Reserves World mapuranga. Country kuti kutungamirira matanda pfuma

Total matura matanda aikoshesa pana zvinoverengeka zviri uye chokukomborerwa masango pakavha, uye kukura mudondo nzvimbo namatanda reserves. Forest mari exhaustible asi renewable, sezvo inogona kushandiswa zvinangwa zvakasiyana.

Decoding waivako

Forest pabutiro zvinofungidzirwa ukuru ukama kune zvachose dondo nzvimbo mundima imwe nyika. Saka, munyika indekisi ichi vaitungamirira vari Finland, Sweden, Canada, Guinea, Mozambique, Russia. The zvachose dondo nharaunda anopfuura bhiriyoni 4 hectares, inova 30% yenyika. The nyika mutungamiri paminiti capita vemo wamatanda reserves - Russia: pano mumwe munhu nyaya inenge 3 hectares miti, apo munyika European mufananidzo uyu dzakaderera zvikuru - hectares 0.3 chete.

Izvozvo - chakanga

Mudondo nzvimbo munyika nerimwe gore iri kuderedzwa hectares anenge mamiriyoni 20, izvo zviri kukonzerwa dzakawanda kutema. Uye vazhinji matanda zvose kumorwa muLatin America uye Asia. Uye pano ari Nordic munyika ari kushingaira kushanda kudzorerwa uye kurima masango, zvichiita dondo nzvimbo isina shoma pano. Timber kwakachengetwa munyika akamiswa anenge mabhiriyoni 300. ^M3, uye Russia chinoita anenge 25% matanda huni.

Forest mari renewable, asi kana asina nokukurumidza kubata yecocoa, dondo reserves achava kuwedzera duku. Imwe nyika-mutungamiri namatanda mari - Zimbabwe, uko paminiti capita nyaya inenge 36 hectares nemasango. Asi munzvimbo dzinopisa uye kumaodzanyemba unozvidzora mapazi kuti mumwe munhu ave isingasviki hectare nemasango.

Sezvo Masvomhu dzinoitwa?

Forest pfuma - zviri musango reserves munyika, uyewo vasiri matanda tsika. Zviri nemhaka sango vane mukana wokugamuchira zvakasikwa mbishi mashoko maindasitiri mazhinji, mukuwedzera, dondo - ndiyo kwerunyararo ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu Nyika. Nokuda kuti dondo mari renewable, mumatanda pose yematanda chinogona nguva kukasawedzerwa, kuwedzera negoho avo zvinodiwa nomunhu.

Forest pfuma kupota nyika havasi zvakaenzana anoparadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope yo guru dondo pakavha, nepo Africa nhamba dererei zvikuru. Yakadereresa mwero dondo pakavha - munyika African, uye ndicho chikuru mwero - kuLatin America, Europe uye North America. Country Leader kwakachengetwa softwood - Russia: mugove nyika chinoita 88% kwemasango coniferous.

Zvinoumba kuparadzirwa masango munyika

Modern dondo rinokura munzvimbo dzakasiyana okunze dzinodengenyeka, nokudaro zvichienderana nzvimbo avo akasiyana howa sezvamunoita, mirai mamiriro, negoho, siyana zveupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza ukoshi. Yakawanda Europe inogarwa dondo mapazi vakadzikama zvikamu, uko masango boreal coniferous masango. In Central neSouth America, East Africa uye East Indies masango anogara achinaya hunodzorwa nezvavanodavira miti yakasvibira masango yakavhenganiswa. Mountain nzvimbo vanoonekwa ne wehunyambiri zonation, apo zvichienderana kukwira ichachinja kupisa uye mwando.

Kana Russia - a nyika-mutungamiri namatanda pfuma, munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope, vazhinji dondo watemwa. Somuenzaniso, kuEngland, Ireland, Netherlands, kunyanya repakati uye vaduku miti miti akasima artificially. Masango Coniferous zvichengetedzwe chete muna dzekuma Scandinavia, apo pane chakanaka dondo pakavha, hunodzorwa wakachena coniferous dzekuturika mikoko. Pakati Europe zvikurukuru kukura vanoondoroka, spruce, misipuresi, larch, uye dondo shoma yekudyidzana nokuda kuramba nokuveza mamita uye mombe.

Pakati kumatunhu Europe guru sango nzvimbo nyaya nokuda Nordic nyika. Pano vari dzichiitika 35,6% mumasango zvibereko uye 28.5% of zvachose ndiri huni. nharaunda iyi kunoratidzwa soro mwero dondo pechifukidziro.

In Asia uye Africa?

