Diorite chifananidzo waFarao. Khafre (Chephren) - mutongi wechina weIjipiti

Ancient Egyptian budiriro ane makore akawanda Akakwezva nevatsvakurudzi, kukonzera gakava zvikuru. Kuchengeta yakawanda unsolved zvakavanzika tsika kuri isingatarisirwi zhinji.

Unique Pyramid yakavakwa muna III Millennium BC, inoshamisa kunyange nhasi nyanzvi consummate unyanzvi uye zvinoshamisa kubudiswa ibwe chete. No shoma chakavanzika iri wakavezwa kubva hwakasimba zvinhu zvivezwa muIjipiti achiripo kusvikira nhasi.

Akagadzirwa diorite chifananidzo mochari temberi Farao Khafre kwakaita Giza ose aigara masayendisiti vanofarira. Chirahwe kuti mhizha vemo vasina zvokushandisa kuvatendera ironge dombo rusingaperi. Sezvo vanochera matongo vanoti, hunoshamisa nhoroondo Monuments of Ancient Egypt zvakaitwa kushandisa ruzivo kupfuura kakawanda nhasi.

kwevafi kunzwisisa

Vashanyi vanobva munyika yose kuuya Giza Plateau, ndiro guta guru wakabata kuvigwa hurongwa vanafarao veIjipiti uye navanamambokadzi. Zviri zvikuru Zvinofadza kuti vafambi zvose zvakaoma, vachibvumira pedyo zvakavanzika mapiramidhi uye kubatwa munhu zvekare budiriro. Uchishanda kunharaunda yayo, vatsvakurudzi tsanangura kuti Giza rwenze - harisi chete matongo nzvimbo, asi zvokunamata.

Uyezve zvose anozivikanwa Pyramid Great, pane guva Farao Chephren kana Khafre zvishoma vakaderera kukura kusvika anozivikanwa kuvaka. Zviri ndeyokungoitawo kunzwisisa, yakavakwa kuti hwomubati yeEgipita, uye vashanyi vakawanda vanofunga mumwe akanaka kwazvo.

A zvishoma chokwadi chenhau dzine chokuita noupenyu munyikadzimu

In muIjipiti yekare, Farao ari kusimba anokudzwa nokuenzanisa nayo naMwari. Sezvo kukuru simba vatongi vakanga vakadzidza vanhu vakatora chikamu chinokosha munhau yose munyika. Kumiririrwa vagari vemo pamusoro pashure porufu akava simba guru pamusoro pokumuka uye kuvaka mapiramidhi, izvo zviri chaizvoizvo kumakuva.

Batanidza zvikuru kunamatwa rufu vanafarao akavaka makuva avo pachine. VaEgipita vaidavira kuti pashure porufu - ndiye kuramba kuvapo panyika, uye mukuru zvimiso yezwi mumwe nyika yakava fanira ndichengetedze murume mumuviri nevamwe.

Kodzero kusafa

Hapana tsaona vaIjipiti saka nokungwarira akaomeswa akafa mutumbi wemufi uye akapa zvose unofanira vazadze muhwiro zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvingava zvakakodzera. Maererano kwokutanga kutenda, chete vanaFarao vaiva pashure porufu, asi gare gare vatongi vechiIjipiti vakanga vachinzwisisa nemano waipa kusafa uye vadiwa vavo kuziva.

Mugumo Umambo Old pakataurwa kuziva kodzero vose kune humwe upenyu.

The mutongi weIjipiti Chephren

Farao Khafre, ane chidhori Zvinoshamisa kufarira, aiva mutongi Old Kingdom hwedzinza IV. Zvishoma Zvivako iyoyo vakauya kwatiri, saka zhinji nechokwadi Biography yake havana yakavimbika, uye kunyange makore oupenyu chikonzero nokusanzwisisana. Egyptologists vanodavira kuti Khafre State anotonga makore anenge 25.

