Tselinograd nharaunda: tsananguro, features, nzvimbo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Tselinograd mudunhu iri nechekuchamhembe Kazakhstan. The zvenharaunda Kutarisirwa iri muguta Kokshetau. Region - agro-maindasitiri, asi mukuru specialization iri kurima uye kubudiswa zvinhu zvayo.

Kugadzirwa extractive maindasitiri (migodhi uranium exchange, goridhe mhangura), michina, zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa. Kune makemikari uye mishonga indasitiri.

Geographical nharaunda

Akmola (Tselinograd) nharaunda riri pakati Kokshetau dzakakwirira (north nharaunda) uye gomo zvenguva Ulytau (Southwest Region). Woita zvikomo inoumbwa granites, kwakanyanyisa - quartzites.

MUNDA intersects rwizi Ishim. Kuchamhembe nharaunda chikamu West Siberian Plain.

Okunze inozivikanwa se Continental, izvo muzhizha - hot nechando - vakafa wechando. By uwandu jeka mazuva akafanana nzvimbo dzinopisa. Chando chinogara avhareji anenge mitanhatu. tembiricha nokufamba sezvo gore negore uye diurnal pachinzvimbo chakazvibata.

Ane zvitatu achisiyanisa inoona nezvenjodzi zvikamu: kumaodzanyemba, nechepakati uye kuchamhembe.

Kuchamhembe ane sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine. Ivhu, kunyanya Irtysh, jecha. Kazhinji pane munyu marshes uye munyu makungwa, ukuwo, zvikurukuru Lake Dengiz (Tengiz).

The pakati Chikamu unodamburwa nemakomo pasi. Kuyerera murwizi Ishim, Nura naSara-Su. Nharaunda harisi akakodzera chaizvo kuti igarwe nevanhu, kunyange zvazvo mune dzimwe nzvimbo ichiripo zvinobvira. Heano kuramba deposits zvendarama, mhangura uye marasha.

Kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo - icho inowanzorimwa segwenga risina mvura. miganhu yayo Uchabva panobva rwizi Sary-Su kusvikira Chu River. Chikamu ichi kunonzi Bed-nak-Dale, zvinoreva "Hungry inowanzorimwa".

Vavakidzani yacho ndeinotevera: kubva kumabvazuva - Pavlodar nzvimbo dziri kumadokero - Kostanay, kuchamhembe - North Kazakhstan, kumaodzanyemba - kuKaraganda.

Nharaunda rinofukidza 146,2 ba. M nzvimbo. ? km.

Nhoroondo Tselinograd nharaunda

Tselinograd nharaunda ine akapfuma kare, panguva iyo kwave kuchiita dzakawanda kuchinja, zvose miganhu uye rokuremekedza.

Kokutanga anotaurwa nharaunda muna 1868, "dikidiki Mirayiro pamusoro kurapa inowanzorimwa kumatunhu Orenburg uye West Siberian Gavhuna-General" apo 6 kumatunhu dzakaumbwa pamusoro munharaunda Kazakhstan. Mumwe wavo aiva Akmola nharaunda (muzinda iri muguta Omsk). Nzvimbo zvinosanganisira counties: Akmola, Petropavlovsk, Atbasar, Omsk uye Kokchetav.

Muna 1928, kuti Akmola nharaunda iri vatendeukira Akmola Region, asi makore maviri gare gare, uye akanga kupera nokuda itsva yaiona-miganhu kupesana.

Muna October 1939, Akmola nharaunda rukaporeswa zvakare. Chakava musimboti weguta Akmolinsk. Administrative nzvimbo kwaisanganisira mumatunhu gumi uye kusvikira 1960. December 26, 1960 mudunhu yakaguma zvakare, uye guta rayo Akmola akagamuchira mamiriro Center of Mhandara Territory. Asi pashure mwedzi mitatu Akmola akadana Tselinograd (mushure vaizoitwazve mhandara munyika), uye April 24 rekuUnited nharaunda, asi rinonzi Tselinograd, yaisanganisira maruwa 17 dzakanyorwa.

