Chikonzero pokuwa Old Russian nehurumende uye nemigumisiro yayo

Chero mamiriro munhau dzayo, kuenda mumatanho matatu - kudzidziswa uye kukura, yendarama zera, kuora uye vanoguma kuvapo. Kievan Rus - a inotungamirwa simba yokumabvazuva Slavs - hapana kunze, saka pashure ake mukukunda pamusoro renyika panguva Yaroslava Mudrogo, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanga hachisisina simba uye akanyangarika munenge enyika mepu. Chikonzero pokuwa Old Russian hurumende nhasi anozivikanwa kuti vechikoro uye vakuru, asi haisi mumwe chete: Kievan Rus akarasika nokuda kwokunze uye munyika zvinhu, izvo pamwe zvakaita yakadaro zvaizoitika. Asi tichazvidudzira zvose kuitira.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Ndechipi chikonzero pokuwa Old Russian mamiriro, izvo kwayo ichatonga zvine mbiri inogarwa ndima huru kubva Taman Peninsula kune rokumusoro kunosvika kuna Northern Dvina River, mutero kuna Volga kusvikira Dniester uye Vistula? Tisati kuzvitarisa, tikayeuka muchidimbu nhoroondo Kievan Rus.

Setsika, paumbwe hurumende ichaongororwa 862 - musi kudana apinda Rurik. Zvaakanga yabatanidza simba rayo muKiev, mutsivi wake Oleg Veschy yakabatana nyika pedyo pasi rwake. Vazhinji dzekare havabvumirani dzidziso iyi, sezvo vasati vasvika Oleg muRussia maiva rakavakirwa guta, vakarongwa mauto, kuvaka ngarava, temberi, akatakurwa karenda, pane ane yayo tsika, chitendero uye mutauro. Munhare uye guta guru Kiev rakanga zvakanaka iri dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana.

The Golden Age of East necheSalvic wehurumende akauya mushure kuitwa chiKristu muna 988 uye Tawonekana , Vladimir Red Sun uye Yaroslava Mudrogo, vane mwanasikana akava mambokadzi kunyika nhatu uye uyo akabvuma bumbiro yokutanga "Russian Chokwadi". Zvishoma nezvishoma, Kyivan Rus yakatanga feudal kusabatana uye ruvengo pakati vakawanda feudal madzishe. Uyu ndiwo wekutanga uye chikuru chikonzero pokuwa Old Russian mamiriro. Mongolian Nabhari kudzimwa naye kubva enyika map Europe, akatendeuka ndokuita ulus Yechinwiwa Horde kure.

Internal zvinoita Rus disintegration

Chikonzero chikuru kuti kuparara Old Russian Hurumende - Kievan Rus feudal kusabatana uye ruvengo pakati machinda. Iyi tsika shanduro ruzhinji dzekare, uyo kuteerera chokwadi kuti hapana chakaipa kuti nyika dzokuEurope panguva. Kudzamisa uye vakabatsira kuti kusabatana zvinotevera:

• ukuru Russian takakombwa nevavengi - zhinji madzinza, vari pazvidanho zvakasiyana-siyana okukura. mugumo ose aiva muvengi yayo, saka tichirwa kubvisa mauto ake pachake.
• Mumwe muchinda feudal kwaibva itsva asi zvikuru mapoka vakawanda, izvo zvinosanganisira vamiririri Church, vanokudzwa, vatengesi.
• Gogonera upfumi Kugadzirwa kumatunhu: mupfumi hugota haana kugovana zvinhu zvavo pamwechete Grand Muchinda Kiev uye varombo yemberi.
• Kakawanda kurwisana kwevagari nokuda Kiev choushe pakati venhaka, mune wakaparara vakawanda vanhuwo zvavo.

External zvinokonzera rufu Kievan Rus '

Internal zvinokonzera kuparara Old Russian mamiriro zvishoma, takabva, ikozvino tinotarisa zvimwewo zvinoitika. Nguva kubudirira machinda vakaita zvakawanda nechokwadi rakachengeteka nemiganhu yayo. Vladimir akabhabhatidza Rus, apo kugamuchira nyasha Byzantine Empire uye kutsigira nyika dzokuEurope, Yaroslav kuroora dynastic, akakurukura mapurani, tsika, rwokugadzira, dzidzo, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi13 wokumwe mitemo mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja chose ari kutonga nyika makatanga nokushingaira vanoti zviri eMongolia. Iron kurangwa uye nokuteerera Mhedziso vakuru, vakawanda uye tsime zvombo, rakatorwa zvapfuura mishandirapamwe, akaita muArabhu asingakundiki. Pashure pokukundwa Rus eMongolia zvakachinja zvachose nzira youpenyu, akatanga mitemo zvitsva akamutsa dzimwe guta uye akapukuta panze mumwe. Pamusoro peizvi zvose akaurayiwa kana varanda vakawanda vacho, sezvo vepamusoro Mutongo uye vanhuwo zvavo.

Pokuwa Old Russian wehurumende: Zvinokonzera uye Consequences

Zvinhu disintegration enyika pamusoro Kievan Rus, Taiongorora zvino kuwana chii hunoguma Fani iyi yave kusvika hurumende. Pakutanga mashoko feudal kusabatana Old Russian mamiriro zvakanga zvakanaka: achishingaira dzakabudirira zvokurima, handicrafts, mumwe yainakidza kutengeserana chaiitirwa, guta akakura.

Asi ipapo nhaka vava vakaparadzana inoti, vane vabati vari kuramba kutamburira kuti simba uye chikuru bvupa kukakavara - Kiev. Guta guru uye nyika yaro vakafirwa simba, iyo kwapfuura mumaoko mupfumi uye simba kumatunhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Galicia-Volyn, Vladimir-Suzdal uye Novgorod boyar zvokuvhoterwa, izvo vaiona kuva mugari wenhaka enyika aimbova Old Russian mamiriro. Ruvengo simba zvikuru panyika uye haana kubvumira machinda yokuRussia kuti ibatane ari Horde kurwiswa, nokuda iyo Kiev Russia akarega kuvapo.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Zvinokonzera uye migumisiro enyika disintegration of Old Russian mamiriro takawongorora. Iyi karwendo kupinda munhoroondo Rinotipa chidzidzo chikuru: kungotariswa nekushandirapamwe vachidyidzana vanhu uye navabati ndiwo kuvaka simba uye akapfuma ehurumende, anogona kurarama zvose nhamo dzoupenyu.