Today Heffron yakanakisisa kuzivikanwa kuti erection rechipiri pakukura piramidhi pa Giza. Maumbirwe Farao, iye ari mwanakomana Cheops (KHUFU) uye vakabata simba pashure baba vake uye hanzvadzi Djedefre, vakadzorerwa patsime-akachengetedzwa mifananidzo guva.

matsvene rwenze

Plato pakutanga vaiona matsvene, uye saka kwevafi zvivako dzakavakwa pamusoro payo. Farao Khafre, afambisire mberi kufunga yezwi pashure porufu, akaraira kuti kuvaka piramidhi pedyo neguva Cheops.

Pakutanga kureba chepiramidhi raiva 144 metres, asi nokufamba kwenguva izvozvo akaramba zvishoma, izvo haana kukanganisa mamiriro ayo akanaka. Yematombo akanga chikuru chivakwa zvinhu nokuti, nechigadziko iri mudungwe roruvara rwakatsvukuruka girenayiti.

The chepiramidhi, razova dzakafuridzirwa

Farao Khafre aishuva kuti Munopfuura piramidhi guva saizi yababa vake, asi panguva kuvakwa Zvakazoitika kuti pavakwe chihombe kunzwisisa hazvibviri nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti piramidhi marongerwo uye marongerwo waro pemarata, mumwe maberere uye rinokosha niche nokuti midziyo kupira ari crypt akanga akafuridzirwa. Maererano chepakutanga mureza akatanga chakavakwa zvimwe zvose kwevafi zvivako.

Yaisanganisira kwevafi yakaoma?

Pakutanga, pedyo remazera Khafre akanga duku kuvigwa chivako iyo mazuva idzi hapana chakasara. Ungangove, ndipo akavigwa mukadzi paFarao.

temberi kwevafi yakavakwa guru girenayiti kutigumbura, simba rayo zvakatishamisa: chinogumbura kureba kwakanga 5 metres, uye kurema neimwe zvasvika matani makumi mana. Kusvikira XVIII remakore zvakanga ari inogutsa ezvinhu, apo vanhu veko havana kuparadza kuvakwa porusvingo. Inside nayo pane zvakawanda zvivezwa pamusoro paFarao.

The kunzwisisa rinosanganisira chipingamupinyi rusvingo pakati zvivako, migwagwa ezasi chechi, apo diorite chifananidzo Farao yakawanikwa. Khafre, uyo akarota mi- mamiriro, pamuviri pamusoro compactness ari iconic mamiriro. Kushanda wemariro kunzwisisa, vanochera matongo vakawana kuti kana iri nzvimbo huru rusununguko nzvimbo haisi kunyanya - asingasviki 0.01 muzana.

Chii mukati chepiramidhi?

The womukati Pyramid kugadzirwa kwaisanganisira maviri makamera uye zvinoshandisa pakurima. Pane nzira yokubudisa diki mumba, izvo zvakanga zvasara konekwa, uye chinangwa chayo harizivikanwi. Peguva, mukati akavezwa dombo, girenayiti sarcophagus amboita anozorora wako akatyoka muvharo.

By makororo akachera mugero kuti mukati, uye zvose chinoramba mumatongo - vamwe dzaiuya maparera uye koko tsika mudziyo, iro rine zita raMwari nemutevedzeri. Hapasisina nzvimbo mukati chepiramidhi ikoko.

Zvishoma nezvishoma akakura akapoteredza munhu necropolis chaiwo umo muviri akazorora nhengo dzose mhuri Khafre.

Guva mupristi uye nehama dzake

Makore matanhatu apfuura, vanochera matongo vakawana pedyo makuva guva mupristi aFarao, iye munguva yokutonga kwake zvakaita mochari chitendero. Aigona kupa kusafa kuhama dzose, uye ichi chivako chaiva chiratidzo chokuti zvavo vaEgipita vakapiwa kodzero kune humwe upenyu.

