se kushaya kutaurirana pakati murume uye hunhu zvizere.

Kana pakutanga nzira vanhu vakanzwisisa zvisikwa ave kuratidzwa kwesimba raMwari iro kunobva upenyu yebudiriro, pamwechete kukura sayenzi uye maindasitiri kuyemurwa uchenjeri uye kuwirirana hwenyika akasvimha nemakaro.

Ndokusaka varongi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti hazvibviri kuti funga aripo matambudziko voga kubva kudzidza tsika uye netsika munhu. Chete midzi vanhu kuona kuti havasi korona zvakasikwa, uye ayo pasi zvoutachiona uye simba chikamu kunogona configured pakati pavo Anobvumirana ukama.

Zvinonzi mubasa chirango ichi dzesayenzi sezvo dzezvakatipoteredza tsika. Kukurudzira tsika dzayo mupfungwa vanhu vakawanda vanogona qualitatively kushandura upenyu panyika.

Zvinokosha Environmental Ethics

Zvichida ichi ndicho chimwe nokusimbisa chokwadi kuti zvose munhoroondo Pasi ndiro cyclical, uye zivo ane murume ano, vakanga nechakare munhu anyangarika nebudiriro, asi masayendisiti vakadzokera kamwe zvakare kuti midzi uchenjeri yekare.

Vazivi vakararama zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, vaiziva kuti Cosmos, zvose zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu zvinhu munyika, zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwi, ndiyo rakabatana simba hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, uchenjeri uyu aiita yekare Indian dzidziso.

Mumazuva iwayo nyika yakanga isiri hunyambiri, kuti rakakamurwa hunhu uye murume, uye ibasa. Panguva iyoyowo vanhu collaborated naye, takadzidza uye ainyatsoziva dzakasiyana-siyana zvakasikwa. Vernadsky yakatanga dzidziso pamusoro biosphere uye noosphere kunobva pakuti pezvakasikwa, hunhu uye mhuka anoumbwa vari kukurukurirana inoenderana nemashoko munhu noruremekedzo zvizere nokuda hwavamwe. Misimboti iyi akaumba Achishandisa nesimba idzva.

Uyewo, zviri vaiona dzidziso Schweitzer kuzvipira yevanhu vapenyu vose uye dzayo basa kuti ndichengetedze mwero uye kuwirirana mune zvakasikwa. Environmental nezvetsika uye tsika vanhu kuva vakabatana uye chakabatikana kuda kuva uye kwete kuva. Kuti aite izvi, vanhu vanofanira kusiya dzidziso pamusoro rinodyiwa.

Nezvinodzidziswa zvezvakatipoteredza tsika

A guru basa kuchinja maonero pamusoro matambudziko anoshandiswa ikoroji basa vairidza Club of Rome. Mumakore kota remakore rechimakumi maviri ari inotevera mushumo kuna Club of Rome A. Peccei mutungamiri wayo wokutanga akazivisa chinhu chakadai zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika. Chirongwa yave chokuita kukura munhu Humanism idzva, izvo zvinosanganisira basa rimwe kuchinja zvachose kuziva kwevanhu.

Dzinokosha itsva pfungwa dzakanga akagadzira pagungano remarudzi musangano muSeoul muna 1997. The chikuru nyaya hurukuro ndechokuti hazviiti mberi kudzorerwa mararamiro munyika yakadaro Kuwedzera hwevanhu uye kudyiwa zviwanikwa.

The Kuzivisa wokurera ari musangano hunoratidza ukama pakati nezvakatipoteredza crisis nemagariro zvakanaka vanhu munyika dzakawanda. Apo upenyu huzere vagari ane zvose magariro, zvinhu uye zvemupiro mararamiro kutyisidzira zvomudzimu haana kuchengetwa.

Mhedziso iyi musangano waiva kudanwa kuti kwehumunhu rinopindirana kukura dzose umo mitemo zvose chinangwa kuchengetedza zvakasikwa uye kuremekedza kwake uye upenyu zvavo. Mumakore mashoma apfuura vasina aiswa chiito paumbwe zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika, sezvo pfungwa iyi haisi vakauya akazivikanwa vanhu vose.

Murairo zvakasikwa uye vanhu

mutemo uyu anoti hazvibviri kuti zvinopindirana coexistence kuti kukura nokukurumidza budiriro kwevanhu kwakavakirwa kuparadzwa, uye Kuchengetedzwa rwokuzvarwa nomwero. Kuwedzera zvinodiwa nevanhu vari akasangana ne nyika kuti zvinhu. Plant upenyu nemhuka panjodzi.