Kuparara Soviet Union akaparirwa ndokuchinja idzva Kazakhstan. In April 1992 Tselinograd akanga zvakare apiwa zita rokuti kuna Akmola, nekudunhu - kuna Akmola. Vaimbove Tselinograd nharaunda, iyo nzvimbo zvakachinja ne chirevo President of Kazakhstan musi April 8, 1999, akatama rayo guru kubva Astana (yaimbonzi Akmola) muguta Kokshetau.

Varikutonga simba nharaunda

Akimat ndiyo remunharaunda Executive nesimba zvokuvhoterwa. Musoro akimat (meya), neMutungamiriri weNyika of Republic.

Akimat Tselinograd nharaunda chinomiririrwa mahofisi gumi ari siyana mabhora hwenyika nekudunhu upenyu uye vaviri hurumende masangano (Department of Tourism uye weDhipatimendi mutakurwi chokufambisa mikuru).

akimat utariri kuronga uye kushandiswa remunharaunda bhajeti, sangano zvoupfumi mabasa mudunhu. mabasa avo anosanganisira chokufambisa mahara, nyika zvakanaka, kushandisa zvinhu, kwemitemo uye vatevedzere mutemo, uye vamwe.

Iye zvino, Oblast akim ndiro Sergey Vitalevich Kulagin. Musoro nedunhu akaberekwa uye akamutswa muna Akmola (Tselinograd) nharaunda. Nokuti pambiru akim yacho nharaunda raitongwa kaviri muna September 1998 uye May 2014.

Shortandy dunhu

Somugumisiro kuchangobva zvinhu muna 1939 yawedzera inoona nezvenjodzi Tselinograd nharaunda: Shortandy District akava ayo administrative sangano idzva.

The dunhu kumusha vanhu vanenge 29 362. uwandu hwevanhu arambe achirema - 6.2 vanhu / ba. ? km. In Shortandynskom nharaunda anogara Russian 37%, 31.7% Kazakhs 8.3% kuUkraine, 7% kubva vokuGermany. The yasara 16 muzana dzinoturwa kwavanobva. Muzinda reruwa iri muna Shortandy.

The nharaunda pamusoro 4.700 mativi makiromita.

Arshaly dunhu

Vishnovsky nzvimbo Tselinograd dunhu - vanonzi kusvikira 1997. Nhasi Arshaly District.

The nharaunda yacho dunhu iri 5800 mativi makiromita, zviri kumusha vanhu 27.081. uwandu hwevanhu arambe achirema - 4,7 vanhu / ba. ? km.

In mhenyu nzvimbo kunze Kazakhs (37,3%), Russian (43.4%), Ukrainian (5.7%), vanhu vokuGermany (5.5%), Belarusians wechiTatar (pe2%), Poles, Moldavians Ingushs Chechens, Bashkirs (asingasviki 1%).

Sandyktau dunhu

nzvimbo iyi akakwanisa "pa" mashoma kuchinja pamwe Akmola nharaunda. Kuumbwa 1928, panguva apo Akmola nharaunda yakanga yachinjwa kuva Akmola Region. Zvadaro, muna 1936, akanzi Molotov mudunhu. A Akmola Oblast (makore matatu gare gare, kare kunzi Tselinograd nharaunda) pamepu muna 1957 Balkashinsky muruwa yakatsiva akavapindurawo, Molotov. Pasi zita iri nzvimbo kusvikira 1997, apo akanga adzokera nhoroondo zita - Sandyktau District.

Area rinofukidza 6400 ba. ? km. On Ndima yayo musha vanhu 20.010, arambe achirema - 3.1 vanhu / ba. ? km. Nzvimbo iri kunyanya inogarwa Kazakhs (20.13%), Russian (56.67%) uye vokuGermany (6.62%).