Zvakawanda yakanyungudutswa dzaFarao

On tsvene rwenze vatongi zhinji weIjipiti uye nehama dzavo vakavigwa, asi vamwe havana chimwe kwebhokisi. Asi vakawanda zvivezwa, kuwanikwa nevanochera, akaonekwa sezvo gavhuna Khafre Mwari. Farao weIjipiti yekare kumiririrwa pamwe rugwaro ndebvu uye sikavha pamusoro wake, uye hapana chifananidzo chake haana kufanana nemamwe. Vaongorori vanodavira kuti mumazuva iwayo airambidzwa kubereka fanana zvidimbu.

Sculpture, pakutanga hunogara muhunza mune rimwe dzimba dzose chepiramidhi, vakazopiwa akandwe kunze kwavari, uye vakawana ngwanda imwe tsvakurudzo boka muna 1860. Zvinosuruvarisa, vamwe mifananidzo vakarasikirwa musoro uye muviri.

Rizivikanwe zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa chinu chifananidzo Farao Khafre, muNzvimbo Cairo Museum. Pakati Exhibits chinhu aiunganidza waFarao musoro mapurasitiki korona chena ruvara. University of Leipzig vanodada mutongi muna pamitambo nguo, anopenya vari akashongedzwa mahwendefa ndarira.

The yakakurumbira wakaumbwa diorite

Asi nyika yakakurumbira yaiva Implementation munhu wenguva yakareba rima, pamwe chiedza mutsinga, diorite chifananidzo waFarao. Khafre, uyo akatonga muIjipiti yekare, vanodada agere pachigaro chake choushe, zvinovonekwa pazasi chiratidzo ruva kwemaruva uye nenhokwe. chiso chamambo akanyorova uye asingauyi kutaura chero hanya.

Kwomuviri vicegerent Mwari panyika, akapfeka pfupi loincloth, rinosanganisa rugare rwakakwana, uye zvinoita sokuti kuendeswa pakusingaperi.

Statue Farao Khafre kubva mutemberi Giza

Panguva mutsika shawl akafukidza musoro wake ari norukodzi, vachimbundirana uye nokudzivirira akavhura mapapiro mukuru yaFarao. Saka wairatidza hunhu mwari Horus - huru yokudenga simba, zvitoro ose madzimambo yeEgipita nenyika yavo. Mumwe ruoko Khafre vagadzikana avete mabvi ake, uye mumwe wakabata. Pazasi choumambo, pedyo rinonzwika tsoka mutongi, ndokutsika zita rake.

Yakabwinyiswa chifananidzo raFarao Khafre, iro Kuziviswa chiri zvikuru gakava pakati masayendisiti, zvinoramba unsolved chakavanzika kusvikira nhasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yakadaro mufananidzo musoro pasi tsika canons vekare: kuti mweya wemufi aigona kupinda shongwe, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuziva chifananidzo. Uye chete iyoyo mweya mutongi, uye akatora zvikumbiro kuzadziswa zvose nezvibayiro.

nyika Paaidzidzisa

Tinogona kutaura kuti nyika yava Nyanzvi chaivo uye Yemisi Monument pamusoro diorite chidhori Farao. Khafre (photos zvivezwa munyaya ino) inoratidza mutongi hanya, ari kunze kwevanhu kuchiva. Zvinoita sokuti mweya Arbiter Rinoengerera kumwe yakakwirira, vachifungawo gungwa upenyu.

Ndiani zvisingazivikanwi muvezi, dzemano kupatsanurwa dombo rakasimba uye zvakanaka rinopa wakaisvonaka features, haisi kuzivikanwa zvakadaro kure. Uye kana murume uyu akanga?

Chidhori naFarao Khafre, anowanikwa muna 1860 mu Giza, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvidimbu muna Cairo Museum. Izvi inonyatsoratidza chemhando nenhanho kukura unyanzvi yekare vekuIjipiti uye tsika.

chivezwa zvakavanzika sphinx uye Khafre

mubereko Great kwete chete vanhuwo vanoda kare, asi vatsvakurudzi munyika ndiye chifananidzo Farao. Khafre, vaiona pakati nevaIjipiti vainamata mwari akarayira kuti acheke chiso chake pamusoro perimwe chifananidzo chikuru pakupedzisira akafukunurwa nokuda eMillennial paiva jecha XX remakore.

