The mubatsiri - rechiuto chinzvimbo?

Munhu wose anoziva kuti zita rinoshandiswa Kakawanda kacho muchiuto chechinyorwa. Inodzidzisa nhoroondo chidzoke rwokutaura Russian. Shoko "mubatsiri" kunotibatsira kunzwisisa chaizvo vanhu ava vari kuita uye chii nzvimbo vakagara muchiuto vakuru.

The chidzoke weshoko

Peter I kwakaita kuchinja muuto vakachinja nenhendashure, ichiparara uye unorganized chaunga chakanga uto Russian, akatendeuka ndokuadira rimwe inonyatsobudirira mauto nevarwi kondinendi European. Kufanana nevamwe vakawanda mashoko muchiuto, shoko "mubatsiri," - a German utsanzi XVII remakore. Rine Midzi Latin uye rinobva mubatsiri, rinoreva "rubatsiro". Saka, kutanga uye chinokosha ukoshi musoro "mubetseri" - ndiye mubatsiri maneja.

Mubatsiri ari Petrine Russia

In yechipiri yezana remakore rechi17, zvevafundisi uye pisarstvom muuto Russian paaivatambudza vakuru. Pashure kuitwa nemitemo zvechiuto muna 1716 musoro chinoramba chete Cossack regiments. The dzose Uto mubatsiri anooneka. Muuto wokuRussia kubvira muzana remakore rechi17, mubatsiri - murwi neumwe-siyana mabasa, munyori mukuru, iye anokonzera hofisi zvakanaka, vashandi basa. The honorary Zita rokuremekedza inopfekwa vose vakuru, yakaitirwa dzakasiyana zvikamu vatungamiri mauto. The mabasa pachake vabatsiri yaisanganisira:

• kuitisa pachako matsamba wavarwi;
• aurayiwe mirairo yake;
• chokuendesa Dzinofadza Dzakaitika Kwakasiyana, varayirwa, kutukana uye zvakanyorwa mirairo;
• kuwana nhamba muhondo.

mudare

Kutanga kubva 1711, mudare ndimo makapiwa Russian vane zvinzvimbo itsva mbiri, chimwe nechimwe chine chivakashure muzita rayo. Vakadaidzwa "mubatsiri General" uye "mubatsiri". Zita rokuremekedza iri aigona mari chete vanhu vachinakidzwa rinokosha chivimbo kwemupristi murayiro uye mambo pachake, akaraira kwaakanga uye kutungamirira Implementation yavo. "Table vezvinzvimbo" rakabudiswa muna 1722, anotova aro remazita chinzvimbo izvi. Kubva panguva iyi, vose mazita vakaenzana magetsi mauto pamisara.

Pakutanga, mubatsiri - rechiuto rinosanganisira pasi General, Field Marshal uye Generalissimo. mabasa ake anosanganisira nokupfuuridzirwa varayirwa uye mirairo mutungamiri pachiuno. Kubvira pakupera XVII remakore muRussia "mubatsiri General" uye "mubatsiri" - the Suite (dare) musoro, aiva nekodzero kudzipfeka chete vanhu vari Kesari Suite.

Shoko "mukuru" hazvirevi mauto kuhondo, zvinonyanya zvakakodzera kuwedzera pakupera tsamba "munhu" Saka zviri pachena kuti zvinokosha kuverenga musoro se "mubatsiri mukuru." Panguva behest pakati Catherine II mubatsiri General chete inogona dzakapoteredzwa Empress, uye chavawo musoro roruvanze. Iva Kesari kuti mubetseri vakatsvaka nevazhinji muchiuto vakakwirira - rokuti akanga honorary uye zvinobatsira. Kudomwa inotevera dare chinzvimbo choga kwaireva kuwana rakakodzera, wakakwidzwa uto chinzvimbo.

Mushure 1917, musoro mubatsiri yabviswa uye hausi kushandiswa mumhuri mumunda mauto.