Cities zvisina pamepu

Stepnogorsk (Tselinograd dunhu - Akmola nharaunda ikozvino), rakaumbwa muna 1959 muna 199? Km kubva Astana, asi akazviratidza pamepu chete yechipiri yezana 80s. The pakavanda vomumusha kwakakonzerwa kugara mairi "Tselinny Mining uye Chemical Combine" uye "Stepnogorsk kwesainzi uye mumaindasitiri chawo." Chokutanga raisanganisira kubudiswa uranium exchange esimbi, uye "chawo" - kukura uye kugadzirwa bacteriological zvombo.

Vagari reguta nemakambani (pamusoro 70 marudzi). Russian vanoumba zvinopfuura 50% yevanhu, Kazakhs - 34,5%.

Iye zvino, mabhizimisi guta kubudisa ndarama, uranium exchange uye molybdenum.

City Alekseevka Tselinograd nzvimbo (zvino Akmolinsk) yakavambwa muna 1965. Zviri mukati kuchiteshi AK-Cool. Of maindasitiri emakambani ane creamery uye muti kuti kugadzirwa zvokuvakisa. Other emakambani zvinosanganisira njanji.

The guta pacharo zvikuru chokuita kuchiteshi AK-Kul, kubva pakutanga kwayo kwainzi namahwindo nyaya. Izvi nechokuita vanofungidzirwa kuwa UFOs uye basa iri kudzidza nzvimbo kuwa kwake.

Pari guta anonzi Akkol.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Mugumo XVIII - pakutanga XIX remakore - nguva zvakaoma Kazakh khanate Junior uye Middle Horde: kugara vachirwisa haunted Kazakhs kubva kuvavakidzani, kumanikidzwa kutsvaka kudzivirirwa kubva kuchamhembe muvakidzani wayo - Russia.

Paumbwe Tselinograd nharaunda ane chokuita zvakananga kutamburira rusununguko kubva Kazakhs, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuRussia patronage.

In Stepnogorsk Ndaishanda Kanatzhan Alibayov - anozivikanwa microbiologist, imwe nyanzvi mune zvinotapuriranwa, hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu, immunology. Vachitungamirirwa ake, kugadzirwa rakarongwa kurwa tisawirirane akadai anotyisa zvirwere sezvo nechigwadara.

Muna 1990-1991, akatungamirira kuvhara Alibayov chirongwa kukura uye kugadzirwa zvombo zvoutachiona.

Nharaunda anozivikanwa nokuda State National Natural Park "Burabay", akasikwa 2000. The paka anopindura 83,5 zviuru hectares. On Ndima yayo pane 14 madhamu. Mumwe wavo (Lake Borovoe) ndiro dzisina rudzi kukosha. Around mudziva dziri mumasango gomo uye, chokwadi, kusingaperi Kazakh steppes. Nokuti kunaka kwayo mupaka rinonzi "Kazakh Switzerland". Mumasango vemo unogona kuwana mhuka: iri yokuSpain, mhumhi, mhuka musii, Elk, nondo uye dzimwe mhuka.

Pedyo guru nharaunda iri wechipiri State National Natural Park - "Kokshetau". Zvinotora zvinopfuura "Burabay" nharaunda - 182 zviuru hectares. Ndima yayo anezvakawanda madziva, makomo, masango, steppes. The madhamu zvinowanikwa whitefish uye ripus - zvinokosha mhando hove. Vashanyi inopihwa sezvo musango uye bhiza Kuda, uyewo mukana kugara zvetsika Kazakh yokugara.

In mhedziso

Akmola (Tselinograd) nharaunda anopindura chikuru nzvimbo: inotevera vari dzakabudirira kunzvimbo dzakadai Russia, sezvo Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Omsk kumatunhu uye Urals.

Pari, akasimbisa akwegura uye kushanda zvakakwana itsva noushamwari kwoupfumi pamwe kumatunhu Russian. Pane Kuwedzera kumusika kwenhumbi uye zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa munzvimbo.