Kuchinja izvi zvinogoneka chete pamwe vasanyanye waishandiswa vanoparadza zviwanikwa uye vanhu vachinje pfungwa kuti upfumi yomudzimu, umo inova chokutanga kukosheswa kunze kwenyika.

Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira kuti kwezvakatipoteredza nezvetsika matambudziko zvinogona kugadziriswa Akaroromesawo pakuberekwa mwero kunyanya dzine vakawanda kumatunhu panyika. Murayiro wokutanga sayenzi iyi - ukama nechisikirwo sechinhu chipenyu pasi vanoda rudo uye hanya.

Mamiriro kuvapo biosphere

Mukuru zvimiso kuvapo biosphere iri kwayo kugara siyana, izvo hazvibviri nekushandisa mari dzose, sezvo ivo kana regai kupora zvachose, kana zvinotora nguva yakawanda.

Sezvo kukura nyika ipi tsika yaro siyana uye hunova rwokuzvarwa kusiyana vakaramba, kuderera yebudiriro kusingadzivisiki pasina muripo uyu pachiyero. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona chete kuva rutapudzo mabasa evanhu panyaya kudyiwa zviwanikwa.

Murayiro wechipiri kunoda kwakapararira rairambidzwa mabasa evanhu uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakasikwa kuti aporese pacharo. Panguva iyoyo munyika dzese nyika inofanira kutora yokubatana kuita kuti ndichengetedze zviwanikwa uye pakusika zvimwe chakagadzirwa dzinongoitika zvinhu zvipenyu.

Law Commoner

mutemo uyu inosimbisa pfungwa yokuti zvisikwa anoramba zvinhu wokumwe kwaari. Kunyange zvingava pasi munyonganyonga, izvi pamwe kuparadzwa nemagariro kwezvakatipoteredza. Haikwanise kutanga nomuzvarirwo, sezvo vapenyu zvose uye nonliving dyidzana mukati maro. Kunyangarika rimwe rudzi inosvitsa kuparadzwa mamwe chokuita gadziriro.

Kuchengetedza hurongwa uyewo kuchaitwa entropy, zvinokwanisika chete ane musoro kudyiwa yepasi kuti zvinhu mukati simba zvinodiwa vanhu uye tichikwanisa zvakasikwa. Kana vanhu kutora kupfuura nyika anogona kubereka, kurumidza dambudziko.

Murayiro wechitatu, iyo anoratidza ano kwezvakatipoteredza nezvetsika - vanhu vanofanira kusiya kudyiwa zvinhu kupfuura zvakafanira kupona. Nokuti sainzi ichi zvigadziriswe zvinofanira kukudziridzwa kuti anogona waidzora ukama pakati vanhu uye zvisikwa.

Law Reimers

Hunokosha kudiwa zvose marudzi kurarama panyika iri kunangana kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. The yakanakisisa chingaitwa kuzadziswa ichi muupenyu kuti kusika dongo isina kugadzirwa chero indasitiri, asi murairo unoti Reimers, pane nguva dzose kurutivi mugumisiro anthropogenic kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza.

Kubva pakusikwa zvachose dongo isina kugadzirwa hazvibviri, nzira bedzi yokubuda ezvinhu anogona kuchapararira mufambiro greening upfumi. To ichi anofanira akasikwa kubudikidza socio-zvoupfumi miviri, ichipa unyanzvi pakuvaka kugadzirwa zvivako kana refurbishing.

Kunaka zvakasikwa zvinogona zvichengetwe chete kana munyika dzose mushandirapamwe uchiwirirana kwezvakatipoteredza dzemunharaunda mukushanda uye kutarisirwa kwezvinhu.

Murayiro wechina rinoreva matambudziko eco masangano, Namachinda Government, enyika uye simba maumbirwo vanhu vanotora zvisarudzo pamusoro vanoparadza zviwanikwa.

kushandiswa nevanhu zviwanikwa

Munhoroondo yevanhu kunogona kurondwa kusvikira pedyo ukama pakati kushandisa zviwanikwa vevanhu uye kuvandudza upenyu hwavo.

Kana vanhu vokutanga vaiva mugutsikane mumapako, pachoto vabatwa uye vakaurayiwa kuzodya, ipapo vambogara mufambiro roupenyu zvavanoda zvakawedzera. Pane chikonzero kutema masango dzimba kana Kuwedzera arable nyika nzvimbo. More - zvakawanda.

mamiriro ezvinhu nhasi anonzi mukana mutengo overruns nyika yacho zviwanikwa, uye mutsara hapana kudzokera yapfuura padanho kare akapfuura. The chete yokugadzirisa zvingava kupedza zvinodiwa nevanhu kuti mari kushandisa zviwanikwa uye kutsausa pfungwa dzevanhu kune kubatana kwomudzimu pamwe yakapoteredza nyika.

