Courland Pocket - ngano

History nekambani. Kunyanya yakawanda yokufungidzira nokuda hondo Great Patriotic War. The zveutungamiri bato aifarira chokwadi kuti mashoko yaipiwa ari chiedza zvakanaka kuti nyika. Nhasi chete ubatanidzwewo vakarara Pfungwa pechidzitiro akarembera zviitiko zvakadai Courland Pocket kwemakore akawanda.

Sezvo chikamu USSR

Hondo Yenyika II kwakakanganisa pakona rimwe nerimwe nyika. Hondo akauya zvakashamisa vanhuwo zvavo. Asi mukuru utariri haana kuziva chete pamusoro kuchinja vakanga kusvika, uye kunyange vachigadzirira zvechiuto chiito.

Chokwadi kuti zviremera zvenyika Union, uye Germany vaiziva nhasi vanogona kuudza vakawanda magwaro. Mumwe wavo - the Molotov-Ribbentrop chibvumirano, izvo viga vavariro yechokwadi nokuda yepamutemo zita "dzisiri utsinye chibvumirano." It akasaina chakavanzika dzakati umo Latvia akauya pasi Soviet simba.

Muna October 1939, miganhu wehurumende ichi amuka vanopfuura 20 000 Russian muchiuto. Gore rakatevera, muna June, ari commissar nokuti Foreign Affairs Molotov akaisa Latvia mamiriro ezvinhu: bhodhi inofanira nokuzvidira chigaro ichocho masimba avo. mauto eSoviet akanga kudzvinyirira kurwisa ari kuedza. Kuti tidzivise ropa, zvinhu wokurera. Hurumende itsva yakaita sarudzo "wakanaka" rimwe chete mumiriri zvevanhu Diet.

August 5, 1940 Latvia akabatana Soviet Union. Pakati nzvimbo, uyo akabatana, uye aiva nharaunda kwaiva Courland Pocket gare gare.

Vatarisana hondo

Kunoteverwa udzvanyiriri vaya vakarwira rusununguko cheHurumende. June 22, 1941, Mukuru Patriotic War. YechiFascist nechisimba paakasvika pamusoro idzi. Pakazosvika pakati July, nyika yose yavaibatisa. It akaramba vachitungamirirwa itsva nyika muvengi kusvikira muzhizha 1944.

The kosi Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga pashure Hondo Kursk. Kubvira ipapo, vaiva Red Army yacho zvine urongwa danho.

Muzhizha Union mauto akasvika kuBaltic States. Pane akatanga kuramba Danho yorusununguko. Kumadokero Chikamu Latvia akaramba kubatikana kusvikira October. Red akaita nzira yavo Sea reBaltic uye vakamira pedyo Lithuanian taundi Palanga. boka German "North", zvinosanganisira rechi16 uye rechi18 Army, akagurwa akabviswa mamwe boka "Center". Saka, kutanga chikamu yaiva Peninsula.

Zviitiko izvi makasika Courland Pocket. Total 400 000 vokuGermany vakanga vava.

Capital somunhu wokushamisira

VokuGermany vakanga vabata pakati maviri fronts Soviet. The mutsetse akatambanudza pamusoro mazana maviri chete kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira Liepaja Tukums.

With Vavariro huru, utungamiriri Soviet atora pamusoro ngaakuitirei. October 10, 1944 akatanga kuvhiyiwa kuzosunungura Riga. Rakanga wakapindwa: 1 Shock, 61 vakasuwa 67 vakasuwa 10 fung Guards Army. Asi vokuGermany vakarwa shure. Nekuona kuti hazvibviri kubata guta, vakaita nechimbichimbi kubvisa uye akatamira kugungwa. Mazuva matatu gare gare, mauto eSoviet dzatora kumabvazuva eguta. October 15, vakapinda kumadokero kwayo chikamu.

Kamwe vavengi zvachose kubvisa hondo "Center", uye guta guru yakakundwa, vatungamiri akapa kuti kubvisa muvengi, uyo akatora pamusoro Peninsula. Kurland bhaira aifanira kuva nyore uye inoita mukombe shoma varasikirwa.

kutanga kuedza The pa liquidation

Utungamiri Soviet vakatanga imwe inogumbura musi 16 October. Zvisinei, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga vachirwa. Vanotyisa kurwa. Mauto Soviet vakaramba munzvimbo dzavo uye vakanga vasingakwanisi kutora kundima itsva. Akaratidza anokosha ushingi 1st Shock Army. Masoja Its vakakwanisa kuzadzisa zvabuda zvikuru.

Vakakwanisa kutora muguta Kemer uye kuswedera masvingo Tukums. Kazhinji, dzaiitwa inenge 40? Km. Uyezve, sangano ravo kumisa muvengi.

Red Army ndokukuvadza mumwe akarova 27 October. Utungamiriri haana kuda kuparadza zvachose muvengi. Huru basa raiva kupaza kuzvidzivirira ake uye kuputsa hondo mapoka maduku vasiri kukwanisa kubatsira mumwe. Asi handina kuwa, "Kurland bhaira". Hondo, iro rakatanga pamusoro 27 vakasuwa akaramba kusvikira October 31, pashure iyo kunogumbura rakaguma.

Foundation kukundikana - nhungamiro yomukati

Sezvo yakaitwa pamusoro mishoma yakatevera kuedza dzokurasa nevaNazi, asi ivo zvinobudirira yemabhuku-kurwiswa. Uyezve, kubva hurongwa midziyo. Zvishoma kushandiswa zvombo. Paiva inorema vaifira pakati pemauto, yakawanda akafa uye vakuvara.