Tiri kutaura kupfuura asinganzwisisiki uye wokuratidza chivezwa, inonakidza pfungwa masayendisiti, uye vanhu zvinhu zvose parwendo. Mutsindo chivezwa, nemifananidzo kubva reraimu, zvichikonzera yakawanda gakava. The chishamiso chikuru weEgipita anoonekwa somunhu chete sezvamunoita pamwe Khafre kwevafi yakaoma, uye chiso sphinx afanane pamberi paFarao

Wavarindi pamusoro mapiramidhi

Akavezwa padombo murindi piramidhi, riri pana chawo, maererano masayendisiti, yakavakwa paitonga Khafre. VaEgipita ichifananidzwa iye seshumba, vari kutarisa kuna East, uye ziso wechitatu akatarisisa zuva kusvika parinonyura chiedza.

Royal chiratidzo, maererano nengano, nguva dzose muka, kuti arege mukaputsa kosi kwezuva. VaIjipiti vekare vaidavira kuti mifananidzo mhuka katsi kuona zvakanaka usiku, kwete kutsinzina maziso ake kuti wechipiri. Sphinxes vakanga chakavakwa pamberi mapiramidhi, achitsvaka adzivirire zvasara mutongi ake naMwari makororo kurwisa.

In pechifananidzo, mufananidzo pamberi paFarao, hapana mhino, izvo hwakonzera dzidziso, sei izvi zvinogona kuitika. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kuti vanodavira ake vanonzi vamutye munhu kanoni bhora pahondo Napoleon pamusoro vokuTurkey, asi vakawanda vanodavira kuti chikamu ichi chiso akanga aenda kwemazana emakore anoverengeka chiitiko pamberi yakaitika.

Puzzles, masayendisiti inofadza

Hapana vasara gwaro rekare nguva idzodzo, izvo zvingadai kutaurwa guru chidhori maviri metres uye kureba kupfuura mashanu navashanu. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi anotenda kuti sphinx pamwe chiso cheshumba rakavakwa imwe nebudiriro refu asati nevaIjipiti vekare, uye kodzero Khafre aida kusiya ndangariro pachake uye akarayira kuti kuchinja mufananidzo, kutema nzira yavo payo.

By shanduro kuti kuvakwa chepiramidhi hwakada kufanana vatorwa kupindira, vaongorori vakawanda kurerekera, kufunga makore makumi maviri kuvaka yakasiyana shongwe pakati chiduku nguva kuti kuvakwa kwezvivako akakura kudaro.

A musayendisiti R. Hoagland, kare mubasa kudzidza mifananidzo Martian pamusoro, ndakawana chepiramidhi uye chifananidzo zviso zvakafanana, ichibata kwevanhu chakatodzana muIjipiti.

Achibva yakanyungudutswa simba

Chinopinda ibwe chifananidzo raFarao Khafre pamwe Horus norukodzi runorova ukuru chaiyo uye panguva zvishongo kuvimbika chiso mashoko mambo ane simba. Panoti "mhenyu" simba zvinobva kuna diorite zvivezwa.

Mumwe munhu ane inobatsirawo wakavezwa chifananidzo Farao. Khafre ichifananidzwa sezvazviri sezvinobvira, hazvitsivi chero kuteerera yepanyika nyika, kugadzirira ake vanozvikudza kutarisa munguva yemberi.

The rekare Egyptian budiriro hakuna kukurumidza kuzivisa zvose zvayo zvakavanzika. Masayendisiti munyaya tsvakurudzo pamusoro mapiramidhi, vakayambira kuti Zvakawanikwa itsva ichava kuvhunduka chaiyo kuvanhu. Uye isu chete kumirira ...