Vose kukura kugutsikana Asia - vanenge 1/5 of kondinendi. Pane kukura achinaya masango, coniferous uye Deciduous kudyara dzinodziya mapazi. Yakakura inogarwa taiga masango. KuMabvazuva, nharaunda hunomiririrwa kwemarudzi siyana zvinoera, endemics. Pane maturakiti kumaodzanyemba munzvimbo umo inowanzorimwa yaiteverwa pamwe nemiti diki. Mumakomo akapa taiga uye masango Deciduous. On mundima Masango Africa vanopiwawo anoparadzirwa vanoiswa. The zvachose dondo nzvimbo yacho inogona kupatsanurwa munzvimbo zvina: rwokumusoro - subtropical, kumadokero - dzinopisa, kumabvazuva - dzinopisa gomo nenyasi - subtropics.

North neSouth America

Masango North America ipi pamusoro chetatu kondinendi, vari kuchamhembe nokuda utsinye okunze kwemarudzi Zvinoumba muti shoma, uye avo vakaderera yauinayo. Forest nzvimbo dzinowanzotsigi- inomirirwa coniferous uye chezvinonhuwira Birch miti. Kurutivi rwezasi huru chikamu masango zvava rakasiyana, miti pachavo vari hunobudirira.

Chinenge hafu wenharaunda Latin America inogarwa dondo uswa ane predominance pakati Deciduous miti. Pamahombekombe ari Amazon ari mupfumi uye yekare floristic sezvamunoita. Mexico uye Netherlands Antilles vaiita kunyanya coniferous mumasango - kunyanya mupaini miti.

In Australia, kuwanda vakachengeta mumasango ari romumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno. Kune dzinenge 85% yendima inogarwa Eucalyptus miti.

Chii nerubatsiro liquidity?

A mvura matanda wemari - ndiye uwandu zvachose reserves matanda yecocoa, izvo zvakaenzana rose Vhoriyamu kumorwa matanda pasina nemakwati uye pemiti. Bhuku rino iri munzira dzakasiyana pachishandiswa zvakasiyana computational methodologies. Liquid matanda - zvokunyama ringaita kushandiswa panguva kukohwa. Panyaya iyi, mudzi hunde danda riri yepamusoro zvikuru.

Maitiro Zvikuru kutema muRussia uye munyika

Makore 60 apfuura pamusoro dondo chikamu Russia uye nyika yose zvayo, zvishoma yaizivikanwa. Pane mhando sezvamunoita nyore harina kudzidza. Paitonga Soviet muSoviet Union zvaionekwa kupfuura 500 mln. Ha, rakanga raitwa dondo zvakanaka. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva kwave kune kuperevedza huni munzvimbo yokutanga azvinoita yepamusoro sawlogs uye ukanyatsotarisisa matanda, izvo zvinowanikwa makuru zvikamu hunde. Ndokusaka dzakabudirira, assortments aya anoshandiswa kurima masango.

Mamwe tsvina musana uye huni kubudiswa mukadaro rakadzika kubudiswa mumaindasitiri siyana - gadzira huni pulp, pepa makadhibhokisi. Mumakore 80 huni shoma zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti rapanzvimbo dzakawanda remapuranga dzakakwirira. Uye kana dzakabudirira muEurope uye North America machechi exporters ose apedza zvigadzirwa zvakaitwa namatanda mune imwe nematanda nebepa, dzichiri kusimukira mukutarisana Asia, Africa, Latin America, kazhinji aina kumativi matanda. Panguva iyoyowo nyika idzi hunodzorwa mumwe-mativi kwokukara yedondo, zvokuti dondo nyika kuri kushoma uye zvishoma.

Pakazopera zana remakore rechimakumi maviri zvazova kuoneka kuitika kune multi-chinangwa kudzvinyirirwa nemasango, kunyanya munyika dzakabudirira uye dzine vanhu vakawanda munyika. Pamberi pavo aiva dambudziko kusika zviitiko raizoita kudzorera masango kuti chakabata kuvandudza upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika.

Kana Russia, pane vanenge 78% mumasango akaumbwa ezvokutengeserana kwemarudzi - vanoondoroka, spruce, misipuresi, larch, pomuouki, Birch. Uye pamwe pose, dondo zvinhu anoparadzirwa vanoiswa. The European Chikamu nezvokuvandudzika 17,06 chete% yedondo, apo kuSiberia uye kuFar East vari dzichiitika 82% mumasango. The yose Vhoriyamu dondo inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvitatu: wokutanga chinosanganisira anodzivirira yecocoa, wechipiri - yakatsvuka zvinhu, uye wechitatu - kuchengeterwa matanda kuti haasi kushandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu. Total wepagore kukura huni iri vanenge mamiriyoni 830 mamita ^3.

zvakawanikwa

Wood - a renewable chimiro zvinhu, saka zvichibvira kwete chete waidzora mashandiro ayo, asi zvishoma nezvishoma kuridza. Kuongorora masango inocherechedzwa nyaya kwete chete mwero kukura gore negore, asi uwandu pamusaka unganidza. The chete nzira kuchinja zvachose nyika reserves mapuranga.