In mukupera December vokuSoviet vakatangazve kurwisa. Nhangaruvazhe raiva guta Liepaja.

Chikuru Chikonzero kunonoka kusunungurwa Peninsula yakanga kusagona Red Army achaunganidza. Yakaipisisa kukurukurirana uye kukundikana zvinoenderana hwewanano yakadaro kwakatungamirira refu blockade, iyo akapikisa Courland Pocket. Netsamba kubva vokuGermany Kusiyana neizvi, dzinotaura kuti Army "North" aishanda cohesively sezvo rimwe muviri. Vehondo zvakagadzira grid pamusoro njanji, iyo akabatanidzwa inokosha basa kukura muhondo kwacho.

Saka, pedyo mauto ndangowedzera kusvikira apo rubatsiro paidiwa. Ukuwo, aigona kutora maawa mashoma masoja kana Kusaona kutyisidzira. Uyezve, nzvimbo eGermany akanga akavakirirwa zvakanaka uye kungaita-refu nemishonga.

Kunwisa kurasikirwa uye simba nemishonga

In kuwa 1944 munharaunda Peninsula, paiva 32 nemapoka uye 1 bhurigedhi. Kuwedzera vokuGermany kudivi Nazi Germany akarwa vomuNorway, Latvians, Estonians uye Dutch. Vaiva chikamu SS chengetedza mauto. Uye, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina zvakanaka vakabata uye havana kupfuura nokudzidziswa, vakatora Zvinoshingaira mukurwa.

Panozopera gore nhamba revarwi, maererano ine data, yakaderera nezvikamu 40 000. nhamba dzakadaro vakaurayiwa Courland mugate rokutanga chokutambudzika kuedza kuhupedza. Rave incapacitated Matangi vanopfuura mazana mashanu.

Next, yechitatu tsamwisa kushanda akatanga musi 23 January. Chinangwa charo chaiva kuparadzwa kukurukurirana, rakanga raitwa pamusoro njanji makwara. Hondo dzakarwiwa remuSamoa kwemazuva manomwe. Ipapo Red Army vatungamiri vakasarudza simbisa mashoko dzatorwa.

Recent kuedza

Kwapera mwedzi, akatanga chinozunguzirwa chechina kurwiswa pamusoro Courland Pocket (1945). February 20 dambudziko idzva rakazivikanwa. Chaizvoizvo Its - kuenda kurwizi Vartava uye akagura vokuGermany kubva pachiteshi Liepaja.

Panguva imwe huru oparesheni mutsetse pamberi yakatyoka, uye varwi Soviet vakatora mumwe 2 makiromita kwenharaunda muvengi. Red Army kushayiwa guru-caliber chombo. Asi, iri mhiri mberi, vokuGermany dzose aswedera zvose zvokunyama uye kwevanhu rubatsiro.

Kurwiswa yakamiswa musi 28 February.

Muna March, wokupedzisira pamwero mukuru kuedza kudzinga vokuGermany chaiitirwa. Vamwe mapoka mauto eSoviet vakabudirira, asi vakazopiwa adzosa.

Kufirwa mudzimba mauto akasvika zvinopfuura 30.000 akafa uye 130,000 vanhu vakuvara.

Nokuti vakarwa vokuGermany

Long haana kurega Courland Pocket. Hondo yokupedzisira Hondo Yenyika II munharaunda iyi kwakaguma chete pamberi zvizere Kuregwa Germany. May 9, 1945 hafu mauto mapfumo. Chimwe chikamu zvazvinobatsira kuedza kuvanza.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vakanga stymied. Zvinokonzera misana kwevaNazi vakamira akasununguka kubva Soviet nemauto Sea reBaltic.

VokuGermany vakanga yenyu mazuva ose maviri maduku, kwete sokuronga kukosha chiteshi - Liepaja uye Ventspils. Zviri kuburikidza nomuviri mvura vaNazi raigona kwakabatana Germany. Military kugamuchira varambe rutsigiro. Vaigara akanunura chikafu, zvombo uye mishonga. Also vakaperekedza akatakura kukuvara.

nokuzvidira kusarenda

More uye ruzhinji kufarira ngano nhoroondo zvechiuto. Kurland bhaira haana inokosha inokosha ndima kuti mararamiro kare. Akava yorudzii muenzaniso kwokusasimba murayiro veSoviet wakaisvonaka zvirire muvengi chiito.

Education Kurland muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano (a zita aipfeka Army "North" kubva January 1945), zvakanga chete kukanganisa. Mauto Ndivo kusiya Latvia mumatsutso 1944, asi nekuda kunonoka ravarwi General Scherner yakagurwa kubva "Center", uye akasunda shure gungwa.

Bayirai kubatsira atore weboka Berlin akagamuchira kanopfuura kamwe. Pasi masvingo Reich vakatuma nevana vavo, vasina kuona hondo, paaiva Courland kweItari zviuru masoja vakarwira gumi nevaviri misha diki.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vaHitler zvakatsamwisa kungotaura Kuregwa kundima, kunyange mapoka akawanda egungwa vakaunzwa Germany. Asi zvakanga vanyanyononoka. The kuderera nhamba muvengi - chikonzero chikuru kuti inogumbura mashandiro ari USSR. Mauto muvengi vaiva yakawanda, akangwara nzira, saka ndiani anoziva kuti vapedza pamusoro apa zviitiko, kana kwete capitulation kweBerlin.