Murayiro wechishanu rinoti kuti hunhu nemhuka Uchamiswa, kana vanhu anopinda vazviomesere chaiwo choupenyu.

Yetsika uye pfungwa dambudziko

Inokosha okuvapo kwevanhu inofanira kuva kutsanangura nzira yaro yemberi panyika pano.

Sezvo kuparadzwa mararamiro pasi simba kwete rikadzokera hwepakutanga, chete nzira kubva ezvinhu nhasi anogona kuva chisarudzo zviga kwezvakatipoteredza tsika enhaka nyika.

Asi kuti vadzivise dzokororo kuparadzwa zviwanikwa, nhungamiro idzi zvinofanira kuva chikamu tsika nerimwe munharaunda munyika. Sumo yavo kuziva vanhu anofanira mukati zvizvarwa shoma kuva ndozvakajairwa kuti zvizvarwa nokuziva kuti runako zvakasikwa uye richengetedzwe - ibasa ravo.

Izvi kunoda Environmental kudzidzisa vana tsika, kuti adzivirire dzakapoteredza nyika yakava zvomudzimu.

Zvidzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza tsika zvazova faniro nokuda pakuzadzisa yebudiriro. Ita nyore, chete kupinda kuranga muzvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti pose.

anthropocentrism

Pfungwa anthropocentrism chokuita nedzidziso kuti murume - vanova zvisikwa, uye zvose zvinhu uye zvakasikwa zviri zvakasikwa kuti avatonge.

pfungwa yakadaro kwemazana emakore zvakakonzera zvakatipoteredza dambudziko nhasi. Vazivi vekare angadaro aifunga kuti miti nemhuka havana manzwiro uye tiripo chete nokuda kugutsa vanhu zvinodiwa.

Kukunda yezvakaita vateveri pfungwa iyi, akachingamidza, uye izvi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatungamirira dambudziko pfungwa dzevanhu. kuzvidzora All pamusoro pesimba uye muchamanikidza - Ndivo misimboti chikuru anthropocentrism.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona chete kusimudza zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza tsika pakati vanhu venyika dzose. Zvichakubatsirawo kutora nguva, asi pamwe kukura mashoko michina muitiro kuchinja kuziva kunogona unosunamidzwa runotevera vanhu.

Neantropotsentrizm

The pfungwa iri neantropotsentrizma ibatane. biosphere nevanhu. The biosphere unonzi mupenyu rakazaruka gadziriro pachena kuti simba zvose kwokunze uye dzimwe zvinhu. Pfungwa kubatana haisi chete kufanana basa hwomunhu uye masero emhuka yakakwirira kana kuvabereki arufabheti, asi avo pasi mitemo mukuru Kugadzirwa biosphere.

Inotungamirwa kwezvakatipoteredza tsika

Chii chinombodiwa kuti kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu? Ecological nezvetsika sezvo kurangwa nesayenzi ane isakarurama vavariro yakabuda panguva kuchinja vanhu munyika noosphere ino. Kuti yezwi kwete afa, vanofanira kufunga zvinotevera pfungwa:

• Ose ugere panyika vanofanira kuziva mitemo biosphere kukura uye nzvimbo yaro mairi.
• Munyika yose, mitemo inofanira kutorwa ukama hwevanhu vane hunhu.
• Munhu wose anofanira kufunga runotevera.
• Mumwe rudzi anofanira kupedza zvinhu maererano chaihwo zvinodiwa.
• Quotas rinodyiwa pamusoro zviwanikwa vagara vandifungira kufungisisa ezvinhu neimwe nyika, pasinei enyika mamiriro ezvinhu ikoko.

With nzira iyi, chirimwa upenyu, mhuka uye vanhu vachava kukura zvinowirirana.

Changing mufananidzo wenyika

Kuti tiwane zvinodiwa mugumisiro nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, zvakakodzera kuchinja kuziva mumwe nomumwe mufananidzo wenyika. Zvinofanira kubatana kwete chete vanhu uye hunhu, asiwo pamwechete vanhu.

Maitiro kubvisa rudzi, chitendero kana magariro kusiyana achava mumwe migumisiro zvachinja pfungwa dzevanhu kuti configured kubatana pamwe yakapoteredza nyika.